video_core: Remove all Core::System references in renderer

Now that the GPU is initialized when video backends are initialized,
it's no longer needed to query components once the game is running: it
can be done when yuzu is booting.

This allows us to pass components between constructors and in the
process remove all Core::System references in the video backend.

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -187,7 +187,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
         if (!gpu_core) {
             return ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore;
         }
-        gpu_core->Renderer().Rasterizer().SetupDirtyFlags();
 
         is_powered_on = true;
         exit_lock = false;

src/video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h

@@ -51,46 +51,43 @@ public:
                             bool is_written = false, bool use_fast_cbuf = false) {
         std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
 
-        auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr_opt = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        if (!cpu_addr_opt) {
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        if (!cpu_addr) {
             return GetEmptyBuffer(size);
         }
-        const VAddr cpu_addr = *cpu_addr_opt;
 
         // Cache management is a big overhead, so only cache entries with a given size.
         // TODO: Figure out which size is the best for given games.
         constexpr std::size_t max_stream_size = 0x800;
         if (use_fast_cbuf || size < max_stream_size) {
-            if (!is_written && !IsRegionWritten(cpu_addr, cpu_addr + size - 1)) {
-                const bool is_granular = memory_manager.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size);
+            if (!is_written && !IsRegionWritten(*cpu_addr, *cpu_addr + size - 1)) {
+                const bool is_granular = gpu_memory.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size);
                 if (use_fast_cbuf) {
                     u8* dest;
                     if (is_granular) {
-                        dest = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
+                        dest = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
                     } else {
                         staging_buffer.resize(size);
                         dest = staging_buffer.data();
-                        memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, dest, size);
+                        gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, dest, size);
                     }
                     return ConstBufferUpload(dest, size);
                 }
                 if (is_granular) {
-                    u8* const host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
+                    u8* const host_ptr = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
                     return StreamBufferUpload(size, alignment, [host_ptr, size](u8* dest) {
                         std::memcpy(dest, host_ptr, size);
                     });
                 } else {
-                    return StreamBufferUpload(
-                        size, alignment, [&memory_manager, gpu_addr, size](u8* dest) {
-                            memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, dest, size);
-                        });
+                    return StreamBufferUpload(size, alignment, [this, gpu_addr, size](u8* dest) {
+                        gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, dest, size);
+                    });
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        Buffer* const block = GetBlock(cpu_addr, size);
-        MapInterval* const map = MapAddress(block, gpu_addr, cpu_addr, size);
+        Buffer* const block = GetBlock(*cpu_addr, size);
+        MapInterval* const map = MapAddress(block, gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, size);
         if (!map) {
             return GetEmptyBuffer(size);
         }
@@ -106,7 +103,7 @@ public:
             }
         }
 
-        return BufferInfo{block->Handle(), block->Offset(cpu_addr), block->Address()};
+        return BufferInfo{block->Handle(), block->Offset(*cpu_addr), block->Address()};
     }
 
     /// Uploads from a host memory. Returns the OpenGL buffer where it's located and its offset.
@@ -262,9 +259,11 @@ public:
     virtual BufferInfo GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t size) = 0;
 
 protected:
-    explicit BufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
-                         std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer)
-        : rasterizer{rasterizer}, system{system}, stream_buffer{std::move(stream_buffer)} {}
+    explicit BufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
+                         Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_,
+                         std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer_)
+        : rasterizer{rasterizer_}, gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, cpu_memory{cpu_memory_},
+          stream_buffer{std::move(stream_buffer_)}, stream_buffer_handle{stream_buffer->Handle()} {}
 
     ~BufferCache() = default;
 
@@ -326,14 +325,13 @@ private:
     MapInterval* MapAddress(Buffer* block, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
         const VectorMapInterval overlaps = GetMapsInRange(cpu_addr, size);
         if (overlaps.empty()) {
-            auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
             const VAddr cpu_addr_end = cpu_addr + size;
-            if (memory_manager.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size)) {
-                u8* host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
+            if (gpu_memory.IsGranularRange(gpu_addr, size)) {
+                u8* const host_ptr = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
                 block->Upload(block->Offset(cpu_addr), size, host_ptr);
             } else {
                 staging_buffer.resize(size);
-                memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, staging_buffer.data(), size);
+                gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, staging_buffer.data(), size);
                 block->Upload(block->Offset(cpu_addr), size, staging_buffer.data());
             }
             return Register(MapInterval(cpu_addr, cpu_addr_end, gpu_addr));
@@ -392,7 +390,7 @@ private:
                 continue;
             }
             staging_buffer.resize(size);
-            system.Memory().ReadBlockUnsafe(interval.lower(), staging_buffer.data(), size);
+            cpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(interval.lower(), staging_buffer.data(), size);
             block->Upload(block->Offset(interval.lower()), size, staging_buffer.data());
         }
     }
@@ -431,7 +429,7 @@ private:
         const std::size_t size = map->end - map->start;
         staging_buffer.resize(size);
         block->Download(block->Offset(map->start), size, staging_buffer.data());
-        system.Memory().WriteBlockUnsafe(map->start, staging_buffer.data(), size);
+        cpu_memory.WriteBlockUnsafe(map->start, staging_buffer.data(), size);
         map->MarkAsModified(false, 0);
     }
 
@@ -570,7 +568,8 @@ private:
     }
 
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
 
     std::unique_ptr<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer;
     BufferType stream_buffer_handle;

src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,13 @@
 
 namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
-Fermi2D::Fermi2D(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer) : rasterizer{rasterizer} {}
+Fermi2D::Fermi2D() = default;
+
+Fermi2D::~Fermi2D() = default;
+
+void Fermi2D::BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_) {
+    rasterizer = &rasterizer_;
+}
 
 void Fermi2D::CallMethod(u32 method, u32 method_argument, bool is_last_call) {
     ASSERT_MSG(method < Regs::NUM_REGS,
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@ void Fermi2D::HandleSurfaceCopy() {
     copy_config.src_rect = src_rect;
     copy_config.dst_rect = dst_rect;
 
-    if (!rasterizer.AccelerateSurfaceCopy(regs.src, regs.dst, copy_config)) {
+    if (!rasterizer->AccelerateSurfaceCopy(regs.src, regs.dst, copy_config)) {
         UNIMPLEMENTED();
     }
 }

src/video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h

@@ -34,8 +34,11 @@ namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
 class Fermi2D final : public EngineInterface {
 public:
-    explicit Fermi2D(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer);
-    ~Fermi2D() = default;
+    explicit Fermi2D();
+    ~Fermi2D();
+
+    /// Binds a rasterizer to this engine.
+    void BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer);
 
     /// Write the value to the register identified by method.
     void CallMethod(u32 method, u32 method_argument, bool is_last_call) override;
@@ -149,7 +152,7 @@ public:
     };
 
 private:
-    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer;
 
     /// Performs the copy from the source surface to the destination surface as configured in the
     /// registers.

src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.cpp

@@ -16,14 +16,15 @@
 
 namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
-KeplerCompute::KeplerCompute(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                             MemoryManager& memory_manager)
-    : system{system}, rasterizer{rasterizer}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, upload_state{
-                                                                                  memory_manager,
-                                                                                  regs.upload} {}
+KeplerCompute::KeplerCompute(Core::System& system_, MemoryManager& memory_manager_)
+    : system{system_}, memory_manager{memory_manager_}, upload_state{memory_manager, regs.upload} {}
 
 KeplerCompute::~KeplerCompute() = default;
 
+void KeplerCompute::BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_) {
+    rasterizer = &rasterizer_;
+}
+
 void KeplerCompute::CallMethod(u32 method, u32 method_argument, bool is_last_call) {
     ASSERT_MSG(method < Regs::NUM_REGS,
                "Invalid KeplerCompute register, increase the size of the Regs structure");
@@ -104,11 +105,11 @@ SamplerDescriptor KeplerCompute::AccessSampler(u32 handle) const {
 }
 
 VideoCore::GuestDriverProfile& KeplerCompute::AccessGuestDriverProfile() {
-    return rasterizer.AccessGuestDriverProfile();
+    return rasterizer->AccessGuestDriverProfile();
 }
 
 const VideoCore::GuestDriverProfile& KeplerCompute::AccessGuestDriverProfile() const {
-    return rasterizer.AccessGuestDriverProfile();
+    return rasterizer->AccessGuestDriverProfile();
 }
 
 void KeplerCompute::ProcessLaunch() {
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ void KeplerCompute::ProcessLaunch() {
     const GPUVAddr code_addr = regs.code_loc.Address() + launch_description.program_start;
     LOG_TRACE(HW_GPU, "Compute invocation launched at address 0x{:016x}", code_addr);
 
-    rasterizer.DispatchCompute(code_addr);
+    rasterizer->DispatchCompute(code_addr);
 }
 
 Texture::TICEntry KeplerCompute::GetTICEntry(u32 tic_index) const {

src/video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h

@@ -42,10 +42,12 @@ namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
 class KeplerCompute final : public ConstBufferEngineInterface, public EngineInterface {
 public:
-    explicit KeplerCompute(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                           MemoryManager& memory_manager);
+    explicit KeplerCompute(Core::System& system, MemoryManager& memory_manager);
     ~KeplerCompute();
 
+    /// Binds a rasterizer to this engine.
+    void BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer);
+
     static constexpr std::size_t NumConstBuffers = 8;
 
     struct Regs {
@@ -230,11 +232,6 @@ public:
     const VideoCore::GuestDriverProfile& AccessGuestDriverProfile() const override;
 
 private:
-    Core::System& system;
-    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
-    MemoryManager& memory_manager;
-    Upload::State upload_state;
-
     void ProcessLaunch();
 
     /// Retrieves information about a specific TIC entry from the TIC buffer.
@@ -242,6 +239,11 @@ private:
 
     /// Retrieves information about a specific TSC entry from the TSC buffer.
     Texture::TSCEntry GetTSCEntry(u32 tsc_index) const;
+
+    Core::System& system;
+    MemoryManager& memory_manager;
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer = nullptr;
+    Upload::State upload_state;
 };
 
 #define ASSERT_REG_POSITION(field_name, position)                                                  \

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.cpp

@@ -22,14 +22,19 @@ using VideoCore::QueryType;
 /// First register id that is actually a Macro call.
 constexpr u32 MacroRegistersStart = 0xE00;
 
-Maxwell3D::Maxwell3D(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                     MemoryManager& memory_manager)
-    : system{system}, rasterizer{rasterizer}, memory_manager{memory_manager},
-      macro_engine{GetMacroEngine(*this)}, upload_state{memory_manager, regs.upload} {
+Maxwell3D::Maxwell3D(Core::System& system_, MemoryManager& memory_manager_)
+    : system{system_}, memory_manager{memory_manager_}, macro_engine{GetMacroEngine(*this)},
+      upload_state{memory_manager, regs.upload} {
     dirty.flags.flip();
     InitializeRegisterDefaults();
 }
 
+Maxwell3D::~Maxwell3D() = default;
+
+void Maxwell3D::BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_) {
+    rasterizer = &rasterizer_;
+}
+
 void Maxwell3D::InitializeRegisterDefaults() {
     // Initializes registers to their default values - what games expect them to be at boot. This is
     // for certain registers that may not be explicitly set by games.
@@ -192,7 +197,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::CallMethod(u32 method, u32 method_argument, bool is_last_call) {
 
     switch (method) {
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(wait_for_idle): {
-        rasterizer.WaitForIdle();
+        rasterizer->WaitForIdle();
         break;
     }
     case MAXWELL3D_REG_INDEX(shadow_ram_control): {
@@ -402,7 +407,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::FlushMMEInlineDraw() {
 
     const bool is_indexed = mme_draw.current_mode == MMEDrawMode::Indexed;
     if (ShouldExecute()) {
-        rasterizer.Draw(is_indexed, true);
+        rasterizer->Draw(is_indexed, true);
     }
 
     // TODO(bunnei): Below, we reset vertex count so that we can use these registers to determine if
@@ -465,7 +470,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::ProcessQueryGet() {
     switch (regs.query.query_get.operation) {
     case Regs::QueryOperation::Release:
         if (regs.query.query_get.fence == 1) {
-            rasterizer.SignalSemaphore(regs.query.QueryAddress(), regs.query.query_sequence);
+            rasterizer->SignalSemaphore(regs.query.QueryAddress(), regs.query.query_sequence);
         } else {
             StampQueryResult(regs.query.query_sequence, regs.query.query_get.short_query == 0);
         }
@@ -533,7 +538,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::ProcessQueryCondition() {
 void Maxwell3D::ProcessCounterReset() {
     switch (regs.counter_reset) {
     case Regs::CounterReset::SampleCnt:
-        rasterizer.ResetCounter(QueryType::SamplesPassed);
+        rasterizer->ResetCounter(QueryType::SamplesPassed);
         break;
     default:
         LOG_DEBUG(Render_OpenGL, "Unimplemented counter reset={}",
@@ -547,7 +552,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::ProcessSyncPoint() {
     const u32 increment = regs.sync_info.increment.Value();
     [[maybe_unused]] const u32 cache_flush = regs.sync_info.unknown.Value();
     if (increment) {
-        rasterizer.SignalSyncPoint(sync_point);
+        rasterizer->SignalSyncPoint(sync_point);
     }
 }
 
@@ -570,7 +575,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::DrawArrays() {
 
     const bool is_indexed{regs.index_array.count && !regs.vertex_buffer.count};
     if (ShouldExecute()) {
-        rasterizer.Draw(is_indexed, false);
+        rasterizer->Draw(is_indexed, false);
     }
 
     // TODO(bunnei): Below, we reset vertex count so that we can use these registers to determine if
@@ -590,8 +595,8 @@ std::optional<u64> Maxwell3D::GetQueryResult() {
         return 0;
     case Regs::QuerySelect::SamplesPassed:
         // Deferred.
-        rasterizer.Query(regs.query.QueryAddress(), VideoCore::QueryType::SamplesPassed,
-                         system.GPU().GetTicks());
+        rasterizer->Query(regs.query.QueryAddress(), VideoCore::QueryType::SamplesPassed,
+                          system.GPU().GetTicks());
         return {};
     default:
         LOG_DEBUG(HW_GPU, "Unimplemented query select type {}",
@@ -718,7 +723,7 @@ void Maxwell3D::ProcessClearBuffers() {
            regs.clear_buffers.R == regs.clear_buffers.B &&
            regs.clear_buffers.R == regs.clear_buffers.A);
 
-    rasterizer.Clear();
+    rasterizer->Clear();
 }
 
 u32 Maxwell3D::AccessConstBuffer32(ShaderType stage, u64 const_buffer, u64 offset) const {
@@ -752,11 +757,11 @@ SamplerDescriptor Maxwell3D::AccessSampler(u32 handle) const {
 }
 
 VideoCore::GuestDriverProfile& Maxwell3D::AccessGuestDriverProfile() {
-    return rasterizer.AccessGuestDriverProfile();
+    return rasterizer->AccessGuestDriverProfile();
 }
 
 const VideoCore::GuestDriverProfile& Maxwell3D::AccessGuestDriverProfile() const {
-    return rasterizer.AccessGuestDriverProfile();
+    return rasterizer->AccessGuestDriverProfile();
 }
 
 } // namespace Tegra::Engines

src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h

@@ -51,9 +51,11 @@ namespace Tegra::Engines {
 
 class Maxwell3D final : public ConstBufferEngineInterface, public EngineInterface {
 public:
-    explicit Maxwell3D(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                       MemoryManager& memory_manager);
-    ~Maxwell3D() = default;
+    explicit Maxwell3D(Core::System& system, MemoryManager& memory_manager);
+    ~Maxwell3D();
+
+    /// Binds a rasterizer to this engine.
+    void BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer);
 
     /// Register structure of the Maxwell3D engine.
     /// TODO(Subv): This structure will need to be made bigger as more registers are discovered.
@@ -1418,12 +1420,12 @@ public:
         return execute_on;
     }
 
-    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& GetRasterizer() {
-        return rasterizer;
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& Rasterizer() {
+        return *rasterizer;
     }
 
-    const VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& GetRasterizer() const {
-        return rasterizer;
+    const VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& Rasterizer() const {
+        return *rasterizer;
     }
 
     /// Notify a memory write has happened.
@@ -1460,11 +1462,10 @@ private:
     void InitializeRegisterDefaults();
 
     Core::System& system;
-
-    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
-
     MemoryManager& memory_manager;
 
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer = nullptr;
+
     /// Start offsets of each macro in macro_memory
     std::array<u32, 0x80> macro_positions = {};
 

src/video_core/fence_manager.h

@@ -79,8 +79,6 @@ public:
     }
 
     void WaitPendingFences() {
-        auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
-        auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
         while (!fences.empty()) {
             TFence& current_fence = fences.front();
             if (ShouldWait()) {
@@ -88,8 +86,8 @@ public:
             }
             PopAsyncFlushes();
             if (current_fence->IsSemaphore()) {
-                memory_manager.template Write<u32>(current_fence->GetAddress(),
-                                                   current_fence->GetPayload());
+                gpu_memory.template Write<u32>(current_fence->GetAddress(),
+                                               current_fence->GetPayload());
             } else {
                 gpu.IncrementSyncPoint(current_fence->GetPayload());
             }
@@ -98,13 +96,13 @@ public:
     }
 
 protected:
-    FenceManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                 TTextureCache& texture_cache, TTBufferCache& buffer_cache,
-                 TQueryCache& query_cache)
-        : system{system}, rasterizer{rasterizer}, texture_cache{texture_cache},
-          buffer_cache{buffer_cache}, query_cache{query_cache} {}
+    explicit FenceManager(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
+                          TTextureCache& texture_cache_, TTBufferCache& buffer_cache_,
+                          TQueryCache& query_cache_)
+        : rasterizer{rasterizer_}, gpu{gpu_}, gpu_memory{gpu.MemoryManager()},
+          texture_cache{texture_cache_}, buffer_cache{buffer_cache_}, query_cache{query_cache_} {}
 
-    virtual ~FenceManager() {}
+    virtual ~FenceManager() = default;
 
     /// Creates a Sync Point Fence Interface, does not create a backend fence if 'is_stubbed' is
     /// true
@@ -118,16 +116,15 @@ protected:
     /// Waits until a fence has been signalled by the host GPU.
     virtual void WaitFence(TFence& fence) = 0;
 
-    Core::System& system;
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
     TTextureCache& texture_cache;
     TTBufferCache& buffer_cache;
     TQueryCache& query_cache;
 
 private:
     void TryReleasePendingFences() {
-        auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
-        auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
         while (!fences.empty()) {
             TFence& current_fence = fences.front();
             if (ShouldWait() && !IsFenceSignaled(current_fence)) {
@@ -135,8 +132,8 @@ private:
             }
             PopAsyncFlushes();
             if (current_fence->IsSemaphore()) {
-                memory_manager.template Write<u32>(current_fence->GetAddress(),
-                                                   current_fence->GetPayload());
+                gpu_memory.template Write<u32>(current_fence->GetAddress(),
+                                               current_fence->GetPayload());
             } else {
                 gpu.IncrementSyncPoint(current_fence->GetPayload());
             }

src/video_core/gpu.cpp

@@ -26,20 +26,28 @@ namespace Tegra {
 
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(GPU_wait, "GPU", "Wait for the GPU", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
 
-GPU::GPU(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer_, bool is_async)
-    : system{system}, renderer{std::move(renderer_)}, is_async{is_async} {
-    auto& rasterizer{renderer->Rasterizer()};
-    memory_manager = std::make_unique<Tegra::MemoryManager>(system, rasterizer);
-    dma_pusher = std::make_unique<Tegra::DmaPusher>(system, *this);
-    maxwell_3d = std::make_unique<Engines::Maxwell3D>(system, rasterizer, *memory_manager);
-    fermi_2d = std::make_unique<Engines::Fermi2D>(rasterizer);
-    kepler_compute = std::make_unique<Engines::KeplerCompute>(system, rasterizer, *memory_manager);
-    maxwell_dma = std::make_unique<Engines::MaxwellDMA>(system, *memory_manager);
-    kepler_memory = std::make_unique<Engines::KeplerMemory>(system, *memory_manager);
-}
+GPU::GPU(Core::System& system_, bool is_async_)
+    : system{system_}, memory_manager{std::make_unique<Tegra::MemoryManager>(system)},
+      dma_pusher{std::make_unique<Tegra::DmaPusher>(system, *this)},
+      maxwell_3d{std::make_unique<Engines::Maxwell3D>(system, *memory_manager)},
+      fermi_2d{std::make_unique<Engines::Fermi2D>()},
+      kepler_compute{std::make_unique<Engines::KeplerCompute>(system, *memory_manager)},
+      maxwell_dma{std::make_unique<Engines::MaxwellDMA>(system, *memory_manager)},
+      kepler_memory{std::make_unique<Engines::KeplerMemory>(system, *memory_manager)},
+      is_async{is_async_} {}
 
 GPU::~GPU() = default;
 
+void GPU::BindRenderer(std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer_) {
+    renderer = std::move(renderer_);
+
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer = renderer->Rasterizer();
+    memory_manager->BindRasterizer(rasterizer);
+    maxwell_3d->BindRasterizer(rasterizer);
+    fermi_2d->BindRasterizer(rasterizer);
+    kepler_compute->BindRasterizer(rasterizer);
+}
+
 Engines::Maxwell3D& GPU::Maxwell3D() {
     return *maxwell_3d;
 }

src/video_core/gpu.h

@@ -133,11 +133,6 @@ class MemoryManager;
 
 class GPU {
 public:
-    explicit GPU(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer,
-                 bool is_async);
-
-    virtual ~GPU();
-
     struct MethodCall {
         u32 method{};
         u32 argument{};
@@ -153,6 +148,12 @@ public:
               method_count(method_count) {}
     };
 
+    explicit GPU(Core::System& system, bool is_async);
+    virtual ~GPU();
+
+    /// Binds a renderer to the GPU.
+    void BindRenderer(std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer);
+
     /// Calls a GPU method.
     void CallMethod(const MethodCall& method_call);
 
@@ -328,13 +329,12 @@ private:
     bool ExecuteMethodOnEngine(u32 method);
 
 protected:
-    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::DmaPusher> dma_pusher;
     Core::System& system;
+    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::MemoryManager> memory_manager;
+    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::DmaPusher> dma_pusher;
     std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer;
 
 private:
-    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::MemoryManager> memory_manager;
-
     /// Mapping of command subchannels to their bound engine ids
     std::array<EngineID, 8> bound_engines = {};
     /// 3D engine

src/video_core/gpu_asynch.cpp

@@ -10,16 +10,14 @@
 
 namespace VideoCommon {
 
-GPUAsynch::GPUAsynch(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer_,
-                     std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext>&& context)
-    : GPU(system, std::move(renderer_), true), gpu_thread{system},
-      cpu_context(renderer->GetRenderWindow().CreateSharedContext()),
-      gpu_context(std::move(context)) {}
+GPUAsynch::GPUAsynch(Core::System& system) : GPU{system, true}, gpu_thread{system} {}
 
 GPUAsynch::~GPUAsynch() = default;
 
 void GPUAsynch::Start() {
-    gpu_thread.StartThread(*renderer, *gpu_context, *dma_pusher);
+    gpu_thread.StartThread(*renderer, renderer->Context(), *dma_pusher);
+    cpu_context = renderer->GetRenderWindow().CreateSharedContext();
+    cpu_context->MakeCurrent();
 }
 
 void GPUAsynch::ObtainContext() {

src/video_core/gpu_asynch.h

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ namespace VideoCommon {
 /// Implementation of GPU interface that runs the GPU asynchronously
 class GPUAsynch final : public Tegra::GPU {
 public:
-    explicit GPUAsynch(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer,
-                       std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext>&& context);
+    explicit GPUAsynch(Core::System& system);
     ~GPUAsynch() override;
 
     void Start() override;
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ protected:
 private:
     GPUThread::ThreadManager gpu_thread;
     std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> cpu_context;
-    std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> gpu_context;
 };
 
 } // namespace VideoCommon

src/video_core/gpu_synch.cpp

@@ -7,20 +7,18 @@
 
 namespace VideoCommon {
 
-GPUSynch::GPUSynch(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer,
-                   std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext>&& context)
-    : GPU(system, std::move(renderer), false), context{std::move(context)} {}
+GPUSynch::GPUSynch(Core::System& system) : GPU{system, false} {}
 
 GPUSynch::~GPUSynch() = default;
 
 void GPUSynch::Start() {}
 
 void GPUSynch::ObtainContext() {
-    context->MakeCurrent();
+    renderer->Context().MakeCurrent();
 }
 
 void GPUSynch::ReleaseContext() {
-    context->DoneCurrent();
+    renderer->Context().DoneCurrent();
 }
 
 void GPUSynch::PushGPUEntries(Tegra::CommandList&& entries) {

src/video_core/gpu_synch.h

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ namespace VideoCommon {
 /// Implementation of GPU interface that runs the GPU synchronously
 class GPUSynch final : public Tegra::GPU {
 public:
-    explicit GPUSynch(Core::System& system, std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase>&& renderer,
-                      std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext>&& context);
+    explicit GPUSynch(Core::System& system);
     ~GPUSynch() override;
 
     void Start() override;
@@ -36,9 +35,6 @@ public:
 protected:
     void TriggerCpuInterrupt([[maybe_unused]] u32 syncpoint_id,
                              [[maybe_unused]] u32 value) const override {}
-
-private:
-    std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context;
 };
 
 } // namespace VideoCommon

src/video_core/macro/macro_hle.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void HLE_771BB18C62444DA0(Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, const std::vector<u32>&
     maxwell3d.regs.index_array.first = parameters[4];
 
     if (maxwell3d.ShouldExecute()) {
-        maxwell3d.GetRasterizer().Draw(true, true);
+        maxwell3d.Rasterizer().Draw(true, true);
     }
     maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count = 0;
     maxwell3d.mme_draw.instance_count = 0;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void HLE_0D61FC9FAAC9FCAD(Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, const std::vector<u32>&
     maxwell3d.mme_draw.instance_count = count;
 
     if (maxwell3d.ShouldExecute()) {
-        maxwell3d.GetRasterizer().Draw(false, true);
+        maxwell3d.Rasterizer().Draw(false, true);
     }
     maxwell3d.regs.vertex_buffer.count = 0;
     maxwell3d.mme_draw.instance_count = 0;
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ void HLE_0217920100488FF7(Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, const std::vector<u32>&
     maxwell3d.regs.draw.topology.Assign(
         static_cast<Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::PrimitiveTopology>(parameters[0]));
     if (maxwell3d.ShouldExecute()) {
-        maxwell3d.GetRasterizer().Draw(true, true);
+        maxwell3d.Rasterizer().Draw(true, true);
     }
     maxwell3d.regs.reg_array[0x446] = 0x0; // vertex id base?
     maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count = 0;

src/video_core/memory_manager.cpp

@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 
 namespace Tegra {
 
-MemoryManager::MemoryManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer)
-    : rasterizer{rasterizer}, system{system} {
+MemoryManager::MemoryManager(Core::System& system_) : system{system_} {
     page_table.Resize(address_space_width, page_bits, false);
 
     // Initialize the map with a single free region covering the entire managed space.
@@ -29,6 +28,10 @@ MemoryManager::MemoryManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterfac
 
 MemoryManager::~MemoryManager() = default;
 
+void MemoryManager::BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_) {
+    rasterizer = &rasterizer_;
+}
+
 GPUVAddr MemoryManager::AllocateSpace(u64 size, u64 align) {
     const u64 aligned_size{Common::AlignUp(size, page_size)};
     const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{FindFreeRegion(address_space_base, aligned_size)};
@@ -225,7 +228,7 @@ void MemoryManager::ReadBlock(GPUVAddr gpu_src_addr, void* dest_buffer,
         const VAddr src_addr{page_table.backing_addr[page_index] + page_offset};
         // Flush must happen on the rasterizer interface, such that memory is always synchronous
         // when it is read (even when in asynchronous GPU mode). Fixes Dead Cells title menu.
-        rasterizer.FlushRegion(src_addr, copy_amount);
+        rasterizer->FlushRegion(src_addr, copy_amount);
         memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(src_addr, dest_buffer, copy_amount);
 
         page_index++;
@@ -275,7 +278,7 @@ void MemoryManager::WriteBlock(GPUVAddr gpu_dest_addr, const void* src_buffer,
         const VAddr dest_addr{page_table.backing_addr[page_index] + page_offset};
         // Invalidate must happen on the rasterizer interface, such that memory is always
         // synchronous when it is written (even when in asynchronous GPU mode).
-        rasterizer.InvalidateRegion(dest_addr, copy_amount);
+        rasterizer->InvalidateRegion(dest_addr, copy_amount);
         memory.WriteBlockUnsafe(dest_addr, src_buffer, copy_amount);
 
         page_index++;

src/video_core/memory_manager.h

@@ -51,9 +51,12 @@ struct VirtualMemoryArea {
 
 class MemoryManager final {
 public:
-    explicit MemoryManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer);
+    explicit MemoryManager(Core::System& system);
     ~MemoryManager();
 
+    /// Binds a renderer to the memory manager.
+    void BindRasterizer(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer);
+
     GPUVAddr AllocateSpace(u64 size, u64 align);
     GPUVAddr AllocateSpace(GPUVAddr addr, u64 size, u64 align);
     GPUVAddr MapBufferEx(VAddr cpu_addr, u64 size);
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ private:
 
     Common::PageTable page_table;
     VMAMap vma_map;
-    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface* rasterizer = nullptr;
 
     Core::System& system;
 };

src/video_core/query_cache.h

@@ -95,10 +95,12 @@ template <class QueryCache, class CachedQuery, class CounterStream, class HostCo
           class QueryPool>
 class QueryCacheBase {
 public:
-    explicit QueryCacheBase(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer)
-        : system{system}, rasterizer{rasterizer}, streams{{CounterStream{
-                                                      static_cast<QueryCache&>(*this),
-                                                      VideoCore::QueryType::SamplesPassed}}} {}
+    explicit QueryCacheBase(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
+                            Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
+                            Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_)
+        : rasterizer{rasterizer_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
+          gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, streams{{CounterStream{static_cast<QueryCache&>(*this),
+                                                          VideoCore::QueryType::SamplesPassed}}} {}
 
     void InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, std::size_t size) {
         std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
@@ -118,29 +120,27 @@ public:
      */
     void Query(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VideoCore::QueryType type, std::optional<u64> timestamp) {
         std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
-        auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr_opt = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        ASSERT(cpu_addr_opt);
-        VAddr cpu_addr = *cpu_addr_opt;
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        ASSERT(cpu_addr);
 
-        CachedQuery* query = TryGet(cpu_addr);
+        CachedQuery* query = TryGet(*cpu_addr);
         if (!query) {
-            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(cpu_addr_opt, return;);
-            const auto host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
+            ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE(cpu_addr, return;);
+            u8* const host_ptr = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
 
-            query = Register(type, cpu_addr, host_ptr, timestamp.has_value());
+            query = Register(type, *cpu_addr, host_ptr, timestamp.has_value());
         }
 
         query->BindCounter(Stream(type).Current(), timestamp);
         if (Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue()) {
-            AsyncFlushQuery(cpu_addr);
+            AsyncFlushQuery(*cpu_addr);
         }
     }
 
     /// Updates counters from GPU state. Expected to be called once per draw, clear or dispatch.
     void UpdateCounters() {
         std::unique_lock lock{mutex};
-        const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+        const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
         Stream(VideoCore::QueryType::SamplesPassed).Update(regs.samplecnt_enable);
     }
 
@@ -270,8 +270,9 @@ private:
     static constexpr std::uintptr_t PAGE_SIZE = 4096;
     static constexpr unsigned PAGE_BITS = 12;
 
-    Core::System& system;
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
 
     std::recursive_mutex mutex;
 

src/video_core/rasterizer_interface.h

@@ -106,11 +106,8 @@ public:
     virtual void UpdatePagesCachedCount(VAddr addr, u64 size, int delta) {}
 
     /// Initialize disk cached resources for the game being emulated
-    virtual void LoadDiskResources(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading = false,
-                                   const DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback = {}) {}
-
-    /// Initializes renderer dirty flags
-    virtual void SetupDirtyFlags() {}
+    virtual void LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+                                   const DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) {}
 
     /// Grant access to the Guest Driver Profile for recording/obtaining info on the guest driver.
     GuestDriverProfile& AccessGuestDriverProfile() {

src/video_core/renderer_base.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 
 namespace VideoCore {
 
-RendererBase::RendererBase(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& window) : render_window{window} {
+RendererBase::RendererBase(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& window_,
+                           std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context_)
+    : render_window{window_}, context{std::move(context_)} {
     RefreshBaseSettings();
 }
 

src/video_core/renderer_base.h

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
 class EmuWindow;
-}
+class GraphicsContext;
+} // namespace Core::Frontend
 
 namespace VideoCore {
 
@@ -25,14 +26,15 @@ struct RendererSettings {
 
     // Screenshot
     std::atomic<bool> screenshot_requested{false};
-    void* screenshot_bits;
+    void* screenshot_bits{};
     std::function<void()> screenshot_complete_callback;
     Layout::FramebufferLayout screenshot_framebuffer_layout;
 };
 
 class RendererBase : NonCopyable {
 public:
-    explicit RendererBase(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& window);
+    explicit RendererBase(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& window,
+                          std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context);
     virtual ~RendererBase();
 
     /// Initialize the renderer
@@ -68,6 +70,14 @@ public:
         return *rasterizer;
     }
 
+    Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& Context() {
+        return *context;
+    }
+
+    const Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& Context() const {
+        return *context;
+    }
+
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& GetRenderWindow() {
         return render_window;
     }
@@ -94,6 +104,7 @@ public:
 protected:
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window; ///< Reference to the render window handle.
     std::unique_ptr<RasterizerInterface> rasterizer;
+    std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context;
     f32 m_current_fps = 0.0f; ///< Current framerate, should be set by the renderer
     int m_current_frame = 0;  ///< Current frame, should be set by the renderer
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -59,9 +59,10 @@ void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst
                              static_cast<GLintptr>(dst_offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
 }
 
-OGLBufferCache::OGLBufferCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+OGLBufferCache::OGLBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                                const Device& device_, std::size_t stream_size)
-    : GenericBufferCache{rasterizer, system,
+    : GenericBufferCache{rasterizer, gpu_memory, cpu_memory,
                          std::make_unique<OGLStreamBuffer>(device_, stream_size, true)},
       device{device_} {
     if (!device.HasFastBufferSubData()) {

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h

@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ private:
 using GenericBufferCache = VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, GLuint, OGLStreamBuffer>;
 class OGLBufferCache final : public GenericBufferCache {
 public:
-    explicit OGLBufferCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+    explicit OGLBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                            Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                             const Device& device, std::size_t stream_size);
     ~OGLBufferCache();
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.cpp

@@ -44,11 +44,10 @@ void GLInnerFence::Wait() {
     glClientWaitSync(sync_object.handle, 0, GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED);
 }
 
-FenceManagerOpenGL::FenceManagerOpenGL(Core::System& system,
-                                       VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+FenceManagerOpenGL::FenceManagerOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
                                        TextureCacheOpenGL& texture_cache,
                                        OGLBufferCache& buffer_cache, QueryCache& query_cache)
-    : GenericFenceManager(system, rasterizer, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache) {}
+    : GenericFenceManager{rasterizer, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache} {}
 
 Fence FenceManagerOpenGL::CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) {
     return std::make_shared<GLInnerFence>(value, is_stubbed);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.h

@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ using GenericFenceManager =
 
 class FenceManagerOpenGL final : public GenericFenceManager {
 public:
-    FenceManagerOpenGL(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                       TextureCacheOpenGL& texture_cache, OGLBufferCache& buffer_cache,
-                       QueryCache& query_cache);
+    explicit FenceManagerOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+                                TextureCacheOpenGL& texture_cache, OGLBufferCache& buffer_cache,
+                                QueryCache& query_cache);
 
 protected:
     Fence CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) override;

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_query_cache.cpp

@@ -30,12 +30,13 @@ constexpr GLenum GetTarget(VideoCore::QueryType type) {
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-QueryCache::QueryCache(Core::System& system, RasterizerOpenGL& gl_rasterizer)
+QueryCache::QueryCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                       Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory)
     : VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<
           QueryCache, CachedQuery, CounterStream, HostCounter,
-          std::vector<OGLQuery>>{system,
-                                 static_cast<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface&>(gl_rasterizer)},
-      gl_rasterizer{gl_rasterizer} {}
+          std::vector<OGLQuery>>{static_cast<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface&>(rasterizer),
+                                 maxwell3d, gpu_memory},
+      gl_rasterizer{rasterizer} {}
 
 QueryCache::~QueryCache() = default;
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_query_cache.h

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ using CounterStream = VideoCommon::CounterStreamBase<QueryCache, HostCounter>;
 class QueryCache final : public VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<QueryCache, CachedQuery, CounterStream,
                                                             HostCounter, std::vector<OGLQuery>> {
 public:
-    explicit QueryCache(Core::System& system, RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer);
+    explicit QueryCache(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                        Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory);
     ~QueryCache();
 
     OGLQuery AllocateQuery(VideoCore::QueryType type);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -141,15 +141,20 @@ void oglEnable(GLenum cap, bool state) {
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-RasterizerOpenGL::RasterizerOpenGL(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
-                                   const Device& device, ScreenInfo& info,
-                                   ProgramManager& program_manager, StateTracker& state_tracker)
-    : RasterizerAccelerated{system.Memory()}, device{device}, texture_cache{system, *this, device,
-                                                                            state_tracker},
-      shader_cache{*this, system, emu_window, device}, query_cache{system, *this},
-      buffer_cache{*this, system, device, STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE},
-      fence_manager{system, *this, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache}, system{system},
-      screen_info{info}, program_manager{program_manager}, state_tracker{state_tracker} {
+RasterizerOpenGL::RasterizerOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
+                                   Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory, const Device& device_,
+                                   ScreenInfo& screen_info_, ProgramManager& program_manager_,
+                                   StateTracker& state_tracker_)
+    : RasterizerAccelerated{cpu_memory}, gpu{gpu_}, maxwell3d{gpu.Maxwell3D()},
+      kepler_compute{gpu.KeplerCompute()}, gpu_memory{gpu.MemoryManager()}, device{device_},
+      screen_info{screen_info_}, state_tracker{state_tracker_}, texture_cache{*this, maxwell3d,
+                                                                              gpu_memory, device,
+                                                                              state_tracker},
+      shader_cache{*this, emu_window, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, device},
+      query_cache{*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory}, buffer_cache{*this, gpu_memory, cpu_memory, device,
+                                                              STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE},
+      fence_manager{*this, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache}, program_manager{
+                                                                               program_manager_} {
     CheckExtensions();
 
     unified_uniform_buffer.Create();
@@ -179,8 +184,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::CheckExtensions() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::VertexFormats]) {
         return;
     }
@@ -200,7 +204,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
         }
         flags[Dirty::VertexFormat0 + index] = false;
 
-        const auto attrib = gpu.regs.vertex_attrib_format[index];
+        const auto attrib = maxwell3d.regs.vertex_attrib_format[index];
         const auto gl_index = static_cast<GLuint>(index);
 
         // Disable constant attributes.
@@ -224,8 +228,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::VertexBuffers]) {
         return;
     }
@@ -236,7 +239,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
     const bool use_unified_memory = device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory();
 
     // Upload all guest vertex arrays sequentially to our buffer
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_BINDINGS; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::VertexBuffer0 + index]) {
             continue;
@@ -273,14 +276,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexInstances() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::VertexInstances]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::VertexInstances] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTES; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::VertexInstance0 + index]) {
             continue;
@@ -296,7 +298,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexInstances() {
 
 GLintptr RasterizerOpenGL::SetupIndexBuffer() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Index);
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     const std::size_t size = CalculateIndexBufferSize();
     const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(regs.index_array.IndexStart(), size);
     glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, info.handle);
@@ -305,16 +307,15 @@ GLintptr RasterizerOpenGL::SetupIndexBuffer() {
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Shader);
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     std::size_t num_ssbos = 0;
     u32 clip_distances = 0;
 
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram; ++index) {
-        const auto& shader_config = gpu.regs.shader_config[index];
+        const auto& shader_config = maxwell3d.regs.shader_config[index];
         const auto program{static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderProgram>(index)};
 
         // Skip stages that are not enabled
-        if (!gpu.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
+        if (!maxwell3d.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
             switch (program) {
             case Maxwell::ShaderProgram::Geometry:
                 program_manager.UseGeometryShader(0);
@@ -384,11 +385,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode) {
     }
 
     SyncClipEnabled(clip_distances);
-    gpu.dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders] = false;
+    maxwell3d.dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders] = false;
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     std::size_t size = 0;
     for (u32 index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
@@ -406,34 +407,27 @@ std::size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateIndexBufferSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
-
-    return static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.index_array.count) *
-           static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
+    return static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count) *
+           static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::LoadDiskResources(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+void RasterizerOpenGL::LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
                                          const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) {
-    shader_cache.LoadDiskCache(stop_loading, callback);
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDirtyFlags() {
-    state_tracker.Initialize();
+    shader_cache.LoadDiskCache(title_id, stop_loading, callback);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::ConfigureFramebuffers() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Framebuffer);
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    if (!gpu.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets]) {
+    if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets]) {
         return;
     }
-    gpu.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = false;
+    maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = false;
 
     texture_cache.GuardRenderTargets(true);
 
     View depth_surface = texture_cache.GetDepthBufferSurface(true);
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.rt_separate_frag_data == 0);
 
     // Bind the framebuffer surfaces
@@ -465,8 +459,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::ConfigureFramebuffers() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::ConfigureClearFramebuffer(bool using_color, bool using_depth_stencil) {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     texture_cache.GuardRenderTargets(true);
     View color_surface;
@@ -516,12 +509,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::ConfigureClearFramebuffer(bool using_color, bool using_de
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::Clear() {
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    if (!gpu.ShouldExecute()) {
+    if (!maxwell3d.ShouldExecute()) {
         return;
     }
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     bool use_color{};
     bool use_depth{};
     bool use_stencil{};
@@ -586,7 +578,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Clear() {
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Drawing);
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
@@ -634,7 +625,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     if (invalidated) {
         // When the stream buffer has been invalidated, we have to consider vertex buffers as dirty
-        auto& dirty = gpu.dirty.flags;
+        auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
         dirty[Dirty::VertexBuffers] = true;
         for (int index = Dirty::VertexBuffer0; index <= Dirty::VertexBuffer31; ++index) {
             dirty[index] = true;
@@ -655,7 +646,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
     // Setup emulation uniform buffer.
     if (!device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
         MaxwellUniformData ubo;
-        ubo.SetFromRegs(gpu);
+        ubo.SetFromRegs(maxwell3d);
         const auto info =
             buffer_cache.UploadHostMemory(&ubo, sizeof(ubo), device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
         glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, EmulationUniformBlockBinding, info.handle, info.offset,
@@ -664,7 +655,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     // Setup shaders and their used resources.
     texture_cache.GuardSamplers(true);
-    const GLenum primitive_mode = MaxwellToGL::PrimitiveTopology(gpu.regs.draw.topology);
+    const GLenum primitive_mode = MaxwellToGL::PrimitiveTopology(maxwell3d.regs.draw.topology);
     SetupShaders(primitive_mode);
     texture_cache.GuardSamplers(false);
 
@@ -681,14 +672,14 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     BeginTransformFeedback(primitive_mode);
 
-    const GLuint base_instance = static_cast<GLuint>(gpu.regs.vb_base_instance);
+    const GLuint base_instance = static_cast<GLuint>(maxwell3d.regs.vb_base_instance);
     const GLsizei num_instances =
-        static_cast<GLsizei>(is_instanced ? gpu.mme_draw.instance_count : 1);
+        static_cast<GLsizei>(is_instanced ? maxwell3d.mme_draw.instance_count : 1);
     if (is_indexed) {
-        const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(gpu.regs.vb_element_base);
-        const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(gpu.regs.index_array.count);
+        const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(maxwell3d.regs.vb_element_base);
+        const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count);
         const GLvoid* offset = reinterpret_cast<const GLvoid*>(index_buffer_offset);
-        const GLenum format = MaxwellToGL::IndexFormat(gpu.regs.index_array.format);
+        const GLenum format = MaxwellToGL::IndexFormat(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.format);
         if (num_instances == 1 && base_instance == 0 && base_vertex == 0) {
             glDrawElements(primitive_mode, num_vertices, format, offset);
         } else if (num_instances == 1 && base_instance == 0) {
@@ -707,8 +698,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
                                                           base_instance);
         }
     } else {
-        const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(gpu.regs.vertex_buffer.first);
-        const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(gpu.regs.vertex_buffer.count);
+        const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(maxwell3d.regs.vertex_buffer.first);
+        const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(maxwell3d.regs.vertex_buffer.count);
         if (num_instances == 1 && base_instance == 0) {
             glDrawArrays(primitive_mode, base_vertex, num_vertices);
         } else if (base_instance == 0) {
@@ -723,7 +714,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     ++num_queued_commands;
 
-    system.GPU().TickWork();
+    gpu.TickWork();
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
@@ -744,7 +735,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
 
     buffer_cache.Unmap();
 
-    const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
     program_manager.BindCompute(kernel->GetHandle());
     glDispatchCompute(launch_desc.grid_dim_x, launch_desc.grid_dim_y, launch_desc.grid_dim_z);
     ++num_queued_commands;
@@ -807,17 +798,14 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncGuestHost() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SignalSemaphore(GPUVAddr addr, u32 value) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
-        auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
-        memory_manager.Write<u32>(addr, value);
+        gpu_memory.Write<u32>(addr, value);
         return;
     }
     fence_manager.SignalSemaphore(addr, value);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
         gpu.IncrementSyncPoint(value);
         return;
@@ -826,7 +814,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::ReleaseFences() {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -912,7 +899,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawConstBuffers(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* sh
         GL_FRAGMENT_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV};
 
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_UBO);
-    const auto& stages = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().state.shader_stages;
+    const auto& stages = maxwell3d.state.shader_stages;
     const auto& shader_stage = stages[stage_index];
     const auto& entries = shader->GetEntries();
     const bool use_unified = entries.use_unified_uniforms;
@@ -937,7 +924,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawConstBuffers(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* sh
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeConstBuffers(Shader* kernel) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_UBO);
-    const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
     const auto& entries = kernel->GetEntries();
     const bool use_unified = entries.use_unified_uniforms;
 
@@ -1005,30 +992,26 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(GLenum stage, u32 binding,
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawGlobalMemory(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
-    auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
-    const auto cbufs{gpu.Maxwell3D().state.shader_stages[stage_index]};
+    const auto& cbufs{maxwell3d.state.shader_stages[stage_index]};
 
     u32 binding =
         device.UseAssemblyShaders() ? 0 : device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).shader_storage_buffer;
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetEntries().global_memory_entries) {
         const GPUVAddr addr{cbufs.const_buffers[entry.cbuf_index].address + entry.cbuf_offset};
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{memory_manager.Read<u64>(addr)};
-        const u32 size{memory_manager.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
+        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{gpu_memory.Read<u64>(addr)};
+        const u32 size{gpu_memory.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
         SetupGlobalMemory(binding++, entry, gpu_addr, size);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeGlobalMemory(Shader* kernel) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
-    auto& memory_manager{gpu.MemoryManager()};
-    const auto cbufs{gpu.KeplerCompute().launch_description.const_buffer_config};
+    const auto& cbufs{kepler_compute.launch_description.const_buffer_config};
 
     u32 binding = 0;
     for (const auto& entry : kernel->GetEntries().global_memory_entries) {
         const auto addr{cbufs[entry.cbuf_index].Address() + entry.cbuf_offset};
-        const auto gpu_addr{memory_manager.Read<u64>(addr)};
-        const auto size{memory_manager.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
+        const auto gpu_addr{gpu_memory.Read<u64>(addr)};
+        const auto size{gpu_memory.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
         SetupGlobalMemory(binding++, entry, gpu_addr, size);
     }
 }
@@ -1043,7 +1026,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupGlobalMemory(u32 binding, const GlobalMemoryEntry& e
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Texture);
-    const auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).sampler;
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetEntries().samplers) {
         const auto shader_type = static_cast<ShaderType>(stage_index);
@@ -1056,11 +1038,10 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawTextures(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeTextures(Shader* kernel) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Texture);
-    const auto& compute = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     u32 binding = 0;
     for (const auto& entry : kernel->GetEntries().samplers) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entry.size; ++i) {
-            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(compute, entry, ShaderType::Compute, i);
+            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ShaderType::Compute, i);
             SetupTexture(binding++, texture, entry);
         }
     }
@@ -1084,20 +1065,18 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupTexture(u32 binding, const Tegra::Texture::FullTextu
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawImages(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader) {
-    const auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).image;
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetEntries().images) {
-        const auto shader_type = static_cast<Tegra::Engines::ShaderType>(stage_index);
+        const auto shader_type = static_cast<ShaderType>(stage_index);
         const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, shader_type).tic;
         SetupImage(binding++, tic, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeImages(Shader* shader) {
-    const auto& compute = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     u32 binding = 0;
     for (const auto& entry : shader->GetEntries().images) {
-        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(compute, entry, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType::Compute).tic;
+        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ShaderType::Compute).tic;
         SetupImage(binding++, tic, entry);
     }
 }
@@ -1117,9 +1096,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupImage(u32 binding, const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& t
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     const bool dirty_viewport = flags[Dirty::Viewports];
     const bool dirty_clip_control = flags[Dirty::ClipControl];
@@ -1191,25 +1169,23 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthClamp() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::DepthClampEnabled]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::DepthClampEnabled] = false;
 
-    oglEnable(GL_DEPTH_CLAMP, gpu.regs.view_volume_clip_control.depth_clamp_disabled == 0);
+    oglEnable(GL_DEPTH_CLAMP, maxwell3d.regs.view_volume_clip_control.depth_clamp_disabled == 0);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncClipEnabled(u32 clip_mask) {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::ClipDistances] && !flags[Dirty::Shaders]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::ClipDistances] = false;
 
-    clip_mask &= gpu.regs.clip_distance_enabled;
+    clip_mask &= maxwell3d.regs.clip_distance_enabled;
     if (clip_mask == last_clip_distance_mask) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1225,9 +1201,8 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncClipCoef() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCullMode() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     if (flags[Dirty::CullTest]) {
         flags[Dirty::CullTest] = false;
@@ -1242,26 +1217,24 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncCullMode() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPrimitiveRestart() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::PrimitiveRestart]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::PrimitiveRestart] = false;
 
-    if (gpu.regs.primitive_restart.enabled) {
+    if (maxwell3d.regs.primitive_restart.enabled) {
         glEnable(GL_PRIMITIVE_RESTART);
-        glPrimitiveRestartIndex(gpu.regs.primitive_restart.index);
+        glPrimitiveRestartIndex(maxwell3d.regs.primitive_restart.index);
     } else {
         glDisable(GL_PRIMITIVE_RESTART);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthTestState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
     if (flags[Dirty::DepthMask]) {
         flags[Dirty::DepthMask] = false;
         glDepthMask(regs.depth_write_enabled ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE);
@@ -1279,14 +1252,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncDepthTestState() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncStencilTestState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::StencilTest]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::StencilTest] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     oglEnable(GL_STENCIL_TEST, regs.stencil_enable);
 
     glStencilFuncSeparate(GL_FRONT, MaxwellToGL::ComparisonOp(regs.stencil_front_func_func),
@@ -1311,25 +1283,24 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncStencilTestState() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncRasterizeEnable() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::RasterizeEnable]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::RasterizeEnable] = false;
 
-    oglEnable(GL_RASTERIZER_DISCARD, gpu.regs.rasterize_enable == 0);
+    oglEnable(GL_RASTERIZER_DISCARD, maxwell3d.regs.rasterize_enable == 0);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPolygonModes() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::PolygonModes]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::PolygonModes] = false;
 
-    if (gpu.regs.fill_rectangle) {
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
+    if (regs.fill_rectangle) {
         if (!GLAD_GL_NV_fill_rectangle) {
             LOG_ERROR(Render_OpenGL, "GL_NV_fill_rectangle used and not supported");
             glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
@@ -1342,27 +1313,26 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPolygonModes() {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (gpu.regs.polygon_mode_front == gpu.regs.polygon_mode_back) {
+    if (regs.polygon_mode_front == regs.polygon_mode_back) {
         flags[Dirty::PolygonModeFront] = false;
         flags[Dirty::PolygonModeBack] = false;
-        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(gpu.regs.polygon_mode_front));
+        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(regs.polygon_mode_front));
         return;
     }
 
     if (flags[Dirty::PolygonModeFront]) {
         flags[Dirty::PolygonModeFront] = false;
-        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(gpu.regs.polygon_mode_front));
+        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(regs.polygon_mode_front));
     }
 
     if (flags[Dirty::PolygonModeBack]) {
         flags[Dirty::PolygonModeBack] = false;
-        glPolygonMode(GL_BACK, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(gpu.regs.polygon_mode_back));
+        glPolygonMode(GL_BACK, MaxwellToGL::PolygonMode(regs.polygon_mode_back));
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncColorMask() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::ColorMasks]) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1371,7 +1341,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncColorMask() {
     const bool force = flags[Dirty::ColorMaskCommon];
     flags[Dirty::ColorMaskCommon] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.color_mask_common) {
         if (!force && !flags[Dirty::ColorMask0]) {
             return;
@@ -1396,33 +1366,30 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncColorMask() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncMultiSampleState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::MultisampleControl]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::MultisampleControl] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     oglEnable(GL_SAMPLE_ALPHA_TO_COVERAGE, regs.multisample_control.alpha_to_coverage);
     oglEnable(GL_SAMPLE_ALPHA_TO_ONE, regs.multisample_control.alpha_to_one);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncFragmentColorClampState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::FragmentClampColor]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::FragmentClampColor] = false;
 
-    glClampColor(GL_CLAMP_FRAGMENT_COLOR, gpu.regs.frag_color_clamp ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE);
+    glClampColor(GL_CLAMP_FRAGMENT_COLOR, maxwell3d.regs.frag_color_clamp ? GL_TRUE : GL_FALSE);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     if (flags[Dirty::BlendColor]) {
         flags[Dirty::BlendColor] = false;
@@ -1479,14 +1446,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncBlendState() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncLogicOpState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::LogicOp]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::LogicOp] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.logic_op.enable) {
         glEnable(GL_COLOR_LOGIC_OP);
         glLogicOp(MaxwellToGL::LogicOp(regs.logic_op.operation));
@@ -1496,14 +1462,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncLogicOpState() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncScissorTest() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::Scissors]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::Scissors] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumViewports; ++index) {
         if (!flags[Dirty::Scissor0 + index]) {
             continue;
@@ -1522,16 +1487,15 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncScissorTest() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPointState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::PointSize]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::PointSize] = false;
 
-    oglEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE, gpu.regs.point_sprite_enable);
+    oglEnable(GL_POINT_SPRITE, maxwell3d.regs.point_sprite_enable);
 
-    if (gpu.regs.vp_point_size.enable) {
+    if (maxwell3d.regs.vp_point_size.enable) {
         // By definition of GL_POINT_SIZE, it only matters if GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE is disabled.
         glEnable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);
         return;
@@ -1539,32 +1503,30 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPointState() {
 
     // Limit the point size to 1 since nouveau sometimes sets a point size of 0 (and that's invalid
     // in OpenGL).
-    glPointSize(std::max(1.0f, gpu.regs.point_size));
+    glPointSize(std::max(1.0f, maxwell3d.regs.point_size));
     glDisable(GL_PROGRAM_POINT_SIZE);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncLineState() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::LineWidth]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::LineWidth] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     oglEnable(GL_LINE_SMOOTH, regs.line_smooth_enable);
     glLineWidth(regs.line_smooth_enable ? regs.line_width_smooth : regs.line_width_aliased);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPolygonOffset() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::PolygonOffset]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::PolygonOffset] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     oglEnable(GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL, regs.polygon_offset_fill_enable);
     oglEnable(GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_LINE, regs.polygon_offset_line_enable);
     oglEnable(GL_POLYGON_OFFSET_POINT, regs.polygon_offset_point_enable);
@@ -1578,14 +1540,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncPolygonOffset() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncAlphaTest() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::AlphaTest]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::AlphaTest] = false;
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.alpha_test_enabled && regs.rt_control.count > 1) {
         LOG_WARNING(Render_OpenGL, "Alpha testing with more than one render target is not tested");
     }
@@ -1599,20 +1560,19 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncAlphaTest() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncFramebufferSRGB() {
-    auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& flags = gpu.dirty.flags;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::FramebufferSRGB]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::FramebufferSRGB] = false;
 
-    oglEnable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB, gpu.regs.framebuffer_srgb);
+    oglEnable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB, maxwell3d.regs.framebuffer_srgb);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTransformFeedback() {
     // TODO(Rodrigo): Inject SKIP_COMPONENTS*_NV when required. An unimplemented message will signal
     // when this is required.
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     static constexpr std::size_t STRIDE = 3;
     std::array<GLint, 128 * STRIDE * Maxwell::NumTransformFeedbackBuffers> attribs;
@@ -1664,7 +1624,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncTransformFeedback() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitive_mode) {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }
@@ -1707,7 +1667,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitive_mode) {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::EndTransformFeedback() {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/utils.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
+namespace Core::Memory {
+class Memory;
 }
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
@@ -54,9 +54,10 @@ struct DrawParameters;
 
 class RasterizerOpenGL : public VideoCore::RasterizerAccelerated {
 public:
-    explicit RasterizerOpenGL(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
-                              const Device& device, ScreenInfo& info,
-                              ProgramManager& program_manager, StateTracker& state_tracker);
+    explicit RasterizerOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+                              Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory, const Device& device,
+                              ScreenInfo& screen_info, ProgramManager& program_manager,
+                              StateTracker& state_tracker);
     ~RasterizerOpenGL() override;
 
     void Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) override;
@@ -82,9 +83,8 @@ public:
                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) override;
     bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config, VAddr framebuffer_addr,
                            u32 pixel_stride) override;
-    void LoadDiskResources(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+    void LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
                            const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) override;
-    void SetupDirtyFlags() override;
 
     /// Returns true when there are commands queued to the OpenGL server.
     bool AnyCommandQueued() const {
@@ -228,7 +228,14 @@ private:
 
     void SetupShaders(GLenum primitive_mode);
 
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+
     const Device& device;
+    ScreenInfo& screen_info;
+    StateTracker& state_tracker;
 
     TextureCacheOpenGL texture_cache;
     ShaderCacheOpenGL shader_cache;
@@ -238,10 +245,7 @@ private:
     OGLBufferCache buffer_cache;
     FenceManagerOpenGL fence_manager;
 
-    Core::System& system;
-    ScreenInfo& screen_info;
     ProgramManager& program_manager;
-    StateTracker& state_tracker;
 
     static constexpr std::size_t STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.cpp

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Shader> Shader::CreateStageFromMemory(const ShaderParameters& pa
     const auto shader_type = GetShaderType(program_type);
     const std::size_t size_in_bytes = code.size() * sizeof(u64);
 
-    auto registry = std::make_shared<Registry>(shader_type, params.system.GPU().Maxwell3D());
+    auto registry = std::make_shared<Registry>(shader_type, params.engine);
     const ShaderIR ir(code, STAGE_MAIN_OFFSET, COMPILER_SETTINGS, *registry);
     // TODO(Rodrigo): Handle VertexA shaders
     // std::optional<ShaderIR> ir_b;
@@ -249,8 +249,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Shader> Shader::CreateKernelFromMemory(const ShaderParameters& p
                                                        ProgramCode code) {
     const std::size_t size_in_bytes = code.size() * sizeof(u64);
 
-    auto& engine = params.system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
-    auto registry = std::make_shared<Registry>(ShaderType::Compute, engine);
+    auto registry = std::make_shared<Registry>(ShaderType::Compute, params.engine);
     const ShaderIR ir(code, KERNEL_MAIN_OFFSET, COMPILER_SETTINGS, *registry);
     const u64 uid = params.unique_identifier;
     auto program = BuildShader(params.device, ShaderType::Compute, uid, ir, *registry);
@@ -277,15 +276,20 @@ std::unique_ptr<Shader> Shader::CreateFromCache(const ShaderParameters& params,
         precompiled_shader.registry, precompiled_shader.entries, precompiled_shader.program));
 }
 
-ShaderCacheOpenGL::ShaderCacheOpenGL(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
-                                     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const Device& device)
-    : VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader>{rasterizer}, system{system},
-      emu_window{emu_window}, device{device}, disk_cache{system} {}
+ShaderCacheOpenGL::ShaderCacheOpenGL(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer,
+                                     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_,
+                                     Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
+                                     Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute_,
+                                     Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, const Device& device_)
+    : VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader>{rasterizer}, emu_window{emu_window_},
+      gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
+      kepler_compute{kepler_compute_}, device{device_} {}
 
 ShaderCacheOpenGL::~ShaderCacheOpenGL() = default;
 
-void ShaderCacheOpenGL::LoadDiskCache(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+void ShaderCacheOpenGL::LoadDiskCache(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
                                       const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback) {
+    disk_cache.BindTitleID(title_id);
     const std::optional transferable = disk_cache.LoadTransferable();
     if (!transferable) {
         return;
@@ -437,35 +441,34 @@ ProgramSharedPtr ShaderCacheOpenGL::GeneratePrecompiledProgram(
 }
 
 Shader* ShaderCacheOpenGL::GetStageProgram(Maxwell::ShaderProgram program) {
-    if (!system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders]) {
+    if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders]) {
         return last_shaders[static_cast<std::size_t>(program)];
     }
 
-    auto& memory_manager{system.GPU().MemoryManager()};
-    const GPUVAddr address{GetShaderAddress(system, program)};
+    const GPUVAddr address{GetShaderAddress(maxwell3d, program)};
 
     // Look up shader in the cache based on address
-    const auto cpu_addr{memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(address)};
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr{gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(address)};
     if (Shader* const shader{cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_shader.get()}) {
         return last_shaders[static_cast<std::size_t>(program)] = shader;
     }
 
-    const auto host_ptr{memory_manager.GetPointer(address)};
+    const u8* const host_ptr{gpu_memory.GetPointer(address)};
 
     // No shader found - create a new one
-    ProgramCode code{GetShaderCode(memory_manager, address, host_ptr, false)};
+    ProgramCode code{GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, address, host_ptr, false)};
     ProgramCode code_b;
     if (program == Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexA) {
-        const GPUVAddr address_b{GetShaderAddress(system, Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexB)};
-        const u8* host_ptr_b = memory_manager.GetPointer(address_b);
-        code_b = GetShaderCode(memory_manager, address_b, host_ptr_b, false);
+        const GPUVAddr address_b{GetShaderAddress(maxwell3d, Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexB)};
+        const u8* host_ptr_b = gpu_memory.GetPointer(address_b);
+        code_b = GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, address_b, host_ptr_b, false);
     }
     const std::size_t code_size = code.size() * sizeof(u64);
 
     const u64 unique_identifier = GetUniqueIdentifier(
         GetShaderType(program), program == Maxwell::ShaderProgram::VertexA, code, code_b);
 
-    const ShaderParameters params{system,    disk_cache, device,
+    const ShaderParameters params{maxwell3d, disk_cache, device,
                                   *cpu_addr, host_ptr,   unique_identifier};
 
     std::unique_ptr<Shader> shader;
@@ -487,21 +490,20 @@ Shader* ShaderCacheOpenGL::GetStageProgram(Maxwell::ShaderProgram program) {
 }
 
 Shader* ShaderCacheOpenGL::GetComputeKernel(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
-    auto& memory_manager{system.GPU().MemoryManager()};
-    const auto cpu_addr{memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(code_addr)};
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr{gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(code_addr)};
 
     if (Shader* const kernel = cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_kernel.get()) {
         return kernel;
     }
 
-    const auto host_ptr{memory_manager.GetPointer(code_addr)};
     // No kernel found, create a new one
-    ProgramCode code{GetShaderCode(memory_manager, code_addr, host_ptr, true)};
+    const u8* host_ptr{gpu_memory.GetPointer(code_addr)};
+    ProgramCode code{GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, code_addr, host_ptr, true)};
     const std::size_t code_size{code.size() * sizeof(u64)};
     const u64 unique_identifier{GetUniqueIdentifier(ShaderType::Compute, false, code)};
 
-    const ShaderParameters params{system,    disk_cache, device,
-                                  *cpu_addr, host_ptr,   unique_identifier};
+    const ShaderParameters params{kepler_compute, disk_cache, device,
+                                  *cpu_addr,      host_ptr,   unique_identifier};
 
     std::unique_ptr<Shader> kernel;
     const auto found = runtime_cache.find(unique_identifier);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_cache.h

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include "video_core/shader/shader_ir.h"
 #include "video_core/shader_cache.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
+namespace Tegra {
+class MemoryManager;
 }
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ struct PrecompiledShader {
 };
 
 struct ShaderParameters {
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& engine;
     ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL& disk_cache;
     const Device& device;
     VAddr cpu_addr;
-    u8* host_ptr;
+    const u8* host_ptr;
     u64 unique_identifier;
 };
 
@@ -95,12 +95,14 @@ private:
 
 class ShaderCacheOpenGL final : public VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader> {
 public:
-    explicit ShaderCacheOpenGL(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
-                               Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const Device& device);
+    explicit ShaderCacheOpenGL(RasterizerOpenGL& rasterizer, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+                               Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                               Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute,
+                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const Device& device);
     ~ShaderCacheOpenGL() override;
 
     /// Loads disk cache for the current game
-    void LoadDiskCache(const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
+    void LoadDiskCache(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
                        const VideoCore::DiskResourceLoadCallback& callback);
 
     /// Gets the current specified shader stage program
@@ -114,9 +116,12 @@ private:
         const ShaderDiskCacheEntry& entry, const ShaderDiskCachePrecompiled& precompiled_entry,
         const std::unordered_set<GLenum>& supported_formats);
 
-    Core::System& system;
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
     const Device& device;
+
     ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL disk_cache;
     std::unordered_map<u64, PrecompiledShader> runtime_cache;
 

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.cpp

@@ -206,13 +206,17 @@ bool ShaderDiskCacheEntry::Save(FileUtil::IOFile& file) const {
                flat_bindless_samplers.size();
 }
 
-ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL(Core::System& system) : system{system} {}
+ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL() {}
 
 ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::~ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL() = default;
 
+void ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::BindTitleID(u64 title_id_) {
+    title_id = title_id_;
+}
+
 std::optional<std::vector<ShaderDiskCacheEntry>> ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::LoadTransferable() {
     // Skip games without title id
-    const bool has_title_id = system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID() != 0;
+    const bool has_title_id = title_id != 0;
     if (!Settings::values.use_disk_shader_cache.GetValue() || !has_title_id) {
         return {};
     }
@@ -473,7 +477,7 @@ std::string ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::GetBaseDir() const {
 }
 
 std::string ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL::GetTitleID() const {
-    return fmt::format("{:016X}", system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID());
+    return fmt::format("{:016X}", title_id);
 }
 
 } // namespace OpenGL

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_disk_cache.h

@@ -21,10 +21,6 @@
 #include "video_core/engines/shader_type.h"
 #include "video_core/shader/registry.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
-
 namespace FileUtil {
 class IOFile;
 }
@@ -70,9 +66,12 @@ struct ShaderDiskCachePrecompiled {
 
 class ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL {
 public:
-    explicit ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL(Core::System& system);
+    explicit ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL();
     ~ShaderDiskCacheOpenGL();
 
+    /// Binds a title ID for all future operations.
+    void BindTitleID(u64 title_id);
+
     /// Loads transferable cache. If file has a old version or on failure, it deletes the file.
     std::optional<std::vector<ShaderDiskCacheEntry>> LoadTransferable();
 
@@ -157,8 +156,6 @@ private:
         return LoadArrayFromPrecompiled(&object, 1);
     }
 
-    Core::System& system;
-
     // Stores whole precompiled cache which will be read from or saved to the precompiled chache
     // file
     FileSys::VectorVfsFile precompiled_cache_virtual_file;
@@ -168,8 +165,11 @@ private:
     // Stored transferable shaders
     std::unordered_set<u64> stored_transferable;
 
+    /// Title ID to operate on
+    u64 title_id = 0;
+
     // The cache has been loaded at boot
-    bool is_usable{};
+    bool is_usable = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace OpenGL

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.cpp

@@ -214,10 +214,8 @@ void SetupDirtyMisc(Tables& tables) {
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-StateTracker::StateTracker(Core::System& system) : system{system} {}
-
-void StateTracker::Initialize() {
-    auto& dirty = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty;
+StateTracker::StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu) : flags{gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty.flags} {
+    auto& dirty = gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty;
     auto& tables = dirty.tables;
     SetupDirtyRenderTargets(tables);
     SetupDirtyColorMasks(tables);

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.h

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #include "video_core/dirty_flags.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
+namespace Tegra {
+class GPU;
 }
 
 namespace OpenGL {
@@ -90,9 +90,7 @@ static_assert(Last <= std::numeric_limits<u8>::max());
 
 class StateTracker {
 public:
-    explicit StateTracker(Core::System& system);
-
-    void Initialize();
+    explicit StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu);
 
     void BindIndexBuffer(GLuint new_index_buffer) {
         if (index_buffer == new_index_buffer) {
@@ -103,7 +101,6 @@ public:
     }
 
     void NotifyScreenDrawVertexArray() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormats] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormat0 + 0] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormat0 + 1] = true;
@@ -117,98 +114,81 @@ public:
     }
 
     void NotifyPolygonModes() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::PolygonModes] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::PolygonModeFront] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::PolygonModeBack] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyViewport0() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::Viewports] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::Viewport0] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyScissor0() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::Scissors] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::Scissor0] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyColorMask0() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::ColorMasks] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::ColorMask0] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyBlend0() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::BlendStates] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::BlendState0] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyFramebuffer() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyFrontFace() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::FrontFace] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyCullTest() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::CullTest] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyDepthMask() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::DepthMask] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyDepthTest() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::DepthTest] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyStencilTest() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::StencilTest] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyPolygonOffset() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::PolygonOffset] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyRasterizeEnable() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::RasterizeEnable] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyFramebufferSRGB() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::FramebufferSRGB] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyLogicOp() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::LogicOp] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyClipControl() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::ClipControl] = true;
     }
 
     void NotifyAlphaTest() {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::AlphaTest] = true;
     }
 
 private:
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::DirtyState::Flags& flags;
 
     GLuint index_buffer = 0;
 };

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -520,10 +520,12 @@ OGLTextureView CachedSurfaceView::CreateTextureView() const {
     return texture_view;
 }
 
-TextureCacheOpenGL::TextureCacheOpenGL(Core::System& system,
-                                       VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                                       const Device& device, StateTracker& state_tracker)
-    : TextureCacheBase{system, rasterizer, device.HasASTC()}, state_tracker{state_tracker} {
+TextureCacheOpenGL::TextureCacheOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                                       Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                                       Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const Device& device,
+                                       StateTracker& state_tracker_)
+    : TextureCacheBase{rasterizer, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device.HasASTC()}, state_tracker{
+                                                                                 state_tracker_} {
     src_framebuffer.Create();
     dst_framebuffer.Create();
 }

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.h

@@ -129,8 +129,10 @@ private:
 
 class TextureCacheOpenGL final : public TextureCacheBase {
 public:
-    explicit TextureCacheOpenGL(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                                const Device& device, StateTracker& state_tracker);
+    explicit TextureCacheOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                                Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                                Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const Device& device,
+                                StateTracker& state_tracker);
     ~TextureCacheOpenGL();
 
 protected:

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp

@@ -313,10 +313,13 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system,
-                               Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context)
-    : RendererBase{emu_window}, emu_window{emu_window}, system{system}, context{context},
-      program_manager{device}, has_debug_tool{HasDebugTool()} {}
+RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session_,
+                               Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_,
+                               Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
+                               std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context)
+    : RendererBase{emu_window_, std::move(context)}, telemetry_session{telemetry_session_},
+      emu_window{emu_window_}, cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, gpu{gpu_}, program_manager{device},
+      has_debug_tool{HasDebugTool()} {}
 
 RendererOpenGL::~RendererOpenGL() = default;
 
@@ -384,7 +387,7 @@ void RendererOpenGL::SwapBuffers(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig* framebuffer) {
     if (has_debug_tool) {
         glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);
         Present(0);
-        context.SwapBuffers();
+        context->SwapBuffers();
     }
 }
 
@@ -423,7 +426,7 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadFBToScreenInfo(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuf
         VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(framebuffer.pixel_format)};
     const u32 bytes_per_pixel{VideoCore::Surface::GetBytesPerPixel(pixel_format)};
     const u64 size_in_bytes{framebuffer.stride * framebuffer.height * bytes_per_pixel};
-    u8* const host_ptr{system.Memory().GetPointer(framebuffer_addr)};
+    u8* const host_ptr{cpu_memory.GetPointer(framebuffer_addr)};
     rasterizer->FlushRegion(ToCacheAddr(host_ptr), size_in_bytes);
 
     // TODO(Rodrigo): Read this from HLE
@@ -508,7 +511,6 @@ void RendererOpenGL::AddTelemetryFields() {
     LOG_INFO(Render_OpenGL, "GL_VENDOR: {}", gpu_vendor);
     LOG_INFO(Render_OpenGL, "GL_RENDERER: {}", gpu_model);
 
-    auto& telemetry_session = system.TelemetrySession();
     telemetry_session.AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::UserSystem, "GPU_Vendor", gpu_vendor);
     telemetry_session.AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::UserSystem, "GPU_Model", gpu_model);
     telemetry_session.AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::UserSystem, "GPU_OpenGL_Version", gl_version);
@@ -518,8 +520,8 @@ void RendererOpenGL::CreateRasterizer() {
     if (rasterizer) {
         return;
     }
-    rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerOpenGL>(system, emu_window, device, screen_info,
-                                                    program_manager, state_tracker);
+    rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerOpenGL>(emu_window, gpu, cpu_memory, device,
+                                                    screen_info, program_manager, state_tracker);
 }
 
 void RendererOpenGL::ConfigureFramebufferTexture(TextureInfo& texture,

src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h

@@ -16,16 +16,25 @@
 
 namespace Core {
 class System;
-}
+class TelemetrySession;
+} // namespace Core
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
 class EmuWindow;
 }
 
+namespace Core::Memory {
+class Memory;
+}
+
 namespace Layout {
 struct FramebufferLayout;
 }
 
+namespace Tegra {
+class GPU;
+}
+
 namespace OpenGL {
 
 /// Structure used for storing information about the textures for the Switch screen
@@ -56,8 +65,10 @@ class FrameMailbox;
 
 class RendererOpenGL final : public VideoCore::RendererBase {
 public:
-    explicit RendererOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system,
-                            Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context);
+    explicit RendererOpenGL(Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session,
+                            Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
+                            Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+                            std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context);
     ~RendererOpenGL() override;
 
     bool Init() override;
@@ -93,12 +104,13 @@ private:
 
     bool Present(int timeout_ms);
 
+    Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session;
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window;
-    Core::System& system;
-    Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context;
-    const Device device;
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
 
-    StateTracker state_tracker{system};
+    const Device device;
+    StateTracker state_tracker{gpu};
 
     // OpenGL object IDs
     OGLBuffer vertex_buffer;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp

@@ -237,8 +237,12 @@ std::string BuildCommaSeparatedExtensions(std::vector<std::string> available_ext
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-RendererVulkan::RendererVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& window, Core::System& system)
-    : RendererBase(window), system{system} {}
+RendererVulkan::RendererVulkan(Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session_,
+                               Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+                               Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
+                               std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context)
+    : RendererBase{emu_window, std::move(context)}, telemetry_session{telemetry_session_},
+      cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, gpu{gpu_} {}
 
 RendererVulkan::~RendererVulkan() {
     ShutDown();
@@ -302,15 +306,15 @@ bool RendererVulkan::Init() {
     swapchain = std::make_unique<VKSwapchain>(*surface, *device);
     swapchain->Create(framebuffer.width, framebuffer.height, false);
 
-    state_tracker = std::make_unique<StateTracker>(system);
+    state_tracker = std::make_unique<StateTracker>(gpu);
 
     scheduler = std::make_unique<VKScheduler>(*device, *resource_manager, *state_tracker);
 
-    rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerVulkan>(system, render_window, screen_info, *device,
-                                                    *resource_manager, *memory_manager,
-                                                    *state_tracker, *scheduler);
+    rasterizer = std::make_unique<RasterizerVulkan>(gpu, gpu.MemoryManager(), cpu_memory,
+                                                    screen_info, *device, *resource_manager,
+                                                    *memory_manager, *state_tracker, *scheduler);
 
-    blit_screen = std::make_unique<VKBlitScreen>(system, render_window, *rasterizer, *device,
+    blit_screen = std::make_unique<VKBlitScreen>(cpu_memory, render_window, *rasterizer, *device,
                                                  *resource_manager, *memory_manager, *swapchain,
                                                  *scheduler, screen_info);
 
@@ -438,8 +442,7 @@ void RendererVulkan::Report() const {
     LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Device: {}", model_name);
     LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Vulkan: {}", api_version);
 
-    auto& telemetry_session = system.TelemetrySession();
-    constexpr auto field = Telemetry::FieldType::UserSystem;
+    static constexpr auto field = Telemetry::FieldType::UserSystem;
     telemetry_session.AddField(field, "GPU_Vendor", vendor_name);
     telemetry_session.AddField(field, "GPU_Model", model_name);
     telemetry_session.AddField(field, "GPU_Vulkan_Driver", driver_name);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.h

@@ -14,7 +14,15 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/wrapper.h"
 
 namespace Core {
-class System;
+class TelemetrySession;
+}
+
+namespace Core::Memory {
+class Memory;
+}
+
+namespace Tegra {
+class GPU;
 }
 
 namespace Vulkan {
@@ -38,7 +46,10 @@ struct VKScreenInfo {
 
 class RendererVulkan final : public VideoCore::RendererBase {
 public:
-    explicit RendererVulkan(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& window, Core::System& system);
+    explicit RendererVulkan(Core::TelemetrySession& telemtry_session,
+                            Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
+                            Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+                            std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context);
     ~RendererVulkan() override;
 
     bool Init() override;
@@ -57,7 +68,9 @@ private:
 
     void Report() const;
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session;
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
 
     Common::DynamicLibrary library;
     vk::InstanceDispatch dld;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.cpp

@@ -210,14 +210,16 @@ struct VKBlitScreen::BufferData {
     // Unaligned image data goes here
 };
 
-VKBlitScreen::VKBlitScreen(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
-                           VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, const VKDevice& device,
-                           VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                           VKSwapchain& swapchain, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                           const VKScreenInfo& screen_info)
-    : system{system}, render_window{render_window}, rasterizer{rasterizer}, device{device},
-      resource_manager{resource_manager}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, swapchain{swapchain},
-      scheduler{scheduler}, image_count{swapchain.GetImageCount()}, screen_info{screen_info} {
+VKBlitScreen::VKBlitScreen(Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_,
+                           Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window_,
+                           VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_, const VKDevice& device_,
+                           VKResourceManager& resource_manager_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_,
+                           VKSwapchain& swapchain_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
+                           const VKScreenInfo& screen_info_)
+    : cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, render_window{render_window_},
+      rasterizer{rasterizer_}, device{device_}, resource_manager{resource_manager_},
+      memory_manager{memory_manager_}, swapchain{swapchain_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
+      image_count{swapchain.GetImageCount()}, screen_info{screen_info_} {
     watches.resize(image_count);
     std::generate(watches.begin(), watches.end(),
                   []() { return std::make_unique<VKFenceWatch>(); });
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ std::tuple<VKFence&, VkSemaphore> VKBlitScreen::Draw(const Tegra::FramebufferCon
         const auto pixel_format =
             VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(framebuffer.pixel_format);
         const VAddr framebuffer_addr = framebuffer.address + framebuffer.offset;
-        const auto host_ptr = system.Memory().GetPointer(framebuffer_addr);
+        const auto host_ptr = cpu_memory.GetPointer(framebuffer_addr);
         rasterizer.FlushRegion(ToCacheAddr(host_ptr), GetSizeInBytes(framebuffer));
 
         // TODO(Rodrigo): Read this from HLE

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_blit_screen.h

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ namespace Core {
 class System;
 }
 
+namespace Core::Memory {
+class Memory;
+}
+
 namespace Core::Frontend {
 class EmuWindow;
 }
@@ -39,7 +43,8 @@ class VKSwapchain;
 
 class VKBlitScreen final {
 public:
-    explicit VKBlitScreen(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
+    explicit VKBlitScreen(Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
+                          Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
                           VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, const VKDevice& device,
                           VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
                           VKSwapchain& swapchain, VKScheduler& scheduler,
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@ private:
     u64 GetRawImageOffset(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer,
                           std::size_t image_index) const;
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
     Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window;
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
     const VKDevice& device;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.cpp

@@ -142,14 +142,15 @@ void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst
     });
 }
 
-VKBufferCache::VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
-                             const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                             VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool)
-    : VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer>{rasterizer, system,
-                                                                 CreateStreamBuffer(device,
-                                                                                    scheduler)},
-      device{device}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler}, staging_pool{
-                                                                                staging_pool} {}
+VKBufferCache::VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                             Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
+                             const VKDevice& device_, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_,
+                             VKScheduler& scheduler_, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool_)
+    : VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer>{rasterizer, gpu_memory, cpu_memory,
+                                                                 CreateStreamBuffer(device_,
+                                                                                    scheduler_)},
+      device{device_}, memory_manager{memory_manager_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_pool{
+                                                                                   staging_pool_} {}
 
 VKBufferCache::~VKBufferCache() = default;
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_buffer_cache.h

@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/wrapper.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
-
 namespace Vulkan {
 
 class VKDevice;
@@ -53,7 +49,8 @@ private:
 
 class VKBufferCache final : public VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, VkBuffer, VKStreamBuffer> {
 public:
-    explicit VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Core::System& system,
+    explicit VKBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                           Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
                            const VKDevice& device, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
                            VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool);
     ~VKBufferCache();

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_fence_manager.cpp

@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ bool InnerFence::IsEventSignalled() const {
     }
 }
 
-VKFenceManager::VKFenceManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                               const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                               VKTextureCache& texture_cache, VKBufferCache& buffer_cache,
-                               VKQueryCache& query_cache)
-    : GenericFenceManager(system, rasterizer, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
-      device{device}, scheduler{scheduler} {}
+VKFenceManager::VKFenceManager(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+                               Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager, VKTextureCache& texture_cache,
+                               VKBufferCache& buffer_cache, VKQueryCache& query_cache,
+                               const VKDevice& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_)
+    : GenericFenceManager(rasterizer, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
+      device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_} {}
 
 Fence VKFenceManager::CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) {
     return std::make_shared<InnerFence>(device, scheduler, value, is_stubbed);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_fence_manager.h

@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ using GenericFenceManager =
 
 class VKFenceManager final : public GenericFenceManager {
 public:
-    explicit VKFenceManager(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                            const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                            VKTextureCache& texture_cache, VKBufferCache& buffer_cache,
-                            VKQueryCache& query_cache);
+    explicit VKFenceManager(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+                            Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager, VKTextureCache& texture_cache,
+                            VKBufferCache& buffer_cache, VKQueryCache& query_cache,
+                            const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler);
 
 protected:
     Fence CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) override;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.cpp

@@ -133,64 +133,57 @@ bool ComputePipelineCacheKey::operator==(const ComputePipelineCacheKey& rhs) con
     return std::memcmp(&rhs, this, sizeof *this) == 0;
 }
 
-Shader::Shader(Core::System& system, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
-               VideoCommon::Shader::ProgramCode program_code, u32 main_offset)
-    : gpu_addr{gpu_addr}, program_code{std::move(program_code)},
-      registry{stage, GetEngine(system, stage)}, shader_ir{this->program_code, main_offset,
-                                                           compiler_settings, registry},
-      entries{GenerateShaderEntries(shader_ir)} {}
+Shader::Shader(Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& engine, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage,
+               GPUVAddr gpu_addr_, VAddr cpu_addr, VideoCommon::Shader::ProgramCode program_code_,
+               u32 main_offset)
+    : gpu_addr{gpu_addr_}, program_code{std::move(program_code_)}, registry{stage, engine},
+      shader_ir{program_code, main_offset, compiler_settings, registry}, entries{
+                                                                             GenerateShaderEntries(
+                                                                                 shader_ir)} {}
 
 Shader::~Shader() = default;
 
-Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& Shader::GetEngine(Core::System& system,
-                                                              Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage) {
-    if (stage == ShaderType::Compute) {
-        return system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
-    } else {
-        return system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    }
-}
-
-VKPipelineCache::VKPipelineCache(Core::System& system, RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer,
-                                 const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                                 VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
-                                 VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue,
-                                 VKRenderPassCache& renderpass_cache)
-    : VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader>{rasterizer}, system{system}, device{device},
-      scheduler{scheduler}, descriptor_pool{descriptor_pool},
-      update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue}, renderpass_cache{renderpass_cache} {}
+VKPipelineCache::VKPipelineCache(RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer,
+                                 Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
+                                 Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute_,
+                                 Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, const VKDevice& device_,
+                                 VKScheduler& scheduler_, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool_,
+                                 VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue_,
+                                 VKRenderPassCache& renderpass_cache_)
+    : VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader>{rasterizer}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
+      kepler_compute{kepler_compute_}, gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, device{device_},
+      scheduler{scheduler_}, descriptor_pool{descriptor_pool_},
+      update_descriptor_queue{update_descriptor_queue_}, renderpass_cache{renderpass_cache_} {}
 
 VKPipelineCache::~VKPipelineCache() = default;
 
 std::array<Shader*, Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram> VKPipelineCache::GetShaders() {
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-
     std::array<Shader*, Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram> shaders{};
+
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::MaxShaderProgram; ++index) {
         const auto program{static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderProgram>(index)};
 
         // Skip stages that are not enabled
-        if (!gpu.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
+        if (!maxwell3d.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        auto& memory_manager{system.GPU().MemoryManager()};
-        const GPUVAddr program_addr{GetShaderAddress(system, program)};
-        const std::optional cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(program_addr);
+        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{GetShaderAddress(maxwell3d, program)};
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         ASSERT(cpu_addr);
 
         Shader* result = cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_shader.get();
         if (!result) {
-            const auto host_ptr{memory_manager.GetPointer(program_addr)};
+            const u8* const host_ptr{gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr)};
 
             // No shader found - create a new one
-            constexpr u32 stage_offset = STAGE_MAIN_OFFSET;
+            static constexpr u32 stage_offset = STAGE_MAIN_OFFSET;
             const auto stage = static_cast<ShaderType>(index == 0 ? 0 : index - 1);
-            ProgramCode code = GetShaderCode(memory_manager, program_addr, host_ptr, false);
+            ProgramCode code = GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, host_ptr, false);
             const std::size_t size_in_bytes = code.size() * sizeof(u64);
 
-            auto shader = std::make_unique<Shader>(system, stage, program_addr, std::move(code),
-                                                   stage_offset);
+            auto shader = std::make_unique<Shader>(maxwell3d, stage, gpu_addr, *cpu_addr,
+                                                   std::move(code), stage_offset);
             result = shader.get();
 
             if (cpu_addr) {
@@ -234,22 +227,21 @@ VKComputePipeline& VKPipelineCache::GetComputePipeline(const ComputePipelineCach
     }
     LOG_INFO(Render_Vulkan, "Compile 0x{:016X}", key.Hash());
 
-    auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
-    const auto program_addr = key.shader;
+    const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = key.shader;
 
-    const auto cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(program_addr);
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
     ASSERT(cpu_addr);
 
     Shader* shader = cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_kernel.get();
     if (!shader) {
         // No shader found - create a new one
-        const auto host_ptr = memory_manager.GetPointer(program_addr);
+        const auto host_ptr = gpu_memory.GetPointer(gpu_addr);
 
-        ProgramCode code = GetShaderCode(memory_manager, program_addr, host_ptr, true);
+        ProgramCode code = GetShaderCode(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, host_ptr, true);
         const std::size_t size_in_bytes = code.size() * sizeof(u64);
 
-        auto shader_info = std::make_unique<Shader>(system, ShaderType::Compute, program_addr,
-                                                    std::move(code), KERNEL_MAIN_OFFSET);
+        auto shader_info = std::make_unique<Shader>(kepler_compute, ShaderType::Compute, gpu_addr,
+                                                    *cpu_addr, std::move(code), KERNEL_MAIN_OFFSET);
         shader = shader_info.get();
 
         if (cpu_addr) {
@@ -308,8 +300,6 @@ void VKPipelineCache::OnShaderRemoval(Shader* shader) {
 std::pair<SPIRVProgram, std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding>>
 VKPipelineCache::DecompileShaders(const GraphicsPipelineCacheKey& key) {
     const auto& fixed_state = key.fixed_state;
-    auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
 
     Specialization specialization;
     if (fixed_state.dynamic_state.Topology() == Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology::Points ||
@@ -333,12 +323,12 @@ VKPipelineCache::DecompileShaders(const GraphicsPipelineCacheKey& key) {
         const auto program_enum = static_cast<Maxwell::ShaderProgram>(index);
 
         // Skip stages that are not enabled
-        if (!gpu.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
+        if (!maxwell3d.regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(index)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = GetShaderAddress(system, program_enum);
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = GetShaderAddress(maxwell3d, program_enum);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         Shader* const shader = cpu_addr ? TryGet(*cpu_addr) : null_shader.get();
 
         const std::size_t stage = index == 0 ? 0 : index - 1; // Stage indices are 0 - 5

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_pipeline_cache.h

@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ namespace Vulkan {
 
 class Shader {
 public:
-    explicit Shader(Core::System& system, Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+    explicit Shader(Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& engine,
+                    Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr,
                     VideoCommon::Shader::ProgramCode program_code, u32 main_offset);
     ~Shader();
 
@@ -118,22 +119,19 @@ public:
         return shader_ir;
     }
 
-    const VideoCommon::Shader::Registry& GetRegistry() const {
-        return registry;
-    }
-
     const VideoCommon::Shader::ShaderIR& GetIR() const {
         return shader_ir;
     }
 
+    const VideoCommon::Shader::Registry& GetRegistry() const {
+        return registry;
+    }
+
     const ShaderEntries& GetEntries() const {
         return entries;
     }
 
 private:
-    static Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferEngineInterface& GetEngine(Core::System& system,
-                                                                 Tegra::Engines::ShaderType stage);
-
     GPUVAddr gpu_addr{};
     VideoCommon::Shader::ProgramCode program_code;
     VideoCommon::Shader::Registry registry;
@@ -143,9 +141,10 @@ private:
 
 class VKPipelineCache final : public VideoCommon::ShaderCache<Shader> {
 public:
-    explicit VKPipelineCache(Core::System& system, RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer,
-                             const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                             VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
+    explicit VKPipelineCache(RasterizerVulkan& rasterizer, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                             Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute,
+                             Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const VKDevice& device,
+                             VKScheduler& scheduler, VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool,
                              VKUpdateDescriptorQueue& update_descriptor_queue,
                              VKRenderPassCache& renderpass_cache);
     ~VKPipelineCache() override;
@@ -163,7 +162,10 @@ private:
     std::pair<SPIRVProgram, std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding>> DecompileShaders(
         const GraphicsPipelineCacheKey& key);
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+
     const VKDevice& device;
     VKScheduler& scheduler;
     VKDescriptorPool& descriptor_pool;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.cpp

@@ -68,10 +68,11 @@ void QueryPool::Reserve(std::pair<VkQueryPool, u32> query) {
     usage[pool_index * GROW_STEP + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(query.second)] = false;
 }
 
-VKQueryCache::VKQueryCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+VKQueryCache::VKQueryCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                           Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory,
                            const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler)
     : VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<VKQueryCache, CachedQuery, CounterStream, HostCounter,
-                                  QueryPool>{system, rasterizer},
+                                  QueryPool>{rasterizer, maxwell3d, gpu_memory},
       device{device}, scheduler{scheduler} {
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<std::size_t>(VideoCore::NumQueryTypes); ++i) {
         query_pools[i].Initialize(device, static_cast<VideoCore::QueryType>(i));

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_query_cache.h

@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@ class VKQueryCache final
     : public VideoCommon::QueryCacheBase<VKQueryCache, CachedQuery, CounterStream, HostCounter,
                                          QueryPool> {
 public:
-    explicit VKQueryCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit VKQueryCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                          Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory,
                           const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler);
     ~VKQueryCache();
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.cpp

@@ -378,27 +378,29 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::DrawParameters::Draw(vk::CommandBuffer cmdbuf) const {
     }
 }
 
-RasterizerVulkan::RasterizerVulkan(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& renderer,
-                                   VKScreenInfo& screen_info, const VKDevice& device,
-                                   VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
-                                   VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, StateTracker& state_tracker,
-                                   VKScheduler& scheduler)
-    : RasterizerAccelerated{system.Memory()}, system{system}, render_window{renderer},
-      screen_info{screen_info}, device{device}, resource_manager{resource_manager},
-      memory_manager{memory_manager}, state_tracker{state_tracker}, scheduler{scheduler},
+RasterizerVulkan::RasterizerVulkan(Tegra::GPU& gpu_, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_,
+                                   Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory, VKScreenInfo& screen_info_,
+                                   const VKDevice& device_, VKResourceManager& resource_manager_,
+                                   VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_, StateTracker& state_tracker_,
+                                   VKScheduler& scheduler_)
+    : RasterizerAccelerated{cpu_memory}, gpu{gpu_},
+      gpu_memory{gpu_memory_}, maxwell3d{gpu.Maxwell3D()}, kepler_compute{gpu.KeplerCompute()},
+      screen_info{screen_info_}, device{device_}, resource_manager{resource_manager_},
+      memory_manager{memory_manager_}, state_tracker{state_tracker_}, scheduler{scheduler_},
       staging_pool(device, memory_manager, scheduler), descriptor_pool(device),
       update_descriptor_queue(device, scheduler), renderpass_cache(device),
       quad_array_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
       quad_indexed_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
       uint8_pass(device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, staging_pool, update_descriptor_queue),
-      texture_cache(system, *this, device, resource_manager, memory_manager, scheduler,
-                    staging_pool),
-      pipeline_cache(system, *this, device, scheduler, descriptor_pool, update_descriptor_queue,
-                     renderpass_cache),
-      buffer_cache(*this, system, device, memory_manager, scheduler, staging_pool),
-      sampler_cache(device),
-      fence_manager(system, *this, device, scheduler, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
-      query_cache(system, *this, device, scheduler), wfi_event{device.GetLogical().CreateEvent()} {
+      texture_cache(*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device, resource_manager, memory_manager,
+                    scheduler, staging_pool),
+      pipeline_cache(*this, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, device, scheduler,
+                     descriptor_pool, update_descriptor_queue, renderpass_cache),
+      buffer_cache(*this, gpu_memory, cpu_memory, device, memory_manager, scheduler, staging_pool),
+      sampler_cache(device), query_cache{*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device, scheduler},
+      fence_manager(*this, gpu, gpu_memory, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache, device,
+                    scheduler),
+      wfi_event{device.GetLogical().CreateEvent()} {
     scheduler.SetQueryCache(query_cache);
 }
 
@@ -411,9 +413,8 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     GraphicsPipelineCacheKey key;
-    key.fixed_state.Fill(gpu.regs, device.IsExtExtendedDynamicStateSupported());
+    key.fixed_state.Fill(maxwell3d.regs, device.IsExtExtendedDynamicStateSupported());
 
     buffer_cache.Map(CalculateGraphicsStreamBufferSize(is_indexed));
 
@@ -462,14 +463,13 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     EndTransformFeedback();
 
-    system.GPU().TickWork();
+    gpu.TickWork();
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::Clear() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Clearing);
 
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    if (!system.GPU().Maxwell3D().ShouldExecute()) {
+    if (!maxwell3d.ShouldExecute()) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::Clear() {
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     const bool use_color = regs.clear_buffers.R || regs.clear_buffers.G || regs.clear_buffers.B ||
                            regs.clear_buffers.A;
     const bool use_depth = regs.clear_buffers.Z;
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
-    const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
     ComputePipelineCacheKey key;
     key.shader = code_addr;
     key.shared_memory_size = launch_desc.shared_alloc;
@@ -643,16 +643,14 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SyncGuestHost() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SignalSemaphore(GPUVAddr addr, u32 value) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
-        gpu.MemoryManager().Write<u32>(addr, value);
+        gpu_memory.Write<u32>(addr, value);
         return;
     }
     fence_manager.SignalSemaphore(addr, value);
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
         gpu.IncrementSyncPoint(value);
         return;
@@ -661,7 +659,6 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SignalSyncPoint(u32 value) {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::ReleaseFences() {
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
     if (!gpu.IsAsync()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -739,10 +736,6 @@ bool RasterizerVulkan::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
     return true;
 }
 
-void RasterizerVulkan::SetupDirtyFlags() {
-    state_tracker.Initialize();
-}
-
 void RasterizerVulkan::FlushWork() {
     static constexpr u32 DRAWS_TO_DISPATCH = 4096;
 
@@ -766,10 +759,9 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::FlushWork() {
 
 RasterizerVulkan::Texceptions RasterizerVulkan::UpdateAttachments(bool is_clear) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_RenderTargets);
-    auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
+    auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     const bool update_rendertargets = dirty[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets];
     dirty[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = false;
 
@@ -827,7 +819,7 @@ std::tuple<VkFramebuffer, VkExtent2D> RasterizerVulkan::ConfigureFramebuffers(
         return true;
     };
 
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     const std::size_t num_attachments = static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.rt_control.count);
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < num_attachments; ++index) {
         if (try_push(color_attachments[index])) {
@@ -863,13 +855,12 @@ RasterizerVulkan::DrawParameters RasterizerVulkan::SetupGeometry(FixedPipelineSt
                                                                  bool is_instanced) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Geometry);
 
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    const auto& regs = gpu.regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     SetupVertexArrays(buffer_bindings);
 
     const u32 base_instance = regs.vb_base_instance;
-    const u32 num_instances = is_instanced ? gpu.mme_draw.instance_count : 1;
+    const u32 num_instances = is_instanced ? maxwell3d.mme_draw.instance_count : 1;
     const u32 base_vertex = is_indexed ? regs.vb_element_base : regs.vertex_buffer.first;
     const u32 num_vertices = is_indexed ? regs.index_array.count : regs.vertex_buffer.count;
 
@@ -930,7 +921,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupImageTransitions(
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDynamicStates() {
-    auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     UpdateViewportsState(regs);
     UpdateScissorsState(regs);
     UpdateDepthBias(regs);
@@ -951,7 +942,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::UpdateDynamicStates() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::BeginTransformFeedback() {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }
@@ -983,7 +974,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::BeginTransformFeedback() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::EndTransformFeedback() {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }
@@ -996,7 +987,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::EndTransformFeedback() {
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupVertexArrays(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings) {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
         const auto& vertex_array = regs.vertex_array[index];
@@ -1022,7 +1013,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupIndexBuffer(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings, DrawPar
     if (params.num_vertices == 0) {
         return;
     }
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     switch (regs.draw.topology) {
     case Maxwell::PrimitiveTopology::Quads: {
         if (!params.is_indexed) {
@@ -1070,8 +1061,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupIndexBuffer(BufferBindings& buffer_bindings, DrawPar
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsConstBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_ConstBuffers);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-    const auto& shader_stage = gpu.state.shader_stages[stage];
+    const auto& shader_stage = maxwell3d.state.shader_stages[stage];
     for (const auto& entry : entries.const_buffers) {
         SetupConstBuffer(entry, shader_stage.const_buffers[entry.GetIndex()]);
     }
@@ -1079,8 +1069,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsConstBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries, s
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsGlobalBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_GlobalBuffers);
-    auto& gpu{system.GPU()};
-    const auto cbufs{gpu.Maxwell3D().state.shader_stages[stage]};
+    const auto& cbufs{maxwell3d.state.shader_stages[stage]};
 
     for (const auto& entry : entries.global_buffers) {
         const auto addr = cbufs.const_buffers[entry.GetCbufIndex()].address + entry.GetCbufOffset();
@@ -1090,19 +1079,17 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsGlobalBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries,
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsUniformTexels(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.uniform_texels) {
-        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, stage).tic;
+        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, stage).tic;
         SetupUniformTexels(image, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.samplers) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entry.size; ++i) {
-            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, stage, i);
+            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, stage, i);
             SetupTexture(texture, entry);
         }
     }
@@ -1110,25 +1097,23 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsStorageTexels(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.storage_texels) {
-        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, stage).tic;
+        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, stage).tic;
         SetupStorageTexel(image, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGraphicsImages(const ShaderEntries& entries, std::size_t stage) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Images);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.images) {
-        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, stage).tic;
+        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(maxwell3d, entry, stage).tic;
         SetupImage(tic, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeConstBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_ConstBuffers);
-    const auto& launch_desc = system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description;
+    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
     for (const auto& entry : entries.const_buffers) {
         const auto& config = launch_desc.const_buffer_config[entry.GetIndex()];
         const std::bitset<8> mask = launch_desc.const_buffer_enable_mask.Value();
@@ -1142,7 +1127,7 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeConstBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeGlobalBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_GlobalBuffers);
-    const auto cbufs{system.GPU().KeplerCompute().launch_description.const_buffer_config};
+    const auto& cbufs{kepler_compute.launch_description.const_buffer_config};
     for (const auto& entry : entries.global_buffers) {
         const auto addr{cbufs[entry.GetCbufIndex()].Address() + entry.GetCbufOffset()};
         SetupGlobalBuffer(entry, addr);
@@ -1151,19 +1136,17 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeGlobalBuffers(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeUniformTexels(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.uniform_texels) {
-        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
+        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
         SetupUniformTexels(image, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.samplers) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < entry.size; ++i) {
-            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, ComputeShaderIndex, i);
+            const auto texture = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ComputeShaderIndex, i);
             SetupTexture(texture, entry);
         }
     }
@@ -1171,18 +1154,16 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeStorageTexels(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Textures);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.storage_texels) {
-        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
+        const auto image = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
         SetupStorageTexel(image, entry);
     }
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupComputeImages(const ShaderEntries& entries) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(Vulkan_Images);
-    const auto& gpu = system.GPU().KeplerCompute();
     for (const auto& entry : entries.images) {
-        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(gpu, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
+        const auto tic = GetTextureInfo(kepler_compute, entry, ComputeShaderIndex).tic;
         SetupImage(tic, entry);
     }
 }
@@ -1206,9 +1187,8 @@ void RasterizerVulkan::SetupConstBuffer(const ConstBufferEntry& entry,
 }
 
 void RasterizerVulkan::SetupGlobalBuffer(const GlobalBufferEntry& entry, GPUVAddr address) {
-    auto& memory_manager{system.GPU().MemoryManager()};
-    const auto actual_addr = memory_manager.Read<u64>(address);
-    const auto size = memory_manager.Read<u32>(address + 8);
+    const u64 actual_addr = gpu_memory.Read<u64>(address);
+    const u32 size = gpu_memory.Read<u32>(address + 8);
 
     if (size == 0) {
         // Sometimes global memory pointers don't have a proper size. Upload a dummy entry
@@ -1491,7 +1471,7 @@ std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateComputeStreamBufferSize() const {
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
 
     std::size_t size = 0;
     for (u32 index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
@@ -1506,9 +1486,8 @@ std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateIndexBufferSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
-    return static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.index_array.count) *
-           static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
+    return static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count) *
+           static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
 }
 
 std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateConstBufferSize(
@@ -1523,7 +1502,7 @@ std::size_t RasterizerVulkan::CalculateConstBufferSize(
 }
 
 RenderPassParams RasterizerVulkan::GetRenderPassParams(Texceptions texceptions) const {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     const std::size_t num_attachments = static_cast<std::size_t>(regs.rt_control.count);
 
     RenderPassParams params;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_rasterizer.h

@@ -105,10 +105,11 @@ struct ImageView {
 
 class RasterizerVulkan final : public VideoCore::RasterizerAccelerated {
 public:
-    explicit RasterizerVulkan(Core::System& system, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window,
-                              VKScreenInfo& screen_info, const VKDevice& device,
-                              VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                              StateTracker& state_tracker, VKScheduler& scheduler);
+    explicit RasterizerVulkan(Tegra::GPU& gpu, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory,
+                              Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory, VKScreenInfo& screen_info,
+                              const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
+                              VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, StateTracker& state_tracker,
+                              VKScheduler& scheduler);
     ~RasterizerVulkan() override;
 
     void Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) override;
@@ -134,7 +135,6 @@ public:
                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) override;
     bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config, VAddr framebuffer_addr,
                            u32 pixel_stride) override;
-    void SetupDirtyFlags() override;
 
     /// Maximum supported size that a constbuffer can have in bytes.
     static constexpr std::size_t MaxConstbufferSize = 0x10000;
@@ -270,8 +270,11 @@ private:
 
     VkBuffer DefaultBuffer();
 
-    Core::System& system;
-    Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& render_window;
+    Tegra::GPU& gpu;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
+
     VKScreenInfo& screen_info;
     const VKDevice& device;
     VKResourceManager& resource_manager;
@@ -291,8 +294,8 @@ private:
     VKPipelineCache pipeline_cache;
     VKBufferCache buffer_cache;
     VKSamplerCache sampler_cache;
-    VKFenceManager fence_manager;
     VKQueryCache query_cache;
+    VKFenceManager fence_manager;
 
     vk::Buffer default_buffer;
     VKMemoryCommit default_buffer_commit;

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_state_tracker.cpp

@@ -137,12 +137,9 @@ void SetupDirtyStencilTestEnable(Tables& tables) {
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-StateTracker::StateTracker(Core::System& system)
-    : system{system}, invalidation_flags{MakeInvalidationFlags()} {}
-
-void StateTracker::Initialize() {
-    auto& dirty = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty;
-    auto& tables = dirty.tables;
+StateTracker::StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu)
+    : flags{gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty.flags}, invalidation_flags{MakeInvalidationFlags()} {
+    auto& tables = gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty.tables;
     SetupDirtyRenderTargets(tables);
     SetupDirtyViewports(tables);
     SetupDirtyScissors(tables);
@@ -161,8 +158,4 @@ void StateTracker::Initialize() {
     SetupDirtyStencilTestEnable(tables);
 }
 
-void StateTracker::InvalidateCommandBufferState() {
-    system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags |= invalidation_flags;
-}
-
 } // namespace Vulkan

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_state_tracker.h

@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ static_assert(Last <= std::numeric_limits<u8>::max());
 
 class StateTracker {
 public:
-    explicit StateTracker(Core::System& system);
+    explicit StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu);
 
-    void Initialize();
-
-    void InvalidateCommandBufferState();
+    void InvalidateCommandBufferState() {
+        flags |= invalidation_flags;
+    }
 
     bool TouchViewports() {
         return Exchange(Dirty::Viewports, false);
@@ -116,13 +116,12 @@ public:
 
 private:
     bool Exchange(std::size_t id, bool new_value) const noexcept {
-        auto& flags = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty.flags;
         const bool is_dirty = flags[id];
         flags[id] = new_value;
         return is_dirty;
     }
 
-    Core::System& system;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::DirtyState::Flags& flags;
     Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::DirtyState::Flags invalidation_flags;
 };
 

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_stream_buffer.cpp

@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ u32 GetMemoryType(const VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties& properties,
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-VKStreamBuffer::VKStreamBuffer(const VKDevice& device, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+VKStreamBuffer::VKStreamBuffer(const VKDevice& device_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
                                VkBufferUsageFlags usage)
-    : device{device}, scheduler{scheduler} {
+    : device{device_}, scheduler{scheduler_} {
     CreateBuffers(usage);
     ReserveWatches(current_watches, WATCHES_INITIAL_RESERVE);
     ReserveWatches(previous_watches, WATCHES_INITIAL_RESERVE);

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.cpp

@@ -185,13 +185,13 @@ u32 EncodeSwizzle(Tegra::Texture::SwizzleSource x_source, Tegra::Texture::Swizzl
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-CachedSurface::CachedSurface(Core::System& system, const VKDevice& device,
-                             VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                             VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool,
-                             GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params)
-    : SurfaceBase<View>{gpu_addr, params, device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()}, system{system},
-      device{device}, resource_manager{resource_manager},
-      memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler}, staging_pool{staging_pool} {
+CachedSurface::CachedSurface(const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
+                             VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                             VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                             const SurfaceParams& params)
+    : SurfaceBase<View>{gpu_addr, params, device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()}, device{device},
+      resource_manager{resource_manager}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler},
+      staging_pool{staging_pool} {
     if (params.IsBuffer()) {
         buffer = CreateBuffer(device, params, host_memory_size);
         commit = memory_manager.Commit(buffer, false);
@@ -463,19 +463,21 @@ VkImageView CachedSurfaceView::GetAttachment() {
     return *render_target;
 }
 
-VKTextureCache::VKTextureCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                               const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
-                               VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
-                               VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool)
-    : TextureCache(system, rasterizer, device.IsOptimalAstcSupported()), device{device},
-      resource_manager{resource_manager}, memory_manager{memory_manager}, scheduler{scheduler},
-      staging_pool{staging_pool} {}
+VKTextureCache::VKTextureCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                               Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const VKDevice& device_,
+                               VKResourceManager& resource_manager_,
+                               VKMemoryManager& memory_manager_, VKScheduler& scheduler_,
+                               VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool_)
+    : TextureCache(rasterizer, maxwell3d, gpu_memory, device_.IsOptimalAstcSupported()),
+      device{device_}, resource_manager{resource_manager_},
+      memory_manager{memory_manager_}, scheduler{scheduler_}, staging_pool{staging_pool_} {}
 
 VKTextureCache::~VKTextureCache() = default;
 
 Surface VKTextureCache::CreateSurface(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params) {
-    return std::make_shared<CachedSurface>(system, device, resource_manager, memory_manager,
-                                           scheduler, staging_pool, gpu_addr, params);
+    return std::make_shared<CachedSurface>(device, resource_manager, memory_manager, scheduler,
+                                           staging_pool, gpu_addr, params);
 }
 
 void VKTextureCache::ImageCopy(Surface& src_surface, Surface& dst_surface,

src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/vk_texture_cache.h

@@ -15,10 +15,6 @@
 #include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h"
 #include "video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
-
 namespace VideoCore {
 class RasterizerInterface;
 }
@@ -45,10 +41,10 @@ class CachedSurface final : public VideoCommon::SurfaceBase<View> {
     friend CachedSurfaceView;
 
 public:
-    explicit CachedSurface(Core::System& system, const VKDevice& device,
-                           VKResourceManager& resource_manager, VKMemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                           VKScheduler& scheduler, VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool,
-                           GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params);
+    explicit CachedSurface(const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
+                           VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
+                           VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                           const SurfaceParams& params);
     ~CachedSurface();
 
     void UploadTexture(const std::vector<u8>& staging_buffer) override;
@@ -101,7 +97,6 @@ private:
 
     VkImageSubresourceRange GetImageSubresourceRange() const;
 
-    Core::System& system;
     const VKDevice& device;
     VKResourceManager& resource_manager;
     VKMemoryManager& memory_manager;
@@ -201,7 +196,8 @@ private:
 
 class VKTextureCache final : public TextureCacheBase {
 public:
-    explicit VKTextureCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+    explicit VKTextureCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
+                            Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory,
                             const VKDevice& device, VKResourceManager& resource_manager,
                             VKMemoryManager& memory_manager, VKScheduler& scheduler,
                             VKStagingBufferPool& staging_pool);

src/video_core/shader/memory_util.cpp

@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@
 
 namespace VideoCommon::Shader {
 
-GPUVAddr GetShaderAddress(Core::System& system,
+GPUVAddr GetShaderAddress(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
                           Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::ShaderProgram program) {
-    const auto& gpu{system.GPU().Maxwell3D()};
-    const auto& shader_config{gpu.regs.shader_config[static_cast<std::size_t>(program)]};
-    return gpu.regs.code_address.CodeAddress() + shader_config.offset;
+    const auto& shader_config{maxwell3d.regs.shader_config[static_cast<std::size_t>(program)]};
+    return maxwell3d.regs.code_address.CodeAddress() + shader_config.offset;
 }
 
 bool IsSchedInstruction(std::size_t offset, std::size_t main_offset) {

src/video_core/shader/memory_util.h

@@ -11,10 +11,6 @@
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/shader_type.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
-
 namespace Tegra {
 class MemoryManager;
 }
@@ -27,7 +23,7 @@ constexpr u32 STAGE_MAIN_OFFSET = 10;
 constexpr u32 KERNEL_MAIN_OFFSET = 0;
 
 /// Gets the address for the specified shader stage program
-GPUVAddr GetShaderAddress(Core::System& system,
+GPUVAddr GetShaderAddress(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
                           Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::ShaderProgram program);
 
 /// Gets if the current instruction offset is a scheduler instruction

src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp

@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForImage(const FormatLookupTable& lookup_tabl
     return params;
 }
 
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(Core::System& system) {
-    const auto& regs = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
+SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d) {
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
     SurfaceParams params;
     params.is_tiled = regs.zeta.memory_layout.type ==
                       Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::InvMemoryLayout::BlockLinear;
@@ -190,8 +190,9 @@ SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(Core::System& system) {
     return params;
 }
 
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(Core::System& system, std::size_t index) {
-    const auto& config{system.GPU().Maxwell3D().regs.rt[index]};
+SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                                                  std::size_t index) {
+    const auto& config{maxwell3d.regs.rt[index]};
     SurfaceParams params;
     params.is_tiled =
         config.memory_layout.type == Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::InvMemoryLayout::BlockLinear;

src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h

@@ -33,10 +33,11 @@ public:
                                         const VideoCommon::Shader::Image& entry);
 
     /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams for a depth buffer configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForDepthBuffer(Core::System& system);
+    static SurfaceParams CreateForDepthBuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d);
 
     /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams from a framebuffer configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForFramebuffer(Core::System& system, std::size_t index);
+    static SurfaceParams CreateForFramebuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
+                                              std::size_t index);
 
     /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams from a Fermi2D surface configuration.
     static SurfaceParams CreateForFermiCopySurface(

src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h

@@ -135,8 +135,7 @@ public:
             return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
         }
 
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
         }
@@ -160,8 +159,7 @@ public:
         if (!gpu_addr) {
             return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
         }
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
         }
@@ -183,11 +181,11 @@ public:
 
     TView GetDepthBufferSurface(bool preserve_contents) {
         std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-        auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
-        if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer]) {
+        auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty;
+        if (!dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer]) {
             return depth_buffer.view;
         }
-        maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = false;
+        dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = false;
 
         const auto& regs{maxwell3d.regs};
         const auto gpu_addr{regs.zeta.Address()};
@@ -195,13 +193,12 @@ public:
             SetEmptyDepthBuffer();
             return {};
         }
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             SetEmptyDepthBuffer();
             return {};
         }
-        const auto depth_params{SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(system)};
+        const auto depth_params{SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(maxwell3d)};
         auto surface_view = GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, depth_params, preserve_contents, true);
         if (depth_buffer.target)
             depth_buffer.target->MarkAsRenderTarget(false, NO_RT);
@@ -215,7 +212,6 @@ public:
     TView GetColorBufferSurface(std::size_t index, bool preserve_contents) {
         std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
         ASSERT(index < Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumRenderTargets);
-        auto& maxwell3d = system.GPU().Maxwell3D();
         if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ColorBuffer0 + index]) {
             return render_targets[index].view;
         }
@@ -235,15 +231,14 @@ public:
             return {};
         }
 
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             SetEmptyColorBuffer(index);
             return {};
         }
 
         auto surface_view =
-            GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(system, index),
+            GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(maxwell3d, index),
                        preserve_contents, true);
         if (render_targets[index].target) {
             auto& surface = render_targets[index].target;
@@ -300,9 +295,8 @@ public:
         const GPUVAddr dst_gpu_addr = dst_config.Address();
         DeduceBestBlit(src_params, dst_params, src_gpu_addr, dst_gpu_addr);
 
-        const auto& memory_manager = system.GPU().MemoryManager();
-        const std::optional<VAddr> dst_cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(dst_gpu_addr);
-        const std::optional<VAddr> src_cpu_addr = memory_manager.GpuToCpuAddress(src_gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> dst_cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(dst_gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> src_cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(src_gpu_addr);
         std::pair dst_surface = GetSurface(dst_gpu_addr, *dst_cpu_addr, dst_params, true, false);
         TView src_surface = GetSurface(src_gpu_addr, *src_cpu_addr, src_params, true, false).second;
         ImageBlit(src_surface, dst_surface.second, copy_config);
@@ -358,9 +352,11 @@ public:
     }
 
 protected:
-    explicit TextureCache(Core::System& system, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                          bool is_astc_supported)
-        : system{system}, is_astc_supported{is_astc_supported}, rasterizer{rasterizer} {
+    explicit TextureCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
+                          Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_,
+                          bool is_astc_supported_)
+        : is_astc_supported{is_astc_supported_}, rasterizer{rasterizer_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
+          gpu_memory{gpu_memory_} {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumRenderTargets; i++) {
             SetEmptyColorBuffer(i);
         }
@@ -395,7 +391,7 @@ protected:
     virtual void BufferCopy(TSurface& src_surface, TSurface& dst_surface) = 0;
 
     void ManageRenderTargetUnregister(TSurface& surface) {
-        auto& dirty = system.GPU().Maxwell3D().dirty;
+        auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty;
         const u32 index = surface->GetRenderTarget();
         if (index == DEPTH_RT) {
             dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = true;
@@ -408,8 +404,7 @@ protected:
     void Register(TSurface surface) {
         const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = surface->GetGpuAddr();
         const std::size_t size = surface->GetSizeInBytes();
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             LOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Failed to register surface with unmapped gpu_address 0x{:016x}",
                          gpu_addr);
@@ -459,7 +454,6 @@ protected:
         return new_surface;
     }
 
-    Core::System& system;
     const bool is_astc_supported;
 
 private:
@@ -954,8 +948,7 @@ private:
      * @param params   The parameters on the candidate surface.
      **/
     Deduction DeduceSurface(const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params) {
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr =
-            system.GPU().MemoryManager().GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
 
         if (!cpu_addr) {
             Deduction result{};
@@ -1112,7 +1105,7 @@ private:
 
     void LoadSurface(const TSurface& surface) {
         staging_cache.GetBuffer(0).resize(surface->GetHostSizeInBytes());
-        surface->LoadBuffer(system.GPU().MemoryManager(), staging_cache);
+        surface->LoadBuffer(gpu_memory, staging_cache);
         surface->UploadTexture(staging_cache.GetBuffer(0));
         surface->MarkAsModified(false, Tick());
     }
@@ -1123,7 +1116,7 @@ private:
         }
         staging_cache.GetBuffer(0).resize(surface->GetHostSizeInBytes());
         surface->DownloadTexture(staging_cache.GetBuffer(0));
-        surface->FlushBuffer(system.GPU().MemoryManager(), staging_cache);
+        surface->FlushBuffer(gpu_memory, staging_cache);
         surface->MarkAsModified(false, Tick());
     }
 
@@ -1253,6 +1246,8 @@ private:
     }
 
     VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
 
     FormatLookupTable format_lookup_table;
     FormatCompatibility format_compatibility;

src/video_core/video_core.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <memory>
+
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
@@ -16,37 +17,48 @@
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 namespace {
-std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> CreateRenderer(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
-                                                        Core::System& system,
-                                                        Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext& context) {
+
+std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> CreateRenderer(
+    Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session, Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+    std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context) {
     switch (Settings::values.renderer_backend.GetValue()) {
     case Settings::RendererBackend::OpenGL:
-        return std::make_unique<OpenGL::RendererOpenGL>(emu_window, system, context);
+        return std::make_unique<OpenGL::RendererOpenGL>(telemetry_session, emu_window, cpu_memory,
+                                                        gpu, std::move(context));
 #ifdef HAS_VULKAN
     case Settings::RendererBackend::Vulkan:
-        return std::make_unique<Vulkan::RendererVulkan>(emu_window, system);
+        return std::make_unique<Vulkan::RendererVulkan>(telemetry_session, emu_window, cpu_memory,
+                                                        gpu, std::move(context));
 #endif
     default:
         return nullptr;
     }
 }
+
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
 namespace VideoCore {
 
 std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> CreateGPU(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, Core::System& system) {
+    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> gpu;
+    if (Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue()) {
+        gpu = std::make_unique<VideoCommon::GPUAsynch>(system);
+    } else {
+        gpu = std::make_unique<VideoCommon::GPUSynch>(system);
+    }
+
     auto context = emu_window.CreateSharedContext();
     const auto scope = context->Acquire();
-    auto renderer = CreateRenderer(emu_window, system, *context);
+
+    auto renderer = CreateRenderer(system.TelemetrySession(), emu_window, system.Memory(), *gpu,
+                                   std::move(context));
     if (!renderer->Init()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    if (Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue()) {
-        return std::make_unique<VideoCommon::GPUAsynch>(system, std::move(renderer),
-                                                        std::move(context));
-    }
-    return std::make_unique<VideoCommon::GPUSynch>(system, std::move(renderer), std::move(context));
+    gpu->BindRenderer(std::move(renderer));
+    return gpu;
 }
 
 u16 GetResolutionScaleFactor(const RendererBase& renderer) {

src/yuzu/bootmanager.cpp

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/frontend/framebuffer_layout.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
 #include "input_common/keyboard.h"
 #include "input_common/main.h"
@@ -63,7 +64,8 @@ void EmuThread::run() {
     emit LoadProgress(VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage::Prepare, 0, 0);
 
     system.Renderer().Rasterizer().LoadDiskResources(
-        stop_run, [this](VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage stage, std::size_t value, std::size_t total) {
+        system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID(), stop_run,
+        [this](VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage stage, std::size_t value, std::size_t total) {
             emit LoadProgress(stage, value, total);
         });
 

src/yuzu_cmd/yuzu.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_real.h"
 #include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
@@ -234,7 +235,9 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     // Core is loaded, start the GPU (makes the GPU contexts current to this thread)
     system.GPU().Start();
 
-    system.Renderer().Rasterizer().LoadDiskResources();
+    system.Renderer().Rasterizer().LoadDiskResources(
+        system.CurrentProcess()->GetTitleID(), false,
+        [](VideoCore::LoadCallbackStage, size_t value, size_t total) {});
 
     std::thread render_thread([&emu_window] { emu_window->Present(); });
     system.Run();

src/yuzu_tester/yuzu.cpp

@@ -254,7 +254,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     system.TelemetrySession().AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::App, "Frontend", "SDLHideTester");
 
     system.GPU().Start();
-    system.Renderer().Rasterizer().LoadDiskResources();
 
     system.Run();
     while (!finished) {