Disable compositor on Qt Linux

.ci/scripts/clang/docker.sh

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ ccache -s
 mkdir build || true && cd build
 cmake .. \
       -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-      -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-march=x86-64-v2" \
       -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/lib/ccache/clang++ \
       -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/lib/ccache/clang \
       -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="/usr" \

.ci/scripts/linux/docker.sh

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ mkdir build || true && cd build
 cmake .. \
       -DBoost_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON \
       -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-      -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-march=x86-64-v2" \
       -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/lib/ccache/g++ \
       -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/lib/ccache/gcc \
       -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="/usr" \

.ci/templates/build-msvc.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ parameters:
 steps:
 - script: choco install vulkan-sdk
   displayName: 'Install vulkan-sdk'
-- script: refreshenv && mkdir build && cd build && cmake -E env CXXFLAGS="/Gw /GA /Gr /Ob2" cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DCMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION=ON -DCMAKE_POLICY_DEFAULT_CMP0069=NEW -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT=1 -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_SDL2=1 -DYUZU_USE_QT_WEB_ENGINE=ON -DENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_LIST_DOWNLOAD=ON -DYUZU_ENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_REPORTING=${COMPAT} -DYUZU_TESTS=OFF -DUSE_DISCORD_PRESENCE=ON -DENABLE_QT_TRANSLATION=ON -DDISPLAY_VERSION=${{ parameters['version'] }} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DYUZU_CRASH_DUMPS=ON .. && cd ..
+- script: refreshenv && mkdir build && cd build && cmake -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT=1 -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_SDL2=1 -DYUZU_USE_QT_WEB_ENGINE=ON -DENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_LIST_DOWNLOAD=ON -DYUZU_ENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_REPORTING=${COMPAT} -DYUZU_TESTS=OFF -DUSE_DISCORD_PRESENCE=ON -DENABLE_QT_TRANSLATION=ON -DDISPLAY_VERSION=${{ parameters['version'] }} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DYUZU_CRASH_DUMPS=ON .. && cd ..
   displayName: 'Configure CMake'
 - task: MSBuild@1
   displayName: 'Build'

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ find_package(libusb 1.0.24)
 find_package(lz4 REQUIRED)
 find_package(nlohmann_json 3.8 REQUIRED)
 find_package(Opus 1.3)
-find_package(Vulkan 1.3.238)
+find_package(Vulkan 1.3.213)
 find_package(ZLIB 1.2 REQUIRED)
 find_package(zstd 1.5 REQUIRED)
 
@@ -260,11 +260,15 @@ if(ENABLE_QT6 AND Qt6_LOCATION)
     list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "${Qt6_LOCATION}")
 endif()
 
+if (UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
+    find_package(X11 REQUIRED)
+endif()
+
 function(set_yuzu_qt_components)
     # Best practice is to ask for all components at once, so they are from the same version
     set(YUZU_QT_COMPONENTS2 Core Widgets Concurrent)
-    if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} STREQUAL "Linux")
-        list(APPEND YUZU_QT_COMPONENTS2 DBus)
+    if (UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
+        list(APPEND YUZU_QT_COMPONENTS2 DBus X11Extras)
     endif()
     if (YUZU_USE_QT_MULTIMEDIA)
         list(APPEND YUZU_QT_COMPONENTS2 Multimedia)

externals/find-modules/FindOpus.cmake

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
 find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
-pkg_search_module(OPUS QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET opus)
+if (PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+    pkg_search_module(OPUS QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET opus)
+endif()
 
 include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
 find_package_handle_standard_args(Opus

externals/find-modules/Findenet.cmake

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
-pkg_search_module(ENET QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET libenet)
+if (PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+    pkg_search_module(ENET QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET libenet)
+endif()
 
 include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
 find_package_handle_standard_args(enet

externals/find-modules/Findhttplib.cmake

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ if (httplib_FOUND)
     find_package_handle_standard_args(httplib CONFIG_MODE)
 else()
     find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
-    pkg_search_module(HTTPLIB QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET cpp-httplib)
+    if (PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+        pkg_search_module(HTTPLIB QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET cpp-httplib)
+    endif()
     find_package_handle_standard_args(httplib
         REQUIRED_VARS HTTPLIB_INCLUDEDIR
         VERSION_VAR HTTPLIB_VERSION

externals/find-modules/Findinih.cmake

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
-pkg_search_module(INIREADER QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET INIReader)
+if (PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+    pkg_search_module(INIREADER QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET INIReader)
+endif()
 
 include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
 find_package_handle_standard_args(inih

externals/find-modules/Findlibusb.cmake

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 
 find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
-pkg_search_module(LIBUSB QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET libusb-1.0)
+if (PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+    pkg_search_module(LIBUSB QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET libusb-1.0)
+endif()
 
 include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
 find_package_handle_standard_args(libusb

externals/find-modules/Findlz4.cmake

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ if (lz4_FOUND)
     find_package_handle_standard_args(lz4 CONFIG_MODE)
 else()
     find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
-    pkg_search_module(LZ4 QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET liblz4)
+    if (PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+        pkg_search_module(LZ4 QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET liblz4)
+    endif()
     find_package_handle_standard_args(lz4
         REQUIRED_VARS LZ4_LINK_LIBRARIES
         VERSION_VAR LZ4_VERSION

externals/find-modules/Findzstd.cmake

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ if (zstd_FOUND)
     find_package_handle_standard_args(zstd CONFIG_MODE)
 else()
     find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
-    pkg_search_module(ZSTD QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET libzstd)
+    if (PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+        pkg_search_module(ZSTD QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET libzstd)
+    endif()
     find_package_handle_standard_args(zstd
         REQUIRED_VARS ZSTD_LINK_LIBRARIES
         VERSION_VAR ZSTD_VERSION

src/audio_core/device/audio_buffers.h

@@ -91,10 +91,9 @@ public:
      * @param core_timing - The CoreTiming instance
      * @param session     - The device session
      *
-     * @return If any buffer was released.
+     * @return Is the buffer was released.
      */
-    bool ReleaseBuffers(const Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing, const DeviceSession& session,
-                        bool force) {
+    bool ReleaseBuffers(const Core::Timing::CoreTiming& core_timing, const DeviceSession& session) {
         std::scoped_lock l{lock};
         bool buffer_released{false};
         while (registered_count > 0) {
@@ -104,8 +103,7 @@ public:
             }
 
             // Check with the backend if this buffer can be released yet.
-            // If we're shutting down, we don't care if it's been played or not.
-            if (!force && !session.IsBufferConsumed(buffers[index])) {
+            if (!session.IsBufferConsumed(buffers[index])) {
                 break;
             }
 

src/audio_core/device/device_session.cpp

@@ -73,12 +73,6 @@ void DeviceSession::Stop() {
     }
 }
 
-void DeviceSession::ClearBuffers() {
-    if (stream) {
-        stream->ClearQueue();
-    }
-}
-
 void DeviceSession::AppendBuffers(std::span<const AudioBuffer> buffers) const {
     for (const auto& buffer : buffers) {
         Sink::SinkBuffer new_buffer{

src/audio_core/device/device_session.h

@@ -90,11 +90,6 @@ public:
      */
     void Stop();
 
-    /**
-     * Clear out the underlying audio buffers in the backend stream.
-     */
-    void ClearBuffers();
-
     /**
      * Set this device session's volume.
      *

src/audio_core/in/audio_in_system.cpp

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ System::~System() {
 void System::Finalize() {
     Stop();
     session->Finalize();
+    buffer_event->Signal();
 }
 
 void System::StartSession() {
@@ -101,10 +102,6 @@ Result System::Stop() {
     if (state == State::Started) {
         session->Stop();
         session->SetVolume(0.0f);
-        session->ClearBuffers();
-        if (buffers.ReleaseBuffers(system.CoreTiming(), *session, true)) {
-            buffer_event->Signal();
-        }
         state = State::Stopped;
     }
 
@@ -141,7 +138,7 @@ void System::RegisterBuffers() {
 }
 
 void System::ReleaseBuffers() {
-    bool signal{buffers.ReleaseBuffers(system.CoreTiming(), *session, false)};
+    bool signal{buffers.ReleaseBuffers(system.CoreTiming(), *session)};
 
     if (signal) {
         // Signal if any buffer was released, or if none are registered, we need more.

src/audio_core/out/audio_out_system.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ System::~System() {
 void System::Finalize() {
     Stop();
     session->Finalize();
+    buffer_event->Signal();
 }
 
 std::string_view System::GetDefaultOutputDeviceName() const {
@@ -101,10 +102,6 @@ Result System::Stop() {
     if (state == State::Started) {
         session->Stop();
         session->SetVolume(0.0f);
-        session->ClearBuffers();
-        if (buffers.ReleaseBuffers(system.CoreTiming(), *session, true)) {
-            buffer_event->Signal();
-        }
         state = State::Stopped;
     }
 
@@ -141,7 +138,7 @@ void System::RegisterBuffers() {
 }
 
 void System::ReleaseBuffers() {
-    bool signal{buffers.ReleaseBuffers(system.CoreTiming(), *session, false)};
+    bool signal{buffers.ReleaseBuffers(system.CoreTiming(), *session)};
     if (signal) {
         // Signal if any buffer was released, or if none are registered, we need more.
         buffer_event->Signal();

src/common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     logging/types.h
     lz4_compression.cpp
     lz4_compression.h
-    make_unique_for_overwrite.h
     math_util.h
     memory_detect.cpp
     memory_detect.h
@@ -102,7 +101,6 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/scm_rev.cpp
     scm_rev.h
     scope_exit.h
-    scratch_buffer.h
     settings.cpp
     settings.h
     settings_input.cpp

src/common/assert.h

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ void assert_fail_impl();
 #define ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(_a_, _b_)                                                                \
     do {                                                                                           \
         ASSERT(_a_);                                                                               \
-        if (!(_a_)) [[unlikely]] {                                                                 \
+        if (!(_a_)) {                                                                              \
             _b_                                                                                    \
         }                                                                                          \
     } while (0)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ void assert_fail_impl();
 #define ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(_a_, _b_, ...)                                                       \
     do {                                                                                           \
         ASSERT_MSG(_a_, __VA_ARGS__);                                                              \
-        if (!(_a_)) [[unlikely]] {                                                                 \
+        if (!(_a_)) {                                                                              \
             _b_                                                                                    \
         }                                                                                          \
     } while (0)

src/common/make_unique_for_overwrite.h

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-namespace Common {
-
-template <class T>
-requires(!std::is_array_v<T>) std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique_for_overwrite() {
-    return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T);
-}
-
-template <class T>
-requires std::is_unbounded_array_v<T> std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique_for_overwrite(std::size_t n) {
-    return std::unique_ptr<T>(new std::remove_extent_t<T>[n]);
-}
-
-template <class T, class... Args>
-requires std::is_bounded_array_v<T>
-void make_unique_for_overwrite(Args&&...) = delete;
-
-} // namespace Common

src/common/scratch_buffer.h

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "common/make_unique_for_overwrite.h"
-
-namespace Common {
-
-/**
- * ScratchBuffer class
- * This class creates a default initialized heap allocated buffer for cases such as intermediate
- * buffers being copied into entirely, where value initializing members during allocation or resize
- * is redundant.
- */
-template <typename T>
-class ScratchBuffer {
-public:
-    ScratchBuffer() = default;
-
-    explicit ScratchBuffer(size_t initial_capacity)
-        : last_requested_size{initial_capacity}, buffer_capacity{initial_capacity},
-          buffer{Common::make_unique_for_overwrite<T[]>(initial_capacity)} {}
-
-    ~ScratchBuffer() = default;
-
-    /// This will only grow the buffer's capacity if size is greater than the current capacity.
-    /// The previously held data will remain intact.
-    void resize(size_t size) {
-        if (size > buffer_capacity) {
-            auto new_buffer = Common::make_unique_for_overwrite<T[]>(size);
-            std::move(buffer.get(), buffer.get() + buffer_capacity, new_buffer.get());
-            buffer = std::move(new_buffer);
-            buffer_capacity = size;
-        }
-        last_requested_size = size;
-    }
-
-    /// This will only grow the buffer's capacity if size is greater than the current capacity.
-    /// The previously held data will be destroyed if a reallocation occurs.
-    void resize_destructive(size_t size) {
-        if (size > buffer_capacity) {
-            buffer_capacity = size;
-            buffer = Common::make_unique_for_overwrite<T[]>(buffer_capacity);
-        }
-        last_requested_size = size;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] T* data() noexcept {
-        return buffer.get();
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] const T* data() const noexcept {
-        return buffer.get();
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] T* begin() noexcept {
-        return data();
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] const T* begin() const noexcept {
-        return data();
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] T* end() noexcept {
-        return data() + last_requested_size;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] const T* end() const noexcept {
-        return data() + last_requested_size;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] T& operator[](size_t i) {
-        return buffer[i];
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] const T& operator[](size_t i) const {
-        return buffer[i];
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] size_t size() const noexcept {
-        return last_requested_size;
-    }
-
-    [[nodiscard]] size_t capacity() const noexcept {
-        return buffer_capacity;
-    }
-
-private:
-    size_t last_requested_size{};
-    size_t buffer_capacity{};
-    std::unique_ptr<T[]> buffer{};
-};
-
-} // namespace Common

src/common/settings.cpp

@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ void LogSettings() {
     LOG_INFO(Config, "yuzu Configuration:");
     log_setting("Controls_UseDockedMode", values.use_docked_mode.GetValue());
     log_setting("System_RngSeed", values.rng_seed.GetValue().value_or(0));
-    log_setting("System_DeviceName", values.device_name.GetValue());
     log_setting("System_CurrentUser", values.current_user.GetValue());
     log_setting("System_LanguageIndex", values.language_index.GetValue());
     log_setting("System_RegionIndex", values.region_index.GetValue());

src/common/settings.h

@@ -458,7 +458,6 @@ struct Values {
 
     // System
     SwitchableSetting<std::optional<u32>> rng_seed{std::optional<u32>(), "rng_seed"};
-    Setting<std::string> device_name{"Yuzu", "device_name"};
     // Measured in seconds since epoch
     std::optional<s64> custom_rtc;
     // Set on game boot, reset on stop. Seconds difference between current time and `custom_rtc`

src/common/string_util.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ std::string ToUpper(std::string str) {
     return str;
 }
 
-std::string StringFromBuffer(std::span<const u8> data) {
+std::string StringFromBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
     return std::string(data.begin(), std::find(data.begin(), data.end(), '\0'));
 }
 

src/common/string_util.h

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstddef>
-#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Common {
 /// Make a string uppercase
 [[nodiscard]] std::string ToUpper(std::string str);
 
-[[nodiscard]] std::string StringFromBuffer(std::span<const u8> data);
+[[nodiscard]] std::string StringFromBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& data);
 
 [[nodiscard]] std::string StripSpaces(const std::string& s);
 [[nodiscard]] std::string StripQuotes(const std::string& s);

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -201,9 +201,6 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/kernel/k_event_info.h
     hle/kernel/k_handle_table.cpp
     hle/kernel/k_handle_table.h
-    hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer_base.h
-    hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.cpp
-    hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.h
     hle/kernel/k_interrupt_manager.cpp
     hle/kernel/k_interrupt_manager.h
     hle/kernel/k_light_condition_variable.cpp
@@ -271,7 +268,6 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/kernel/k_thread_local_page.h
     hle/kernel/k_thread_queue.cpp
     hle/kernel/k_thread_queue.h
-    hle/kernel/k_timer_task.h
     hle/kernel/k_trace.h
     hle/kernel/k_transfer_memory.cpp
     hle/kernel/k_transfer_memory.h
@@ -294,6 +290,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/kernel/svc_common.h
     hle/kernel/svc_types.h
     hle/kernel/svc_wrap.h
+    hle/kernel/time_manager.cpp
+    hle/kernel/time_manager.h
     hle/result.h
     hle/service/acc/acc.cpp
     hle/service/acc/acc.h

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -183,20 +183,26 @@ struct System::Impl {
         Initialize(system);
     }
 
-    void Run() {
+    SystemResultStatus Run() {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(suspend_guard);
+        status = SystemResultStatus::Success;
 
         kernel.Suspend(false);
         core_timing.SyncPause(false);
         is_paused.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+        return status;
     }
 
-    void Pause() {
+    SystemResultStatus Pause() {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(suspend_guard);
+        status = SystemResultStatus::Success;
 
         core_timing.SyncPause(true);
         kernel.Suspend(true);
         is_paused.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+
+        return status;
     }
 
     bool IsPaused() const {
@@ -547,12 +553,12 @@ void System::Initialize() {
     impl->Initialize(*this);
 }
 
-void System::Run() {
-    impl->Run();
+SystemResultStatus System::Run() {
+    return impl->Run();
 }
 
-void System::Pause() {
-    impl->Pause();
+SystemResultStatus System::Pause() {
+    return impl->Pause();
 }
 
 bool System::IsPaused() const {

src/core/core.h

@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ public:
      * Run the OS and Application
      * This function will start emulation and run the relevant devices
      */
-    void Run();
+    [[nodiscard]] SystemResultStatus Run();
 
     /**
      * Pause the OS and Application
      * This function will pause emulation and stop the relevant devices
      */
-    void Pause();
+    [[nodiscard]] SystemResultStatus Pause();
 
     /// Check if the core is currently paused.
     [[nodiscard]] bool IsPaused() const;

src/core/frontend/emu_window.h

@@ -131,10 +131,6 @@ public:
         return active_config;
     }
 
-    bool StrictContextRequired() const {
-        return strict_context_required;
-    }
-
     /**
      * Requests the internal configuration to be replaced by the specified argument at some point in
      * the future.
@@ -211,8 +207,6 @@ protected:
 
     WindowSystemInfo window_info;
 
-    bool strict_context_required = false;
-
 private:
     /**
      * Handler called when the minimal client area was requested to be changed via SetConfig.

src/core/hid/emulated_controller.cpp

@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ void EmulatedController::LoadDevices() {
     output_params[3].Set("output", true);
 
     LoadTASParams();
-    LoadVirtualGamepadParams();
 
     std::ranges::transform(button_params, button_devices.begin(), Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
     std::ranges::transform(stick_params, stick_devices.begin(), Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
@@ -164,12 +163,6 @@ void EmulatedController::LoadDevices() {
                            Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
     std::ranges::transform(tas_stick_params, tas_stick_devices.begin(),
                            Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
-
-    // Initialize virtual gamepad devices
-    std::ranges::transform(virtual_button_params, virtual_button_devices.begin(),
-                           Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
-    std::ranges::transform(virtual_stick_params, virtual_stick_devices.begin(),
-                           Common::Input::CreateInputDevice);
 }
 
 void EmulatedController::LoadTASParams() {
@@ -212,46 +205,6 @@ void EmulatedController::LoadTASParams() {
     tas_stick_params[Settings::NativeAnalog::RStick].Set("axis_y", 3);
 }
 
-void EmulatedController::LoadVirtualGamepadParams() {
-    const auto player_index = NpadIdTypeToIndex(npad_id_type);
-    Common::ParamPackage common_params{};
-    common_params.Set("engine", "virtual_gamepad");
-    common_params.Set("port", static_cast<int>(player_index));
-    for (auto& param : virtual_button_params) {
-        param = common_params;
-    }
-    for (auto& param : virtual_stick_params) {
-        param = common_params;
-    }
-
-    // TODO(german77): Replace this with an input profile or something better
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::A].Set("button", 0);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::B].Set("button", 1);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::X].Set("button", 2);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::Y].Set("button", 3);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::LStick].Set("button", 4);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::RStick].Set("button", 5);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::L].Set("button", 6);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::R].Set("button", 7);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::ZL].Set("button", 8);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::ZR].Set("button", 9);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::Plus].Set("button", 10);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::Minus].Set("button", 11);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::DLeft].Set("button", 12);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::DUp].Set("button", 13);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::DRight].Set("button", 14);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::DDown].Set("button", 15);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::SL].Set("button", 16);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::SR].Set("button", 17);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::Home].Set("button", 18);
-    virtual_button_params[Settings::NativeButton::Screenshot].Set("button", 19);
-
-    virtual_stick_params[Settings::NativeAnalog::LStick].Set("axis_x", 0);
-    virtual_stick_params[Settings::NativeAnalog::LStick].Set("axis_y", 1);
-    virtual_stick_params[Settings::NativeAnalog::RStick].Set("axis_x", 2);
-    virtual_stick_params[Settings::NativeAnalog::RStick].Set("axis_y", 3);
-}
-
 void EmulatedController::ReloadInput() {
     // If you load any device here add the equivalent to the UnloadInput() function
     LoadDevices();
@@ -369,35 +322,6 @@ void EmulatedController::ReloadInput() {
                 },
         });
     }
-
-    // Use a common UUID for Virtual Gamepad
-    static constexpr Common::UUID VIRTUAL_UUID = Common::UUID{
-        {0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7, 0xFF, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}};
-
-    // Register virtual devices. No need to force update
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < virtual_button_devices.size(); ++index) {
-        if (!virtual_button_devices[index]) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        virtual_button_devices[index]->SetCallback({
-            .on_change =
-                [this, index](const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) {
-                    SetButton(callback, index, VIRTUAL_UUID);
-                },
-        });
-    }
-
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < virtual_stick_devices.size(); ++index) {
-        if (!virtual_stick_devices[index]) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        virtual_stick_devices[index]->SetCallback({
-            .on_change =
-                [this, index](const Common::Input::CallbackStatus& callback) {
-                    SetStick(callback, index, VIRTUAL_UUID);
-                },
-        });
-    }
 }
 
 void EmulatedController::UnloadInput() {
@@ -425,12 +349,6 @@ void EmulatedController::UnloadInput() {
     for (auto& stick : tas_stick_devices) {
         stick.reset();
     }
-    for (auto& button : virtual_button_devices) {
-        button.reset();
-    }
-    for (auto& stick : virtual_stick_devices) {
-        stick.reset();
-    }
     camera_devices.reset();
     nfc_devices.reset();
 }

src/core/hid/emulated_controller.h

@@ -385,9 +385,6 @@ private:
     /// Set the params for TAS devices
     void LoadTASParams();
 
-    /// Set the params for virtual pad devices
-    void LoadVirtualGamepadParams();
-
     /**
      * @param use_temporary_value If true tmp_npad_type will be used
      * @return true if the controller style is fullkey
@@ -503,12 +500,6 @@ private:
     ButtonDevices tas_button_devices;
     StickDevices tas_stick_devices;
 
-    // Virtual gamepad related variables
-    ButtonParams virtual_button_params;
-    StickParams virtual_stick_params;
-    ButtonDevices virtual_button_devices;
-    StickDevices virtual_stick_devices;
-
     mutable std::mutex mutex;
     mutable std::mutex callback_mutex;
     std::unordered_map<int, ControllerUpdateCallback> callback_list;

src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "common/scratch_buffer.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_auto_object.h"
@@ -168,9 +167,6 @@ void HLERequestContext::ParseCommandBuffer(const KHandleTable& handle_table, u32
         }
         if (incoming) {
             // Populate the object lists with the data in the IPC request.
-            incoming_copy_handles.reserve(handle_descriptor_header->num_handles_to_copy);
-            incoming_move_handles.reserve(handle_descriptor_header->num_handles_to_move);
-
             for (u32 handle = 0; handle < handle_descriptor_header->num_handles_to_copy; ++handle) {
                 incoming_copy_handles.push_back(rp.Pop<Handle>());
             }
@@ -185,11 +181,6 @@ void HLERequestContext::ParseCommandBuffer(const KHandleTable& handle_table, u32
         }
     }
 
-    buffer_x_desciptors.reserve(command_header->num_buf_x_descriptors);
-    buffer_a_desciptors.reserve(command_header->num_buf_a_descriptors);
-    buffer_b_desciptors.reserve(command_header->num_buf_b_descriptors);
-    buffer_w_desciptors.reserve(command_header->num_buf_w_descriptors);
-
     for (u32 i = 0; i < command_header->num_buf_x_descriptors; ++i) {
         buffer_x_desciptors.push_back(rp.PopRaw<IPC::BufferDescriptorX>());
     }
@@ -326,51 +317,26 @@ Result HLERequestContext::WriteToOutgoingCommandBuffer(KThread& requesting_threa
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
-std::vector<u8> HLERequestContext::ReadBufferCopy(std::size_t buffer_index) const {
+std::vector<u8> HLERequestContext::ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index) const {
+    std::vector<u8> buffer{};
     const bool is_buffer_a{BufferDescriptorA().size() > buffer_index &&
                            BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Size()};
+
     if (is_buffer_a) {
         ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
-            BufferDescriptorA().size() > buffer_index, { return {}; },
+            BufferDescriptorA().size() > buffer_index, { return buffer; },
             "BufferDescriptorA invalid buffer_index {}", buffer_index);
-        std::vector<u8> buffer(BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Size());
+        buffer.resize(BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Size());
         memory.ReadBlock(BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Address(), buffer.data(), buffer.size());
-        return buffer;
     } else {
         ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
-            BufferDescriptorX().size() > buffer_index, { return {}; },
+            BufferDescriptorX().size() > buffer_index, { return buffer; },
             "BufferDescriptorX invalid buffer_index {}", buffer_index);
-        std::vector<u8> buffer(BufferDescriptorX()[buffer_index].Size());
+        buffer.resize(BufferDescriptorX()[buffer_index].Size());
         memory.ReadBlock(BufferDescriptorX()[buffer_index].Address(), buffer.data(), buffer.size());
-        return buffer;
     }
-}
 
-std::span<const u8> HLERequestContext::ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index) const {
-    static thread_local std::array<Common::ScratchBuffer<u8>, 2> read_buffer_a;
-    static thread_local std::array<Common::ScratchBuffer<u8>, 2> read_buffer_x;
-
-    const bool is_buffer_a{BufferDescriptorA().size() > buffer_index &&
-                           BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Size()};
-    if (is_buffer_a) {
-        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
-            BufferDescriptorA().size() > buffer_index, { return {}; },
-            "BufferDescriptorA invalid buffer_index {}", buffer_index);
-        auto& read_buffer = read_buffer_a[buffer_index];
-        read_buffer.resize_destructive(BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Size());
-        memory.ReadBlock(BufferDescriptorA()[buffer_index].Address(), read_buffer.data(),
-                         read_buffer.size());
-        return read_buffer;
-    } else {
-        ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE_MSG(
-            BufferDescriptorX().size() > buffer_index, { return {}; },
-            "BufferDescriptorX invalid buffer_index {}", buffer_index);
-        auto& read_buffer = read_buffer_x[buffer_index];
-        read_buffer.resize_destructive(BufferDescriptorX()[buffer_index].Size());
-        memory.ReadBlock(BufferDescriptorX()[buffer_index].Address(), read_buffer.data(),
-                         read_buffer.size());
-        return read_buffer;
-    }
+    return buffer;
 }
 
 std::size_t HLERequestContext::WriteBuffer(const void* buffer, std::size_t size,

src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
-#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
@@ -271,11 +270,8 @@ public:
         return domain_message_header.has_value();
     }
 
-    /// Helper function to get a span of a buffer using the appropriate buffer descriptor
-    [[nodiscard]] std::span<const u8> ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index = 0) const;
-
-    /// Helper function to read a copy of a buffer using the appropriate buffer descriptor
-    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<u8> ReadBufferCopy(std::size_t buffer_index = 0) const;
+    /// Helper function to read a buffer using the appropriate buffer descriptor
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<u8> ReadBuffer(std::size_t buffer_index = 0) const;
 
     /// Helper function to write a buffer using the appropriate buffer descriptor
     std::size_t WriteBuffer(const void* buffer, std::size_t size,

src/core/hle/kernel/k_address_arbiter.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread_queue.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc_results.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/time_manager.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {

src/core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.cpp

@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/core_timing.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_scheduler.h"
-
-namespace Kernel {
-
-void KHardwareTimer::Initialize() {
-    // Create the timing callback to register with CoreTiming.
-    m_event_type = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
-        "KHardwareTimer::Callback", [](std::uintptr_t timer_handle, s64, std::chrono::nanoseconds) {
-            reinterpret_cast<KHardwareTimer*>(timer_handle)->DoTask();
-            return std::nullopt;
-        });
-}
-
-void KHardwareTimer::Finalize() {
-    this->DisableInterrupt();
-    m_event_type.reset();
-}
-
-void KHardwareTimer::DoTask() {
-    // Handle the interrupt.
-    {
-        KScopedSchedulerLock slk{m_kernel};
-        KScopedSpinLock lk(this->GetLock());
-
-        //! Ignore this event if needed.
-        if (!this->GetInterruptEnabled()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Disable the timer interrupt while we handle this.
-        this->DisableInterrupt();
-
-        if (const s64 next_time = this->DoInterruptTaskImpl(GetTick());
-            0 < next_time && next_time <= m_wakeup_time) {
-            // We have a next time, so we should set the time to interrupt and turn the interrupt
-            // on.
-            this->EnableInterrupt(next_time);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Clear the timer interrupt.
-    // Kernel::GetInterruptManager().ClearInterrupt(KInterruptName_NonSecurePhysicalTimer,
-    //                                              GetCurrentCoreId());
-}
-
-void KHardwareTimer::EnableInterrupt(s64 wakeup_time) {
-    this->DisableInterrupt();
-
-    m_wakeup_time = wakeup_time;
-    m_kernel.System().CoreTiming().ScheduleEvent(std::chrono::nanoseconds{m_wakeup_time},
-                                                 m_event_type, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this),
-                                                 true);
-}
-
-void KHardwareTimer::DisableInterrupt() {
-    m_kernel.System().CoreTiming().UnscheduleEvent(m_event_type, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(this));
-    m_wakeup_time = std::numeric_limits<s64>::max();
-}
-
-s64 KHardwareTimer::GetTick() const {
-    return m_kernel.System().CoreTiming().GetGlobalTimeNs().count();
-}
-
-bool KHardwareTimer::GetInterruptEnabled() {
-    return m_wakeup_time != std::numeric_limits<s64>::max();
-}
-
-} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.h

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer_base.h"
-
-namespace Core::Timing {
-struct EventType;
-} // namespace Core::Timing
-
-namespace Kernel {
-
-class KHardwareTimer : /* public KInterruptTask, */ public KHardwareTimerBase {
-public:
-    explicit KHardwareTimer(KernelCore& kernel) : KHardwareTimerBase{kernel} {}
-
-    // Public API.
-    void Initialize();
-    void Finalize();
-
-    s64 GetCount() const {
-        return GetTick();
-    }
-
-    void RegisterTask(KTimerTask* task, s64 time_from_now) {
-        this->RegisterAbsoluteTask(task, GetTick() + time_from_now);
-    }
-
-    void RegisterAbsoluteTask(KTimerTask* task, s64 task_time) {
-        KScopedDisableDispatch dd{m_kernel};
-        KScopedSpinLock lk{this->GetLock()};
-
-        if (this->RegisterAbsoluteTaskImpl(task, task_time)) {
-            if (task_time <= m_wakeup_time) {
-                this->EnableInterrupt(task_time);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-private:
-    void EnableInterrupt(s64 wakeup_time);
-    void DisableInterrupt();
-    bool GetInterruptEnabled();
-    s64 GetTick() const;
-    void DoTask();
-
-private:
-    // Absolute time in nanoseconds
-    s64 m_wakeup_time{std::numeric_limits<s64>::max()};
-    std::shared_ptr<Core::Timing::EventType> m_event_type{};
-};
-
-} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer_base.h

@@ -1,92 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_spin_lock.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_timer_task.h"
-
-namespace Kernel {
-
-class KHardwareTimerBase {
-public:
-    explicit KHardwareTimerBase(KernelCore& kernel) : m_kernel{kernel} {}
-
-    void CancelTask(KTimerTask* task) {
-        KScopedDisableDispatch dd{m_kernel};
-        KScopedSpinLock lk{m_lock};
-
-        if (const s64 task_time = task->GetTime(); task_time > 0) {
-            this->RemoveTaskFromTree(task);
-        }
-    }
-
-protected:
-    KSpinLock& GetLock() {
-        return m_lock;
-    }
-
-    s64 DoInterruptTaskImpl(s64 cur_time) {
-        // We want to handle all tasks, returning the next time that a task is scheduled.
-        while (true) {
-            // Get the next task. If there isn't one, return 0.
-            KTimerTask* task = m_next_task;
-            if (task == nullptr) {
-                return 0;
-            }
-
-            // If the task needs to be done in the future, do it in the future and not now.
-            if (const s64 task_time = task->GetTime(); task_time > cur_time) {
-                return task_time;
-            }
-
-            // Remove the task from the tree of tasks, and update our next task.
-            this->RemoveTaskFromTree(task);
-
-            // Handle the task.
-            task->OnTimer();
-        }
-    }
-
-    bool RegisterAbsoluteTaskImpl(KTimerTask* task, s64 task_time) {
-        ASSERT(task_time > 0);
-
-        // Set the task's time, and insert it into our tree.
-        task->SetTime(task_time);
-        m_task_tree.insert(*task);
-
-        // Update our next task if relevant.
-        if (m_next_task != nullptr && m_next_task->GetTime() <= task_time) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        m_next_task = task;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-private:
-    void RemoveTaskFromTree(KTimerTask* task) {
-        // Erase from the tree.
-        auto it = m_task_tree.erase(m_task_tree.iterator_to(*task));
-
-        // Clear the task's scheduled time.
-        task->SetTime(0);
-
-        // Update our next task if relevant.
-        if (m_next_task == task) {
-            m_next_task = (it != m_task_tree.end()) ? std::addressof(*it) : nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-
-protected:
-    KernelCore& m_kernel;
-
-private:
-    using TimerTaskTree = Common::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeBaseTraits<KTimerTask>::TreeType<KTimerTask>;
-
-    KSpinLock m_lock{};
-    TimerTaskTree m_task_tree{};
-    KTimerTask* m_next_task{};
-};
-
-} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.cpp

@@ -285,17 +285,6 @@ void KProcess::UnregisterThread(KThread* thread) {
     thread_list.remove(thread);
 }
 
-u64 KProcess::GetFreeThreadCount() const {
-    if (resource_limit != nullptr) {
-        const auto current_value =
-            resource_limit->GetCurrentValue(LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax);
-        const auto limit_value = resource_limit->GetLimitValue(LimitableResource::ThreadCountMax);
-        return limit_value - current_value;
-    } else {
-        return 0;
-    }
-}
-
 Result KProcess::Reset() {
     // Lock the process and the scheduler.
     KScopedLightLock lk(state_lock);

src/core/hle/kernel/k_process.h

@@ -304,9 +304,6 @@ public:
     /// from this process' thread list.
     void UnregisterThread(KThread* thread);
 
-    /// Retrieves the number of available threads for this process.
-    u64 GetFreeThreadCount() const;
-
     /// Clears the signaled state of the process if and only if it's signaled.
     ///
     /// @pre The process must not be already terminated. If this is called on a

src/core/hle/kernel/k_scoped_scheduler_lock_and_sleep.h

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/global_scheduler_context.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/time_manager.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ public:
     ~KScopedSchedulerLockAndSleep() {
         // Register the sleep.
         if (timeout_tick > 0) {
-            kernel.HardwareTimer().RegisterTask(thread, timeout_tick);
+            kernel.TimeManager().ScheduleTimeEvent(thread, timeout_tick);
         }
 
         // Unlock the scheduler.

src/core/hle/kernel/k_shared_memory.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_scoped_resource_reservation.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_shared_memory.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_system_resource.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc_results.h"
 
@@ -19,19 +18,19 @@ KSharedMemory::~KSharedMemory() {
 }
 
 Result KSharedMemory::Initialize(Core::DeviceMemory& device_memory_, KProcess* owner_process_,
-                                 Svc::MemoryPermission owner_permission_,
-                                 Svc::MemoryPermission user_permission_, std::size_t size_,
-                                 std::string name_) {
+                                 KPageGroup&& page_list_, Svc::MemoryPermission owner_permission_,
+                                 Svc::MemoryPermission user_permission_, PAddr physical_address_,
+                                 std::size_t size_, std::string name_) {
     // Set members.
     owner_process = owner_process_;
     device_memory = &device_memory_;
+    page_list = std::move(page_list_);
     owner_permission = owner_permission_;
     user_permission = user_permission_;
-    size = Common::AlignUp(size_, PageSize);
+    physical_address = physical_address_;
+    size = size_;
     name = std::move(name_);
 
-    const size_t num_pages = Common::DivideUp(size, PageSize);
-
     // Get the resource limit.
     KResourceLimit* reslimit = kernel.GetSystemResourceLimit();
 
@@ -40,17 +39,6 @@ Result KSharedMemory::Initialize(Core::DeviceMemory& device_memory_, KProcess* o
                                                   size_);
     R_UNLESS(memory_reservation.Succeeded(), ResultLimitReached);
 
-    // Allocate the memory.
-
-    //! HACK: Open continuous mapping from sysmodule pool.
-    auto option = KMemoryManager::EncodeOption(KMemoryManager::Pool::Secure,
-                                               KMemoryManager::Direction::FromBack);
-    physical_address = kernel.MemoryManager().AllocateAndOpenContinuous(num_pages, 1, option);
-    R_UNLESS(physical_address != 0, ResultOutOfMemory);
-
-    //! Insert the result into our page group.
-    page_group.emplace(physical_address, num_pages);
-
     // Commit our reservation.
     memory_reservation.Commit();
 
@@ -62,23 +50,12 @@ Result KSharedMemory::Initialize(Core::DeviceMemory& device_memory_, KProcess* o
     is_initialized = true;
 
     // Clear all pages in the memory.
-    for (const auto& block : page_group->Nodes()) {
-        std::memset(device_memory_.GetPointer<void>(block.GetAddress()), 0, block.GetSize());
-    }
+    std::memset(device_memory_.GetPointer<void>(physical_address_), 0, size_);
 
     return ResultSuccess;
 }
 
 void KSharedMemory::Finalize() {
-    // Close and finalize the page group.
-    // page_group->Close();
-    // page_group->Finalize();
-
-    //! HACK: Manually close.
-    for (const auto& block : page_group->Nodes()) {
-        kernel.MemoryManager().Close(block.GetAddress(), block.GetNumPages());
-    }
-
     // Release the memory reservation.
     resource_limit->Release(LimitableResource::PhysicalMemoryMax, size);
     resource_limit->Close();
@@ -88,28 +65,32 @@ void KSharedMemory::Finalize() {
 }
 
 Result KSharedMemory::Map(KProcess& target_process, VAddr address, std::size_t map_size,
-                          Svc::MemoryPermission map_perm) {
-    // Validate the size.
-    R_UNLESS(size == map_size, ResultInvalidSize);
+                          Svc::MemoryPermission permissions) {
+    const u64 page_count{(map_size + PageSize - 1) / PageSize};
 
-    // Validate the permission.
-    const Svc::MemoryPermission test_perm =
-        &target_process == owner_process ? owner_permission : user_permission;
-    if (test_perm == Svc::MemoryPermission::DontCare) {
-        ASSERT(map_perm == Svc::MemoryPermission::Read || map_perm == Svc::MemoryPermission::Write);
-    } else {
-        R_UNLESS(map_perm == test_perm, ResultInvalidNewMemoryPermission);
+    if (page_list.GetNumPages() != page_count) {
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Page count does not match");
     }
 
-    return target_process.PageTable().MapPages(address, *page_group, KMemoryState::Shared,
-                                               ConvertToKMemoryPermission(map_perm));
+    const Svc::MemoryPermission expected =
+        &target_process == owner_process ? owner_permission : user_permission;
+
+    if (permissions != expected) {
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Permission does not match");
+    }
+
+    return target_process.PageTable().MapPages(address, page_list, KMemoryState::Shared,
+                                               ConvertToKMemoryPermission(permissions));
 }
 
 Result KSharedMemory::Unmap(KProcess& target_process, VAddr address, std::size_t unmap_size) {
-    // Validate the size.
-    R_UNLESS(size == unmap_size, ResultInvalidSize);
+    const u64 page_count{(unmap_size + PageSize - 1) / PageSize};
 
-    return target_process.PageTable().UnmapPages(address, *page_group, KMemoryState::Shared);
+    if (page_list.GetNumPages() != page_count) {
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Page count does not match");
+    }
+
+    return target_process.PageTable().UnmapPages(address, page_list, KMemoryState::Shared);
 }
 
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/k_shared_memory.h

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -27,8 +26,9 @@ public:
     ~KSharedMemory() override;
 
     Result Initialize(Core::DeviceMemory& device_memory_, KProcess* owner_process_,
-                      Svc::MemoryPermission owner_permission_,
-                      Svc::MemoryPermission user_permission_, std::size_t size_, std::string name_);
+                      KPageGroup&& page_list_, Svc::MemoryPermission owner_permission_,
+                      Svc::MemoryPermission user_permission_, PAddr physical_address_,
+                      std::size_t size_, std::string name_);
 
     /**
      * Maps a shared memory block to an address in the target process' address space
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public:
 private:
     Core::DeviceMemory* device_memory{};
     KProcess* owner_process{};
-    std::optional<KPageGroup> page_group{};
+    KPageGroup page_list;
     Svc::MemoryPermission owner_permission{};
     Svc::MemoryPermission user_permission{};
     PAddr physical_address{};

src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_light_lock.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_spin_lock.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_synchronization_object.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_timer_task.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_worker_task.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/slab_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc_common.h"
@@ -113,8 +112,7 @@ void SetCurrentThread(KernelCore& kernel, KThread* thread);
 [[nodiscard]] s32 GetCurrentCoreId(KernelCore& kernel);
 
 class KThread final : public KAutoObjectWithSlabHeapAndContainer<KThread, KWorkerTask>,
-                      public boost::intrusive::list_base_hook<>,
-                      public KTimerTask {
+                      public boost::intrusive::list_base_hook<> {
     KERNEL_AUTOOBJECT_TRAITS(KThread, KSynchronizationObject);
 
 private:
@@ -842,8 +840,4 @@ private:
     KernelCore& kernel;
 };
 
-inline void KTimerTask::OnTimer() {
-    static_cast<KThread*>(this)->OnTimer();
-}
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread_queue.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread_queue.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/time_manager.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ void KThreadQueue::EndWait(KThread* waiting_thread, Result wait_result) {
     waiting_thread->ClearWaitQueue();
 
     // Cancel the thread task.
-    kernel.HardwareTimer().CancelTask(waiting_thread);
+    kernel.TimeManager().UnscheduleTimeEvent(waiting_thread);
 }
 
 void KThreadQueue::CancelWait(KThread* waiting_thread, Result wait_result, bool cancel_timer_task) {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void KThreadQueue::CancelWait(KThread* waiting_thread, Result wait_result, bool
 
     // Cancel the thread task.
     if (cancel_timer_task) {
-        kernel.HardwareTimer().CancelTask(waiting_thread);
+        kernel.TimeManager().UnscheduleTimeEvent(waiting_thread);
     }
 }
 

src/core/hle/kernel/k_timer_task.h

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2022 yuzu Emulator Project
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "common/intrusive_red_black_tree.h"
-
-namespace Kernel {
-
-class KTimerTask : public Common::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeBaseNode<KTimerTask> {
-public:
-    static constexpr int Compare(const KTimerTask& lhs, const KTimerTask& rhs) {
-        if (lhs.GetTime() < rhs.GetTime()) {
-            return -1;
-        } else {
-            return 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    constexpr explicit KTimerTask() = default;
-
-    constexpr void SetTime(s64 t) {
-        m_time = t;
-    }
-
-    constexpr s64 GetTime() const {
-        return m_time;
-    }
-
-    // NOTE: This is virtual in Nintendo's kernel. Prior to 13.0.0, KWaitObject was also a
-    // TimerTask; this is no longer the case. Since this is now KThread exclusive, we have
-    // devirtualized (see inline declaration for this inside k_thread.h).
-    void OnTimer();
-
-private:
-    // Absolute time in nanoseconds
-    s64 m_time{};
-};
-
-} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_client_port.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_dynamic_resource_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_handle_table.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/k_hardware_timer.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_memory_layout.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_memory_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/k_page_buffer.h"
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/physical_core.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/service_thread.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/time_manager.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
     static constexpr size_t ReservedDynamicPageCount = 64;
 
     explicit Impl(Core::System& system_, KernelCore& kernel_)
-        : service_threads_manager{1, "ServiceThreadsManager"},
+        : time_manager{system_}, service_threads_manager{1, "ServiceThreadsManager"},
           service_thread_barrier{2}, system{system_} {}
 
     void SetMulticore(bool is_multi) {
@@ -63,9 +63,6 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
     }
 
     void Initialize(KernelCore& kernel) {
-        hardware_timer = std::make_unique<Kernel::KHardwareTimer>(kernel);
-        hardware_timer->Initialize();
-
         global_object_list_container = std::make_unique<KAutoObjectWithListContainer>(kernel);
         global_scheduler_context = std::make_unique<Kernel::GlobalSchedulerContext>(kernel);
         global_handle_table = std::make_unique<Kernel::KHandleTable>(kernel);
@@ -94,7 +91,6 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
                                        pt_heap_region.GetSize());
         }
 
-        InitializeHackSharedMemory();
         RegisterHostThread(nullptr);
 
         default_service_thread = &CreateServiceThread(kernel, "DefaultServiceThread");
@@ -197,9 +193,6 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
         // Ensure that the object list container is finalized and properly shutdown.
         global_object_list_container->Finalize();
         global_object_list_container.reset();
-
-        hardware_timer->Finalize();
-        hardware_timer.reset();
     }
 
     void CloseServices() {
@@ -727,14 +720,14 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
     }
 
     void InitializeMemoryLayout() {
+        const auto system_pool = memory_layout->GetKernelSystemPoolRegionPhysicalExtents();
+
         // Initialize the memory manager.
         memory_manager = std::make_unique<KMemoryManager>(system);
         const auto& management_region = memory_layout->GetPoolManagementRegion();
         ASSERT(management_region.GetEndAddress() != 0);
         memory_manager->Initialize(management_region.GetAddress(), management_region.GetSize());
-    }
 
-    void InitializeHackSharedMemory() {
         // Setup memory regions for emulated processes
         // TODO(bunnei): These should not be hardcoded regions initialized within the kernel
         constexpr std::size_t hid_size{0x40000};
@@ -743,23 +736,39 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
         constexpr std::size_t time_size{0x1000};
         constexpr std::size_t hidbus_size{0x1000};
 
+        const PAddr hid_phys_addr{system_pool.GetAddress()};
+        const PAddr font_phys_addr{system_pool.GetAddress() + hid_size};
+        const PAddr irs_phys_addr{system_pool.GetAddress() + hid_size + font_size};
+        const PAddr time_phys_addr{system_pool.GetAddress() + hid_size + font_size + irs_size};
+        const PAddr hidbus_phys_addr{system_pool.GetAddress() + hid_size + font_size + irs_size +
+                                     time_size};
+
         hid_shared_mem = KSharedMemory::Create(system.Kernel());
         font_shared_mem = KSharedMemory::Create(system.Kernel());
         irs_shared_mem = KSharedMemory::Create(system.Kernel());
         time_shared_mem = KSharedMemory::Create(system.Kernel());
         hidbus_shared_mem = KSharedMemory::Create(system.Kernel());
 
-        hid_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr, Svc::MemoryPermission::None,
-                                   Svc::MemoryPermission::Read, hid_size, "HID:SharedMemory");
-        font_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr, Svc::MemoryPermission::None,
-                                    Svc::MemoryPermission::Read, font_size, "Font:SharedMemory");
-        irs_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr, Svc::MemoryPermission::None,
-                                   Svc::MemoryPermission::Read, irs_size, "IRS:SharedMemory");
-        time_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr, Svc::MemoryPermission::None,
-                                    Svc::MemoryPermission::Read, time_size, "Time:SharedMemory");
-        hidbus_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr, Svc::MemoryPermission::None,
-                                      Svc::MemoryPermission::Read, hidbus_size,
-                                      "HidBus:SharedMemory");
+        hid_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr,
+                                   {hid_phys_addr, hid_size / PageSize},
+                                   Svc::MemoryPermission::None, Svc::MemoryPermission::Read,
+                                   hid_phys_addr, hid_size, "HID:SharedMemory");
+        font_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr,
+                                    {font_phys_addr, font_size / PageSize},
+                                    Svc::MemoryPermission::None, Svc::MemoryPermission::Read,
+                                    font_phys_addr, font_size, "Font:SharedMemory");
+        irs_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr,
+                                   {irs_phys_addr, irs_size / PageSize},
+                                   Svc::MemoryPermission::None, Svc::MemoryPermission::Read,
+                                   irs_phys_addr, irs_size, "IRS:SharedMemory");
+        time_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr,
+                                    {time_phys_addr, time_size / PageSize},
+                                    Svc::MemoryPermission::None, Svc::MemoryPermission::Read,
+                                    time_phys_addr, time_size, "Time:SharedMemory");
+        hidbus_shared_mem->Initialize(system.DeviceMemory(), nullptr,
+                                      {hidbus_phys_addr, hidbus_size / PageSize},
+                                      Svc::MemoryPermission::None, Svc::MemoryPermission::Read,
+                                      hidbus_phys_addr, hidbus_size, "HidBus:SharedMemory");
     }
 
     KClientPort* CreateNamedServicePort(std::string name) {
@@ -823,7 +832,7 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
     std::vector<KProcess*> process_list;
     std::atomic<KProcess*> current_process{};
     std::unique_ptr<Kernel::GlobalSchedulerContext> global_scheduler_context;
-    std::unique_ptr<Kernel::KHardwareTimer> hardware_timer;
+    Kernel::TimeManager time_manager;
 
     Init::KSlabResourceCounts slab_resource_counts{};
     KResourceLimit* system_resource_limit{};
@@ -1010,8 +1019,12 @@ Kernel::KScheduler* KernelCore::CurrentScheduler() {
     return impl->schedulers[core_id].get();
 }
 
-Kernel::KHardwareTimer& KernelCore::HardwareTimer() {
-    return *impl->hardware_timer;
+Kernel::TimeManager& KernelCore::TimeManager() {
+    return impl->time_manager;
+}
+
+const Kernel::TimeManager& KernelCore::TimeManager() const {
+    return impl->time_manager;
 }
 
 Core::ExclusiveMonitor& KernelCore::GetExclusiveMonitor() {

src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ class KDynamicPageManager;
 class KEvent;
 class KEventInfo;
 class KHandleTable;
-class KHardwareTimer;
 class KLinkedListNode;
 class KMemoryLayout;
 class KMemoryManager;
@@ -64,6 +63,7 @@ class KCodeMemory;
 class PhysicalCore;
 class ServiceThread;
 class Synchronization;
+class TimeManager;
 
 using ServiceInterfaceFactory =
     std::function<KClientPort&(Service::SM::ServiceManager&, Core::System&)>;
@@ -175,8 +175,11 @@ public:
     /// Gets the an instance of the current physical CPU core.
     const Kernel::PhysicalCore& CurrentPhysicalCore() const;
 
-    /// Gets the an instance of the hardware timer.
-    Kernel::KHardwareTimer& HardwareTimer();
+    /// Gets the an instance of the TimeManager Interface.
+    Kernel::TimeManager& TimeManager();
+
+    /// Gets the an instance of the TimeManager Interface.
+    const Kernel::TimeManager& TimeManager() const;
 
     /// Stops execution of 'id' core, in order to reschedule a new thread.
     void PrepareReschedule(std::size_t id);

src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp

@@ -784,29 +784,63 @@ static Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, u64 info_id, Handle han
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called info_id=0x{:X}, info_sub_id=0x{:X}, handle=0x{:08X}", info_id,
               info_sub_id, handle);
 
-    const auto info_id_type = static_cast<InfoType>(info_id);
+    enum class GetInfoType : u64 {
+        // 1.0.0+
+        AllowedCPUCoreMask = 0,
+        AllowedThreadPriorityMask = 1,
+        MapRegionBaseAddr = 2,
+        MapRegionSize = 3,
+        HeapRegionBaseAddr = 4,
+        HeapRegionSize = 5,
+        TotalPhysicalMemoryAvailable = 6,
+        TotalPhysicalMemoryUsed = 7,
+        IsCurrentProcessBeingDebugged = 8,
+        RegisterResourceLimit = 9,
+        IdleTickCount = 10,
+        RandomEntropy = 11,
+        ThreadTickCount = 0xF0000002,
+        // 2.0.0+
+        ASLRRegionBaseAddr = 12,
+        ASLRRegionSize = 13,
+        StackRegionBaseAddr = 14,
+        StackRegionSize = 15,
+        // 3.0.0+
+        SystemResourceSize = 16,
+        SystemResourceUsage = 17,
+        TitleId = 18,
+        // 4.0.0+
+        PrivilegedProcessId = 19,
+        // 5.0.0+
+        UserExceptionContextAddr = 20,
+        // 6.0.0+
+        TotalPhysicalMemoryAvailableWithoutSystemResource = 21,
+        TotalPhysicalMemoryUsedWithoutSystemResource = 22,
+
+        // Homebrew only
+        MesosphereCurrentProcess = 65001,
+    };
+
+    const auto info_id_type = static_cast<GetInfoType>(info_id);
 
     switch (info_id_type) {
-    case InfoType::CoreMask:
-    case InfoType::PriorityMask:
-    case InfoType::AliasRegionAddress:
-    case InfoType::AliasRegionSize:
-    case InfoType::HeapRegionAddress:
-    case InfoType::HeapRegionSize:
-    case InfoType::AslrRegionAddress:
-    case InfoType::AslrRegionSize:
-    case InfoType::StackRegionAddress:
-    case InfoType::StackRegionSize:
-    case InfoType::TotalMemorySize:
-    case InfoType::UsedMemorySize:
-    case InfoType::SystemResourceSizeTotal:
-    case InfoType::SystemResourceSizeUsed:
-    case InfoType::ProgramId:
-    case InfoType::UserExceptionContextAddress:
-    case InfoType::TotalNonSystemMemorySize:
-    case InfoType::UsedNonSystemMemorySize:
-    case InfoType::IsApplication:
-    case InfoType::FreeThreadCount: {
+    case GetInfoType::AllowedCPUCoreMask:
+    case GetInfoType::AllowedThreadPriorityMask:
+    case GetInfoType::MapRegionBaseAddr:
+    case GetInfoType::MapRegionSize:
+    case GetInfoType::HeapRegionBaseAddr:
+    case GetInfoType::HeapRegionSize:
+    case GetInfoType::ASLRRegionBaseAddr:
+    case GetInfoType::ASLRRegionSize:
+    case GetInfoType::StackRegionBaseAddr:
+    case GetInfoType::StackRegionSize:
+    case GetInfoType::TotalPhysicalMemoryAvailable:
+    case GetInfoType::TotalPhysicalMemoryUsed:
+    case GetInfoType::SystemResourceSize:
+    case GetInfoType::SystemResourceUsage:
+    case GetInfoType::TitleId:
+    case GetInfoType::UserExceptionContextAddr:
+    case GetInfoType::TotalPhysicalMemoryAvailableWithoutSystemResource:
+    case GetInfoType::TotalPhysicalMemoryUsedWithoutSystemResource: {
         if (info_sub_id != 0) {
             LOG_ERROR(Kernel_SVC, "Info sub id is non zero! info_id={}, info_sub_id={}", info_id,
                       info_sub_id);
@@ -822,83 +856,79 @@ static Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, u64 info_id, Handle han
         }
 
         switch (info_id_type) {
-        case InfoType::CoreMask:
+        case GetInfoType::AllowedCPUCoreMask:
             *result = process->GetCoreMask();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::PriorityMask:
+        case GetInfoType::AllowedThreadPriorityMask:
             *result = process->GetPriorityMask();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::AliasRegionAddress:
+        case GetInfoType::MapRegionBaseAddr:
             *result = process->PageTable().GetAliasRegionStart();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::AliasRegionSize:
+        case GetInfoType::MapRegionSize:
             *result = process->PageTable().GetAliasRegionSize();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::HeapRegionAddress:
+        case GetInfoType::HeapRegionBaseAddr:
             *result = process->PageTable().GetHeapRegionStart();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::HeapRegionSize:
+        case GetInfoType::HeapRegionSize:
             *result = process->PageTable().GetHeapRegionSize();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::AslrRegionAddress:
+        case GetInfoType::ASLRRegionBaseAddr:
             *result = process->PageTable().GetAliasCodeRegionStart();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::AslrRegionSize:
+        case GetInfoType::ASLRRegionSize:
             *result = process->PageTable().GetAliasCodeRegionSize();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::StackRegionAddress:
+        case GetInfoType::StackRegionBaseAddr:
             *result = process->PageTable().GetStackRegionStart();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::StackRegionSize:
+        case GetInfoType::StackRegionSize:
             *result = process->PageTable().GetStackRegionSize();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::TotalMemorySize:
+        case GetInfoType::TotalPhysicalMemoryAvailable:
             *result = process->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailable();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::UsedMemorySize:
+        case GetInfoType::TotalPhysicalMemoryUsed:
             *result = process->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsed();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::SystemResourceSizeTotal:
+        case GetInfoType::SystemResourceSize:
             *result = process->GetSystemResourceSize();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::SystemResourceSizeUsed:
+        case GetInfoType::SystemResourceUsage:
             LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC, "(STUBBED) Attempted to query system resource usage");
             *result = process->GetSystemResourceUsage();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::ProgramId:
+        case GetInfoType::TitleId:
             *result = process->GetProgramID();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::UserExceptionContextAddress:
+        case GetInfoType::UserExceptionContextAddr:
             *result = process->GetProcessLocalRegionAddress();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::TotalNonSystemMemorySize:
+        case GetInfoType::TotalPhysicalMemoryAvailableWithoutSystemResource:
             *result = process->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryAvailableWithoutSystemResource();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::UsedNonSystemMemorySize:
+        case GetInfoType::TotalPhysicalMemoryUsedWithoutSystemResource:
             *result = process->GetTotalPhysicalMemoryUsedWithoutSystemResource();
             return ResultSuccess;
 
-        case InfoType::FreeThreadCount:
-            *result = process->GetFreeThreadCount();
-            return ResultSuccess;
-
         default:
             break;
         }
@@ -907,11 +937,11 @@ static Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, u64 info_id, Handle han
         return ResultInvalidEnumValue;
     }
 
-    case InfoType::DebuggerAttached:
+    case GetInfoType::IsCurrentProcessBeingDebugged:
         *result = 0;
         return ResultSuccess;
 
-    case InfoType::ResourceLimit: {
+    case GetInfoType::RegisterResourceLimit: {
         if (handle != 0) {
             LOG_ERROR(Kernel, "Handle is non zero! handle={:08X}", handle);
             return ResultInvalidHandle;
@@ -939,7 +969,7 @@ static Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, u64 info_id, Handle han
         return ResultSuccess;
     }
 
-    case InfoType::RandomEntropy:
+    case GetInfoType::RandomEntropy:
         if (handle != 0) {
             LOG_ERROR(Kernel_SVC, "Process Handle is non zero, expected 0 result but got {:016X}",
                       handle);
@@ -955,13 +985,13 @@ static Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, u64 info_id, Handle han
         *result = system.Kernel().CurrentProcess()->GetRandomEntropy(info_sub_id);
         return ResultSuccess;
 
-    case InfoType::InitialProcessIdRange:
+    case GetInfoType::PrivilegedProcessId:
         LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC,
                     "(STUBBED) Attempted to query privileged process id bounds, returned 0");
         *result = 0;
         return ResultSuccess;
 
-    case InfoType::ThreadTickCount: {
+    case GetInfoType::ThreadTickCount: {
         constexpr u64 num_cpus = 4;
         if (info_sub_id != 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF && info_sub_id >= num_cpus) {
             LOG_ERROR(Kernel_SVC, "Core count is out of range, expected {} but got {}", num_cpus,
@@ -996,7 +1026,7 @@ static Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, u64 info_id, Handle han
         *result = out_ticks;
         return ResultSuccess;
     }
-    case InfoType::IdleTickCount: {
+    case GetInfoType::IdleTickCount: {
         // Verify the input handle is invalid.
         R_UNLESS(handle == InvalidHandle, ResultInvalidHandle);
 
@@ -1010,7 +1040,7 @@ static Result GetInfo(Core::System& system, u64* result, u64 info_id, Handle han
         *result = system.Kernel().CurrentScheduler()->GetIdleThread()->GetCpuTime();
         return ResultSuccess;
     }
-    case InfoType::MesosphereCurrentProcess: {
+    case GetInfoType::MesosphereCurrentProcess: {
         // Verify the input handle is invalid.
         R_UNLESS(handle == InvalidHandle, ResultInvalidHandle);
 

src/core/hle/kernel/time_manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_timing.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_scheduler.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/time_manager.h"
+
+namespace Kernel {
+
+TimeManager::TimeManager(Core::System& system_) : system{system_} {
+    time_manager_event_type = Core::Timing::CreateEvent(
+        "Kernel::TimeManagerCallback",
+        [this](std::uintptr_t thread_handle, s64 time,
+               std::chrono::nanoseconds) -> std::optional<std::chrono::nanoseconds> {
+            KThread* thread = reinterpret_cast<KThread*>(thread_handle);
+            {
+                KScopedSchedulerLock sl(system.Kernel());
+                thread->OnTimer();
+            }
+            return std::nullopt;
+        });
+}
+
+void TimeManager::ScheduleTimeEvent(KThread* thread, s64 nanoseconds) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+    if (nanoseconds > 0) {
+        ASSERT(thread);
+        ASSERT(thread->GetState() != ThreadState::Runnable);
+        system.CoreTiming().ScheduleEvent(std::chrono::nanoseconds{nanoseconds},
+                                          time_manager_event_type,
+                                          reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(thread));
+    }
+}
+
+void TimeManager::UnscheduleTimeEvent(KThread* thread) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{mutex};
+    system.CoreTiming().UnscheduleEvent(time_manager_event_type,
+                                        reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(thread));
+}
+
+} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/time_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace Core {
+class System;
+} // namespace Core
+
+namespace Core::Timing {
+struct EventType;
+} // namespace Core::Timing
+
+namespace Kernel {
+
+class KThread;
+
+/**
+ * The `TimeManager` takes care of scheduling time events on threads and executes their TimeUp
+ * method when the event is triggered.
+ */
+class TimeManager {
+public:
+    explicit TimeManager(Core::System& system);
+
+    /// Schedule a time event on `timetask` thread that will expire in 'nanoseconds'
+    void ScheduleTimeEvent(KThread* time_task, s64 nanoseconds);
+
+    /// Unschedule an existing time event
+    void UnscheduleTimeEvent(KThread* thread);
+
+private:
+    Core::System& system;
+    std::shared_ptr<Core::Timing::EventType> time_manager_event_type;
+    std::mutex mutex;
+};
+
+} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp

@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ void IStorageAccessor::Write(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
 
     const u64 offset{rp.Pop<u64>()};
-    const auto data{ctx.ReadBuffer()};
+    const std::vector<u8> data{ctx.ReadBuffer()};
     const std::size_t size{std::min<u64>(data.size(), backing.GetSize() - offset)};
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called, offset={}, size={}", offset, size);

src/core/hle/service/audio/audin_u.cpp

@@ -203,9 +203,8 @@ private:
 };
 
 AudInU::AudInU(Core::System& system_)
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "audin:u", ServiceThreadType::CreateNew},
-      service_context{system_, "AudInU"}, impl{std::make_unique<AudioCore::AudioIn::Manager>(
-                                              system_)} {
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "audin:u"}, service_context{system_, "AudInU"},
+      impl{std::make_unique<AudioCore::AudioIn::Manager>(system_)} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, &AudInU::ListAudioIns, "ListAudioIns"},

src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.cpp

@@ -26,9 +26,8 @@ public:
     explicit IAudioOut(Core::System& system_, AudioCore::AudioOut::Manager& manager,
                        size_t session_id, const std::string& device_name,
                        const AudioOutParameter& in_params, u32 handle, u64 applet_resource_user_id)
-        : ServiceFramework{system_, "IAudioOut", ServiceThreadType::CreateNew},
-          service_context{system_, "IAudioOut"}, event{service_context.CreateEvent(
-                                                     "AudioOutEvent")},
+        : ServiceFramework{system_, "IAudioOut"}, service_context{system_, "IAudioOut"},
+          event{service_context.CreateEvent("AudioOutEvent")},
           impl{std::make_shared<AudioCore::AudioOut::Out>(system_, manager, event, session_id)} {
 
         // clang-format off
@@ -221,9 +220,8 @@ private:
 };
 
 AudOutU::AudOutU(Core::System& system_)
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "audout:u", ServiceThreadType::CreateNew},
-      service_context{system_, "AudOutU"}, impl{std::make_unique<AudioCore::AudioOut::Manager>(
-                                               system_)} {
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "audout:u"}, service_context{system_, "AudOutU"},
+      impl{std::make_unique<AudioCore::AudioOut::Manager>(system_)} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
         {0, &AudOutU::ListAudioOuts, "ListAudioOuts"},

src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.cpp

@@ -35,10 +35,9 @@ public:
                             AudioCore::AudioRendererParameterInternal& params,
                             Kernel::KTransferMemory* transfer_memory, u64 transfer_memory_size,
                             u32 process_handle, u64 applet_resource_user_id, s32 session_id)
-        : ServiceFramework{system_, "IAudioRenderer", ServiceThreadType::CreateNew},
-          service_context{system_, "IAudioRenderer"}, rendered_event{service_context.CreateEvent(
-                                                          "IAudioRendererEvent")},
-          manager{manager_}, impl{std::make_unique<Renderer>(system_, manager, rendered_event)} {
+        : ServiceFramework{system_, "IAudioRenderer"}, service_context{system_, "IAudioRenderer"},
+          rendered_event{service_context.CreateEvent("IAudioRendererEvent")}, manager{manager_},
+          impl{std::make_unique<Renderer>(system_, manager, rendered_event)} {
         // clang-format off
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
             {0, &IAudioRenderer::GetSampleRate, "GetSampleRate"},
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ private:
     void RequestUpdate(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         LOG_TRACE(Service_Audio, "called");
 
-        const auto input{ctx.ReadBuffer(0)};
+        std::vector<u8> input{ctx.ReadBuffer(0)};
 
         // These buffers are written manually to avoid an issue with WriteBuffer throwing errors for
         // checking size 0. Performance size is 0 for most games.
@@ -243,10 +242,8 @@ class IAudioDevice final : public ServiceFramework<IAudioDevice> {
 public:
     explicit IAudioDevice(Core::System& system_, u64 applet_resource_user_id, u32 revision,
                           u32 device_num)
-        : ServiceFramework{system_, "IAudioDevice", ServiceThreadType::CreateNew},
-          service_context{system_, "IAudioDevice"}, impl{std::make_unique<AudioDevice>(
-                                                        system_, applet_resource_user_id,
-                                                        revision)},
+        : ServiceFramework{system_, "IAudioDevice"}, service_context{system_, "IAudioDevice"},
+          impl{std::make_unique<AudioDevice>(system_, applet_resource_user_id, revision)},
           event{service_context.CreateEvent(fmt::format("IAudioDeviceEvent-{}", device_num))} {
         static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {
             {0, &IAudioDevice::ListAudioDeviceName, "ListAudioDeviceName"},
@@ -421,7 +418,7 @@ private:
 };
 
 AudRenU::AudRenU(Core::System& system_)
-    : ServiceFramework{system_, "audren:u", ServiceThreadType::CreateNew},
+    : ServiceFramework{system_, "audren:u"},
       service_context{system_, "audren:u"}, impl{std::make_unique<Manager>(system_)} {
     // clang-format off
     static const FunctionInfo functions[] = {

src/core/hle/service/audio/hwopus.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ private:
         ctx.WriteBuffer(samples);
     }
 
-    bool DecodeOpusData(u32& consumed, u32& sample_count, std::span<const u8> input,
+    bool DecodeOpusData(u32& consumed, u32& sample_count, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                         std::vector<opus_int16>& output, u64* out_performance_time) const {
         const auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
         const std::size_t raw_output_sz = output.size() * sizeof(opus_int16);

src/core/hle/service/es/es.cpp

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ private:
 
     void ImportTicket(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         const auto ticket = ctx.ReadBuffer();
-        [[maybe_unused]] const auto cert = ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
+        const auto cert = ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
 
         if (ticket.size() < sizeof(Core::Crypto::Ticket)) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_ETicket, "The input buffer is not large enough!");

src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_srv.cpp

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ private:
             return;
         }
 
-        const auto data = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+        const std::vector<u8> data = ctx.ReadBuffer();
 
         ASSERT_MSG(
             static_cast<s64>(data.size()) <= length,
@@ -401,8 +401,11 @@ public:
     }
 
     void RenameFile(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        const std::string src_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(ctx.ReadBuffer(0));
-        const std::string dst_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(ctx.ReadBuffer(1));
+        std::vector<u8> buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer(0);
+        const std::string src_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(buffer);
+
+        buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
+        const std::string dst_name = Common::StringFromBuffer(buffer);
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "called. file '{}' to file '{}'", src_name, dst_name);
 

src/core/hle/service/glue/arp.cpp

@@ -228,8 +228,7 @@ private:
             return;
         }
 
-        // TODO: Can this be a span?
-        control = ctx.ReadBufferCopy();
+        control = ctx.ReadBuffer();
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(ResultSuccess);

src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.cpp

@@ -737,12 +737,11 @@ Core::HID::NpadStyleTag Controller_NPad::GetSupportedStyleSet() const {
     return hid_core.GetSupportedStyleTag();
 }
 
-void Controller_NPad::SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(std::span<const u8> data) {
-    const auto length = data.size();
+void Controller_NPad::SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(u8* data, std::size_t length) {
     ASSERT(length > 0 && (length % sizeof(u32)) == 0);
     supported_npad_id_types.clear();
     supported_npad_id_types.resize(length / sizeof(u32));
-    std::memcpy(supported_npad_id_types.data(), data.data(), length);
+    std::memcpy(supported_npad_id_types.data(), data, length);
 }
 
 void Controller_NPad::GetSupportedNpadIdTypes(u32* data, std::size_t max_length) {

src/core/hle/service/hid/controllers/npad.h

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <span>
 
 #include "common/bit_field.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ public:
     void SetSupportedStyleSet(Core::HID::NpadStyleTag style_set);
     Core::HID::NpadStyleTag GetSupportedStyleSet() const;
 
-    void SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(std::span<const u8> data);
+    void SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(u8* data, std::size_t length);
     void GetSupportedNpadIdTypes(u32* data, std::size_t max_length);
     std::size_t GetSupportedNpadIdTypesSize() const;
 

src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp

@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ void Hid::SetSupportedNpadIdType(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     const auto applet_resource_user_id{rp.Pop<u64>()};
 
     applet_resource->GetController<Controller_NPad>(HidController::NPad)
-        .SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(ctx.ReadBuffer());
+        .SetSupportedNpadIdTypes(ctx.ReadBuffer().data(), ctx.GetReadBufferSize());
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_HID, "called, applet_resource_user_id={}", applet_resource_user_id);
 
@@ -2104,7 +2104,7 @@ void Hid::WritePalmaRgbLedPatternEntry(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     const auto connection_handle{rp.PopRaw<Controller_Palma::PalmaConnectionHandle>()};
     const auto unknown{rp.Pop<u64>()};
 
-    [[maybe_unused]] const auto buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+    const auto buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
 
     LOG_WARNING(Service_HID, "(STUBBED) called, connection_handle={}, unknown={}",
                 connection_handle.npad_id, unknown);

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/hidbus_base.h

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
-#include <span>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     // Assigns a command from data
-    virtual bool SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) {
+    virtual bool SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
         return {};
     }
 

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/ringcon.cpp

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ std::vector<u8> RingController::GetReply() const {
     }
 }
 
-bool RingController::SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) {
+bool RingController::SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
     if (data.size() < 4) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_HID, "Command size not supported {}", data.size());
         command = RingConCommands::Error;

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/ringcon.h

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
-#include <span>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/hidbus_base.h"
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ public:
     u8 GetDeviceId() const override;
 
     // Assigns a command from data
-    bool SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) override;
+    bool SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) override;
 
     // Returns a reply from a command
     std::vector<u8> GetReply() const override;

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/starlink.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ std::vector<u8> Starlink::GetReply() const {
     return {};
 }
 
-bool Starlink::SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) {
+bool Starlink::SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
     LOG_ERROR(Service_HID, "Command not implemented");
     return false;
 }

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/starlink.h

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
     u8 GetDeviceId() const override;
 
     // Assigns a command from data
-    bool SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) override;
+    bool SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) override;
 
     // Returns a reply from a command
     std::vector<u8> GetReply() const override;

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/stubbed.cpp

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ std::vector<u8> HidbusStubbed::GetReply() const {
     return {};
 }
 
-bool HidbusStubbed::SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) {
+bool HidbusStubbed::SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
     LOG_ERROR(Service_HID, "Command not implemented");
     return false;
 }

src/core/hle/service/hid/hidbus/stubbed.h

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
     u8 GetDeviceId() const override;
 
     // Assigns a command from data
-    bool SetCommand(std::span<const u8> data) override;
+    bool SetCommand(const std::vector<u8>& data) override;
 
     // Returns a reply from a command
     std::vector<u8> GetReply() const override;

src/core/hle/service/jit/jit.cpp

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public:
         const auto parameters{rp.PopRaw<InputParameters>()};
 
         // Optional input/output buffers
-        const auto input_buffer{ctx.CanReadBuffer() ? ctx.ReadBuffer() : std::span<const u8>()};
+        std::vector<u8> input_buffer{ctx.CanReadBuffer() ? ctx.ReadBuffer() : std::vector<u8>()};
         std::vector<u8> output_buffer(ctx.CanWriteBuffer() ? ctx.GetWriteBufferSize() : 0);
 
         // Function call prototype:
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ public:
         const auto command{rp.PopRaw<u64>()};
 
         // Optional input/output buffers
-        const auto input_buffer{ctx.CanReadBuffer() ? ctx.ReadBuffer() : std::span<const u8>()};
+        std::vector<u8> input_buffer{ctx.CanReadBuffer() ? ctx.ReadBuffer() : std::vector<u8>()};
         std::vector<u8> output_buffer(ctx.CanWriteBuffer() ? ctx.GetWriteBufferSize() : 0);
 
         // Function call prototype:

src/core/hle/service/ldn/ldn.cpp

@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void SetAdvertiseData(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-        const auto read_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+        std::vector<u8> read_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
 
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};
         rb.Push(lan_discovery.SetAdvertiseData(read_buffer));
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ public:
                  parameters.security_config.passphrase_size,
                  parameters.security_config.security_mode, parameters.local_communication_version);
 
-        const auto read_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
+        const std::vector<u8> read_buffer = ctx.ReadBuffer();
         if (read_buffer.size() != sizeof(NetworkInfo)) {
             LOG_ERROR(Frontend, "NetworkInfo doesn't match read_buffer size!");
             IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};

src/core/hle/service/nfc/nfc_user.cpp

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void IUser::IsNfcEnabled(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 }
 
 void IUser::ListDevices(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service_NFC, "called");
+    LOG_INFO(Service_NFC, "called");
 
     if (state == State::NonInitialized) {
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};

src/core/hle/service/nfp/nfp_user.cpp

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void IUser::Finalize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
 }
 
 void IUser::ListDevices(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service_NFP, "called");
+    LOG_INFO(Service_NFP, "called");
 
     if (state == State::NonInitialized) {
         IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2};

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <span>
 #include <vector>
-
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdata.h"
 
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ public:
      * @param output A buffer where the output data will be written to.
      * @returns The result code of the ioctl.
      */
-    virtual NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    virtual NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output) = 0;
 
     /**
@@ -44,8 +42,8 @@ public:
      * @param output A buffer where the output data will be written to.
      * @returns The result code of the ioctl.
      */
-    virtual NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                            std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) = 0;
+    virtual NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                            const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) = 0;
 
     /**
      * Handles an ioctl3 request.
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ public:
      * @param inline_output A buffer where the inlined output data will be written to.
      * @returns The result code of the ioctl.
      */
-    virtual NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    virtual NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) = 0;
 
     /**

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp

@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ nvdisp_disp0::nvdisp_disp0(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core)
     : nvdevice{system_}, container{core}, nvmap{core.GetNvMapFile()} {}
 nvdisp_disp0::~nvdisp_disp0() = default;
 
-NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                              std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                              const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvdisp_disp0::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvdisp_disp0(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvdisp_disp0() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ nvhost_as_gpu::nvhost_as_gpu(Core::System& system_, Module& module_, NvCore::Con
 
 nvhost_as_gpu::~nvhost_as_gpu() = default;
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                                std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'A':
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> i
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                               std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                               const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                                std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'A':
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> i
 void nvhost_as_gpu::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvhost_as_gpu::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocAsEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocAsEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlAllocAsEx params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocAsEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& ou
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocateSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::AllocateSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlAllocSpace params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ void nvhost_as_gpu::FreeMappingLocked(u64 offset) {
     mapping_map.erase(offset);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::FreeSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::FreeSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlFreeSpace params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::FreeSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& ou
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Remap(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Remap(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     const auto num_entries = input.size() / sizeof(IoctlRemapEntry);
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, num_entries=0x{:X}", num_entries);
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::Remap(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::MapBufferEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::MapBufferEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlMapBufferEx params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::MapBufferEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlUnmapBuffer params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::BindChannel(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::BindChannel(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlBindChannel params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, fd={:X}", params.fd);
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ void nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegionsImpl(IoctlGetVaRegions& params) {
     };
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGetVaRegions params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
 
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_as_gpu::GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                      std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     IoctlGetVaRegions params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.h

@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_as_gpu(Core::System& system_, Module& module, NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_as_gpu() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -138,17 +138,17 @@ private:
     static_assert(sizeof(IoctlGetVaRegions) == 16 + sizeof(VaRegion) * 2,
                   "IoctlGetVaRegions is incorrect size");
 
-    NvResult AllocAsEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult AllocateSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult Remap(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult MapBufferEx(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult FreeSpace(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult BindChannel(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult AllocAsEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult AllocateSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult Remap(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult MapBufferEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult FreeSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult BindChannel(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     void GetVARegionsImpl(IoctlGetVaRegions& params);
-    NvResult GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetVARegions(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetVARegions(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                           std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
 
     void FreeMappingLocked(u64 offset);

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ nvhost_ctrl::~nvhost_ctrl() {
     }
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                              std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> inp
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                             std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                             const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                              std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_outpu) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void nvhost_ctrl::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
 void nvhost_ctrl::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::NvOsGetConfigU32(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::NvOsGetConfigU32(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocGetConfigParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     LOG_TRACE(Service_NVDRV, "called, setting={}!{}", params.domain_str.data(),
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::NvOsGetConfigU32(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8
     return NvResult::ConfigVarNotFound; // Returns error on production mode
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventWait(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventWait(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                        bool is_allocation) {
     IocCtrlEventWaitParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::FreeEvent(u32 slot) {
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventRegister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventRegister(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCtrlEventRegisterParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     const u32 event_id = params.user_event_id;
@@ -252,7 +252,8 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventRegister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vecto
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregister(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                                             std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCtrlEventUnregisterParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     const u32 event_id = params.user_event_id & 0x00FF;
@@ -262,7 +263,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vec
     return FreeEvent(event_id);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(const std::vector<u8>& input,
                                                   std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatchParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(std::span<const u8> input,
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlClearEventWait(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl::IocCtrlClearEventWait(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCtrlEventClearParams params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl.h

@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ public:
                          NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_ctrl() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -186,13 +186,13 @@ private:
     static_assert(sizeof(IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatchParams) == 8,
                   "IocCtrlEventKill is incorrect size");
 
-    NvResult NvOsGetConfigU32(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocCtrlEventWait(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult NvOsGetConfigU32(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlEventWait(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                               bool is_allocation);
-    NvResult IocCtrlEventRegister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocCtrlEventUnregister(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocCtrlClearEventWait(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlEventRegister(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlEventUnregister(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlEventUnregisterBatch(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCtrlClearEventWait(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     NvResult FreeEvent(u32 slot);
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ nvhost_ctrl_gpu::~nvhost_ctrl_gpu() {
     events_interface.FreeEvent(unknown_event);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                                  std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'G':
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8>
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                                 std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                                 const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                                  std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'G':
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8>
 void nvhost_ctrl_gpu::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvhost_ctrl_gpu::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                                             std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
     IoctlCharacteristics params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vec
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                              std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
     IoctlCharacteristics params{};
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vec
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGpuGetTpcMasksArgs params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, mask_buffer_size=0x{:X}", params.mask_buffer_size);
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                       std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     IoctlGpuGetTpcMasksArgs params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetActiveSlotMask(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetActiveSlotMask(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlActiveSlotMask params{};
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetActiveSlotMask(std::span<const u8> input, std::vect
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetCtxSize(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetCtxSize(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlZcullGetCtxSize params{};
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetCtxSize(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetInfo(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetInfo(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlNvgpuGpuZcullGetInfoArgs params{};
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZCullGetInfo(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCSetTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCSetTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     IoctlZbcSetTable params{};
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCSetTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCQueryTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCQueryTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     IoctlZbcQueryTable params{};
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::ZBCQueryTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::FlushL2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::FlushL2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called");
 
     IoctlFlushL2 params{};
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::FlushL2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& ou
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetGpuTime(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_ctrl_gpu::GetGpuTime(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlGetGpuTime params{};

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_ctrl_gpu.h

@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_ctrl_gpu(Core::System& system_, EventInterface& events_interface_);
     ~nvhost_ctrl_gpu() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -151,21 +151,21 @@ private:
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(IoctlGetGpuTime) == 0x10, "IoctlGetGpuTime is incorrect size");
 
-    NvResult GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetCharacteristics(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetCharacteristics(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                 std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
 
-    NvResult GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetTPCMasks(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetTPCMasks(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                          std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
 
-    NvResult GetActiveSlotMask(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZCullGetCtxSize(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZCullGetInfo(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZBCSetTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZBCQueryTable(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult FlushL2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetGpuTime(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetActiveSlotMask(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZCullGetCtxSize(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZCullGetInfo(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZBCSetTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZBCQueryTable(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult FlushL2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetGpuTime(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     EventInterface& events_interface;
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ nvhost_gpu::~nvhost_gpu() {
     syncpoint_manager.FreeSyncpoint(channel_syncpoint);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> inpu
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 };
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                            std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                            const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'H':
         switch (command.cmd) {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> inpu
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> inpu
 void nvhost_gpu::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvhost_gpu::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSetNvmapFD params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, fd={}", params.nvmap_fd);
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& outp
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlClientData params{};
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& o
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called");
 
     IoctlClientData params{};
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& o
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::ZCullBind(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::ZCullBind(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     std::memcpy(&zcull_params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, gpu_va={:X}, mode={:X}", zcull_params.gpu_va,
               zcull_params.mode);
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::ZCullBind(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& outpu
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetErrorNotifier(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetErrorNotifier(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSetErrorNotifier params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called, offset={:X}, size={:X}, mem={:X}", params.offset,
@@ -168,14 +168,14 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetErrorNotifier(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetChannelPriority(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SetChannelPriority(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     std::memcpy(&channel_priority, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called, priority={:X}", channel_priority);
 
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocGPFIFOEx2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocGPFIFOEx2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlAllocGpfifoEx2 params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV,
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocGPFIFOEx2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>&
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocateObjectContext(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::AllocateObjectContext(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlAllocObjCtx params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called, class_num={:X}, flags={:X}", params.class_num,
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOImpl(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params, std::vector<u8>
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                                       bool kickoff) {
     if (input.size() < sizeof(IoctlSubmitGpfifo)) {
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
@@ -314,7 +314,8 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>
     return SubmitGPFIFOImpl(params, output, std::move(entries));
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::span<const u8> input_inline,
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                                      const std::vector<u8>& input_inline,
                                       std::vector<u8>& output) {
     if (input.size() < sizeof(IoctlSubmitGpfifo)) {
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::span<const
     return SubmitGPFIFOImpl(params, output, std::move(entries));
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGetWaitbase params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlGetWaitbase));
     LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "called, unknown=0x{:X}", params.unknown);
@@ -337,7 +338,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& out
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlChannelSetTimeout params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlChannelSetTimeout));
     LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "called, timeout=0x{:X}", params.timeout);
@@ -345,7 +346,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeslice(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_gpu::ChannelSetTimeslice(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSetTimeslice params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlSetTimeslice));
     LOG_INFO(Service_NVDRV, "called, timeslice=0x{:X}", params.timeslice);

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.h

@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ public:
                         NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_gpu() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -186,23 +186,23 @@ private:
     u32_le channel_priority{};
     u32_le channel_timeslice{};
 
-    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult SetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetClientData(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ZCullBind(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult SetErrorNotifier(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult SetChannelPriority(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult AllocGPFIFOEx2(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult AllocateObjectContext(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetClientData(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ZCullBind(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetErrorNotifier(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetChannelPriority(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult AllocGPFIFOEx2(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult AllocateObjectContext(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
     NvResult SubmitGPFIFOImpl(IoctlSubmitGpfifo& params, std::vector<u8>& output,
                               Tegra::CommandList&& entries);
-    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
                               bool kickoff = false);
-    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase(std::span<const u8> input, std::span<const u8> input_inline,
+    NvResult SubmitGPFIFOBase(const std::vector<u8>& input, const std::vector<u8>& input_inline,
                               std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ChannelSetTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult ChannelSetTimeslice(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ChannelSetTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult ChannelSetTimeslice(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     EventInterface& events_interface;
     NvCore::Container& core;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ nvhost_nvdec::nvhost_nvdec(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core_)
     : nvhost_nvdec_common{system_, core_, NvCore::ChannelType::NvDec} {}
 nvhost_nvdec::~nvhost_nvdec() = default;
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> in
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                              std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                              const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec.h

@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_nvdec(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_nvdec() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec_common.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace {
 // Copies count amount of type T from the input vector into the dst vector.
 // Returns the number of bytes written into dst.
 template <typename T>
-std::size_t SliceVectors(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<T>& dst, std::size_t count,
+std::size_t SliceVectors(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<T>& dst, std::size_t count,
                          std::size_t offset) {
     if (dst.empty()) {
         return 0;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ nvhost_nvdec_common::~nvhost_nvdec_common() {
     core.Host1xDeviceFile().syncpts_accumulated.push_back(channel_syncpoint);
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input) {
     IoctlSetNvmapFD params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlSetNvmapFD));
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, fd={}", params.nvmap_fd);
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input) {
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::Submit(DeviceFD fd, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::Submit(DeviceFD fd, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                                      std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSubmit params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlSubmit));
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::Submit(DeviceFD fd, std::span<const u8> input,
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetSyncpoint(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetSyncpoint(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGetSyncpoint params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlGetSyncpoint));
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called GetSyncpoint, id={}", params.param);
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetSyncpoint(std::span<const u8> input, std::vecto
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlGetWaitbase params{};
     LOG_CRITICAL(Service_NVDRV, "called WAITBASE");
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlGetWaitbase));
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::MapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::MapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlMapBuffer params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlMapBuffer));
     std::vector<MapBufferEntry> cmd_buffer_handles(params.num_entries);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::MapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlMapBuffer params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(IoctlMapBuffer));
     std::vector<MapBufferEntry> cmd_buffer_handles(params.num_entries);
@@ -173,7 +173,8 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetSubmitTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvdec_common::SetSubmitTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                                               std::vector<u8>& output) {
     std::memcpy(&submit_timeout, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_WARNING(Service_NVDRV, "(STUBBED) called");
     return NvResult::Success;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvdec_common.h

@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ protected:
     static_assert(sizeof(IoctlMapBuffer) == 0x0C, "IoctlMapBuffer is incorrect size");
 
     /// Ioctl command implementations
-    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input);
-    NvResult Submit(DeviceFD fd, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetSyncpoint(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult GetWaitbase(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult MapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult UnmapBuffer(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult SetSubmitTimeout(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input);
+    NvResult Submit(DeviceFD fd, const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetSyncpoint(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult GetWaitbase(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult MapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetSubmitTimeout(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     Kernel::KEvent* QueryEvent(u32 event_id) override;
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvjpg.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices {
 nvhost_nvjpg::nvhost_nvjpg(Core::System& system_) : nvdevice{system_} {}
 nvhost_nvjpg::~nvhost_nvjpg() = default;
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 'H':
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> in
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                              std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                              const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                               std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> in
 void nvhost_nvjpg::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvhost_nvjpg::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_nvjpg::SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IoctlSetNvmapFD params{};
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), input.size());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, fd={}", params.nvmap_fd);

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_nvjpg.h

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_nvjpg(Core::System& system_);
     ~nvhost_nvjpg() override;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ private:
 
     s32_le nvmap_fd{};
 
-    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult SetNVMAPfd(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_vic.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ nvhost_vic::nvhost_vic(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core_)
 
 nvhost_vic::~nvhost_vic() = default;
 
-NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@ NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> inpu
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                            std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                            const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvhost_vic::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                             std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_vic.h

@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ public:
     explicit nvhost_vic(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& core);
     ~nvhost_vic();
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ nvmap::nvmap(Core::System& system_, NvCore::Container& container_)
 
 nvmap::~nvmap() = default;
 
-NvResult nvmap::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvmap::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                        std::vector<u8>& output) {
     switch (command.group) {
     case 0x1:
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ NvResult nvmap::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                       std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                       const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult nvmap::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                        std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented ioctl={:08X}", command.raw);
     return NvResult::NotImplemented;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
 void nvmap::OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) {}
 void nvmap::OnClose(DeviceFD fd) {}
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocCreate(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocCreate(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocCreateParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, size=0x{:08X}", params.size);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocCreate(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocAlloc(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocAlloc(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocAllocParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_NVDRV, "called, addr={:X}", params.address);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocAlloc(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     return result;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocGetId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocGetId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocGetIdParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
 
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocGetId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocFromId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocFromId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocFromIdParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocFromId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocParam(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocParam(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     enum class ParamTypes { Size = 1, Alignment = 2, Base = 3, Heap = 4, Kind = 5, Compr = 6 };
 
     IocParamParams params;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ NvResult nvmap::IocParam(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     return NvResult::Success;
 }
 
-NvResult nvmap::IocFree(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult nvmap::IocFree(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     IocFreeParams params;
     std::memcpy(&params, input.data(), sizeof(params));
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h

@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ public:
     nvmap(const nvmap&) = delete;
     nvmap& operator=(const nvmap&) = delete;
 
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                     std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) override;
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) override;
 
     void OnOpen(DeviceFD fd) override;
     void OnClose(DeviceFD fd) override;
@@ -106,12 +106,12 @@ private:
     };
     static_assert(sizeof(IocGetIdParams) == 8, "IocGetIdParams has wrong size");
 
-    NvResult IocCreate(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocAlloc(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocGetId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocFromId(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocParam(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
-    NvResult IocFree(std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocCreate(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocAlloc(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocGetId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocFromId(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocParam(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult IocFree(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
     NvCore::Container& container;
     NvCore::NvMap& file;

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.cpp

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ DeviceFD Module::Open(const std::string& device_name) {
     return fd;
 }
 
-NvResult Module::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult Module::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                         std::vector<u8>& output) {
     if (fd < 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "Invalid DeviceFD={}!", fd);
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ NvResult Module::Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
     return itr->second->Ioctl1(fd, command, input, output);
 }
 
-NvResult Module::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                        std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
+NvResult Module::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                        const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output) {
     if (fd < 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "Invalid DeviceFD={}!", fd);
         return NvResult::InvalidState;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ NvResult Module::Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
     return itr->second->Ioctl2(fd, command, input, inline_input, output);
 }
 
-NvResult Module::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
+NvResult Module::Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
                         std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output) {
     if (fd < 0) {
         LOG_ERROR(Service_NVDRV, "Invalid DeviceFD={}!", fd);

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/nvdrv.h

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <list>
 #include <memory>
-#include <span>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
@@ -80,13 +79,14 @@ public:
     DeviceFD Open(const std::string& device_name);
 
     /// Sends an ioctl command to the specified file descriptor.
-    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult Ioctl1(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output);
 
-    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input,
-                    std::span<const u8> inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output);
+    NvResult Ioctl2(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    const std::vector<u8>& inline_input, std::vector<u8>& output);
 
-    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, std::span<const u8> input, std::vector<u8>& output,
-                    std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
+    NvResult Ioctl3(DeviceFD fd, Ioctl command, const std::vector<u8>& input,
+                    std::vector<u8>& output, std::vector<u8>& inline_output);
 
     /// Closes a device file descriptor and returns operation success.
     NvResult Close(DeviceFD fd);

src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/buffer_queue_producer.cpp

@@ -815,8 +815,8 @@ Status BufferQueueProducer::SetPreallocatedBuffer(s32 slot,
 
 void BufferQueueProducer::Transact(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx, TransactionId code, u32 flags) {
     Status status{Status::NoError};
-    InputParcel parcel_in{ctx.ReadBuffer()};
-    OutputParcel parcel_out{};
+    Parcel parcel_in{ctx.ReadBuffer()};
+    Parcel parcel_out{};
 
     switch (code) {
     case TransactionId::Connect: {

src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/graphic_buffer_producer.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 namespace Service::android {
 
-QueueBufferInput::QueueBufferInput(InputParcel& parcel) {
+QueueBufferInput::QueueBufferInput(Parcel& parcel) {
     parcel.ReadFlattened(*this);
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/graphic_buffer_producer.h

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
 
 namespace Service::android {
 
-class InputParcel;
+class Parcel;
 
 #pragma pack(push, 1)
 struct QueueBufferInput final {
-    explicit QueueBufferInput(InputParcel& parcel);
+    explicit QueueBufferInput(Parcel& parcel);
 
     void Deflate(s64* timestamp_, bool* is_auto_timestamp_, Common::Rectangle<s32>* crop_,
                  NativeWindowScalingMode* scaling_mode_, NativeWindowTransform* transform_,

src/core/hle/service/nvflinger/parcel.h

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
-#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
@@ -13,17 +12,18 @@
 
 namespace Service::android {
 
-struct ParcelHeader {
-    u32 data_size;
-    u32 data_offset;
-    u32 objects_size;
-    u32 objects_offset;
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(ParcelHeader) == 16, "ParcelHeader has wrong size");
-
-class InputParcel final {
+class Parcel final {
 public:
-    explicit InputParcel(std::span<const u8> in_data) : read_buffer(std::move(in_data)) {
+    static constexpr std::size_t DefaultBufferSize = 0x40;
+
+    Parcel() : buffer(DefaultBufferSize) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit Parcel(const T& out_data) : buffer(DefaultBufferSize) {
+        Write(out_data);
+    }
+
+    explicit Parcel(std::vector<u8> in_data) : buffer(std::move(in_data)) {
         DeserializeHeader();
         [[maybe_unused]] const std::u16string token = ReadInterfaceToken();
     }
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ public:
     template <typename T>
     void Read(T& val) {
         static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "T must be trivially copyable.");
-        ASSERT(read_index + sizeof(T) <= read_buffer.size());
+        ASSERT(read_index + sizeof(T) <= buffer.size());
 
-        std::memcpy(&val, read_buffer.data() + read_index, sizeof(T));
+        std::memcpy(&val, buffer.data() + read_index, sizeof(T));
         read_index += sizeof(T);
         read_index = Common::AlignUp(read_index, 4);
     }
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ public:
     template <typename T>
     T ReadUnaligned() {
         static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "T must be trivially copyable.");
-        ASSERT(read_index + sizeof(T) <= read_buffer.size());
+        ASSERT(read_index + sizeof(T) <= buffer.size());
 
         T val;
-        std::memcpy(&val, read_buffer.data() + read_index, sizeof(T));
+        std::memcpy(&val, buffer.data() + read_index, sizeof(T));
         read_index += sizeof(T);
         return val;
     }
@@ -101,31 +101,6 @@ public:
         return token;
     }
 
-    void DeserializeHeader() {
-        ASSERT(read_buffer.size() > sizeof(ParcelHeader));
-
-        ParcelHeader header{};
-        std::memcpy(&header, read_buffer.data(), sizeof(ParcelHeader));
-
-        read_index = header.data_offset;
-    }
-
-private:
-    std::span<const u8> read_buffer;
-    std::size_t read_index = 0;
-};
-
-class OutputParcel final {
-public:
-    static constexpr std::size_t DefaultBufferSize = 0x40;
-
-    OutputParcel() : buffer(DefaultBufferSize) {}
-
-    template <typename T>
-    explicit OutputParcel(const T& out_data) : buffer(DefaultBufferSize) {
-        Write(out_data);
-    }
-
     template <typename T>
     void Write(const T& val) {
         static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "T must be trivially copyable.");
@@ -158,20 +133,40 @@ public:
         WriteObject(ptr.get());
     }
 
+    void DeserializeHeader() {
+        ASSERT(buffer.size() > sizeof(Header));
+
+        Header header{};
+        std::memcpy(&header, buffer.data(), sizeof(Header));
+
+        read_index = header.data_offset;
+    }
+
     std::vector<u8> Serialize() const {
-        ParcelHeader header{};
-        header.data_size = static_cast<u32>(write_index - sizeof(ParcelHeader));
-        header.data_offset = sizeof(ParcelHeader);
+        ASSERT(read_index == 0);
+
+        Header header{};
+        header.data_size = static_cast<u32>(write_index - sizeof(Header));
+        header.data_offset = sizeof(Header);
         header.objects_size = 4;
-        header.objects_offset = static_cast<u32>(sizeof(ParcelHeader) + header.data_size);
-        std::memcpy(buffer.data(), &header, sizeof(ParcelHeader));
+        header.objects_offset = static_cast<u32>(sizeof(Header) + header.data_size);
+        std::memcpy(buffer.data(), &header, sizeof(Header));
 
         return buffer;
     }
 
 private:
+    struct Header {
+        u32 data_size;
+        u32 data_offset;
+        u32 objects_size;
+        u32 objects_offset;
+    };
+    static_assert(sizeof(Header) == 16, "ParcelHeader has wrong size");
+
     mutable std::vector<u8> buffer;
-    std::size_t write_index = sizeof(ParcelHeader);
+    std::size_t read_index = 0;
+    std::size_t write_index = sizeof(Header);
 };
 
 } // namespace Service::android

src/core/hle/service/prepo/prepo.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ private:
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::span<const u8>{};
+            return std::vector<u8>{};
         }();
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_PREPO,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ private:
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::span<const u8>{};
+            return std::vector<u8>{};
         }();
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_PREPO,
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ private:
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::span<const u8>{};
+            return std::vector<u8>{};
         }();
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_PREPO, "called, title_id={:016X}, data1_size={:016X}, data2_size={:016X}",
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ private:
                 return ctx.ReadBuffer(1);
             }
 
-            return std::span<const u8>{};
+            return std::vector<u8>{};
         }();
 
         LOG_DEBUG(Service_PREPO,