gl_rasterizer: Workaround Intel VAO DSA bug

There is a bug on Intel's blob driver where it fails to properly build a
vertex array object if it's not bound even after creating it with
glCreateVertexArrays. This workaround binds it after creating it to
bypass the issue.

.gitmodules

@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@
 [submodule "dynarmic"]
     path = externals/dynarmic
     url = https://github.com/MerryMage/dynarmic.git
-[submodule "xbyak"]
-    path = externals/xbyak
-    url = https://github.com/herumi/xbyak.git
 [submodule "fmt"]
     path = externals/fmt
     url = https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt.git

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ if (CLANG_FORMAT)
     set(CCOMMENT "Running clang format against all the .h and .cpp files in src/")
     if (WIN32)
         add_custom_target(clang-format
-            COMMAND powershell.exe -Command "${CLANG_FORMAT} -i @(Get-ChildItem -Recurse ${SRCS}/* -Include \'*.h\', \'*.cpp\')"
+            COMMAND powershell.exe -Command "Get-ChildItem ${SRCS}/* -Include *.cpp,*.h -Recurse | Foreach {${CLANG_FORMAT} -i $_.fullname}"
             COMMENT ${CCOMMENT})
     elseif(MINGW)
         add_custom_target(clang-format

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,136 +1 @@
-# Reporting Issues
-
-**The issue tracker is not a support forum.** Unless you can provide precise *technical information* regarding an issue, you *should not post in it*. If you need support, first read the [FAQ](https://github.com/yuzu-emu/yuzu/wiki/FAQ) and then either visit our [Discord server](https://discordapp.com/invite/u77vRWY), [our forum](https://community.citra-emu.org) or ask in a general emulation forum such as [/r/emulation](https://www.reddit.com/r/emulation/). If you post support questions, generic messages to the developers or vague reports without technical details, they will be closed and locked.
-
-If you believe you have a valid issue report, please post text or a screenshot from the log (the console window that opens alongside yuzu) and build version (hex string visible in the titlebar and zip filename), as well as your hardware and software information if applicable.
-
-# Contributing
-yuzu is a brand new project, so we have a great opportunity to keep things clean and well organized early on. As such, coding style is very important when making commits. We run clang-format on our CI to check the code. Please use it to format your code when contributing. However, it doesn't cover all the rules below. Some of them aren't very strict rules since we want to be flexible and we understand that under certain circumstances some of them can be counterproductive. Just try to follow as many of them as possible.
-
-# Using clang format (version 6.0)
-When generating the native build script for your toolset, cmake will try to find the correct version of clang format (or will download it on windows). Before running cmake, please install clang format version 6.0 for your platform as follows:
-
-* Windows: do nothing; cmake will download a pre built binary for MSVC and MINGW. MSVC users can additionally install a clang format Visual Studio extension to add features like format on save.
-* OSX: run `brew install clang-format`.
-* Linux: use your package manager to get an appropriate binary.
-
-If clang format is found, then cmake will add a custom build target that can be run at any time to run clang format against *all* source files and update the formatting in them. This should be used before making a pull request so that the reviewers can spend more time reviewing the code instead of having to worry about minor style violations. On MSVC, you can run clang format by building the clang-format project in the solution. On OSX, you can either use the Makefile target `make clang-format` or by building the clang-format target in XCode. For Makefile builds, you can use the clang-format target with `make clang-format`
-
-### General Rules
-* A lot of code was taken from other projects (e.g. Citra, Dolphin, PPSSPP, Gekko). In general, when editing other people's code, follow the style of the module you're in (or better yet, fix the style if it drastically differs from our guide).
-* Line width is typically 100 characters. Please do not use 80-characters.
-* Don't ever introduce new external dependencies into Core
-* Don't use any platform specific code in Core
-* Use namespaces often
-* Avoid the use of C-style casts and instead prefer C++-style `static_cast` and `reinterpret_cast`. Try to avoid using `dynamic_cast`. Never use `const_cast`.
-
-### Naming Rules
-* Functions: `PascalCase`
-* Variables: `lower_case_underscored`. Prefix with `g_` if global.
-* Classes: `PascalCase`
-* Files and Directories: `lower_case_underscored`
-* Namespaces: `PascalCase`, `_` may also be used for clarity (e.g. `ARM_InitCore`)
-
-### Indentation/Whitespace Style
-Follow the indentation/whitespace style shown below. Do not use tabs, use 4-spaces instead.
-
-### Comments
-* For regular comments, use C++ style (`//`) comments, even for multi-line ones.
-* For doc-comments (Doxygen comments), use `/// ` if it's a single line, else use the `/**` `*/` style featured in the example. Start the text on the second line, not the first containing `/**`.
-* For items that are both defined and declared in two separate files, put the doc-comment only next to the associated declaration. (In a header file, usually.) Otherwise, put it next to the implementation. Never duplicate doc-comments in both places.
-
-```cpp
-// Includes should be sorted lexicographically
-// STD includes first
-#include <map>
-#include <memory>
-
-// then, library includes
-#include <nihstro/shared_binary.h>
-
-// finally, yuzu includes
-#include "common/math_util.h"
-#include "common/vector_math.h"
-
-// each major module is separated
-#include "video_core/pica.h"
-#include "video_core/video_core.h"
-
-namespace Example {
-
-// Namespace contents are not indented
-
-// Declare globals at the top
-int g_foo{}; // {} can be used to initialize types as 0, false, or nullptr
-char* g_some_pointer{}; // Pointer * and reference & stick to the type name, and make sure to initialize as nullptr!
-
-/// A colorful enum.
-enum SomeEnum {
-    ColorRed,   ///< The color of fire.
-    ColorGreen, ///< The color of grass.
-    ColorBlue,  ///< Not actually the color of water.
-};
-
-/**
- * Very important struct that does a lot of stuff.
- * Note that the asterisks are indented by one space to align to the first line.
- */
-struct Position {
-    int x{}, y{}; // Always intitialize member variables!
-};
-
-// Use "typename" rather than "class" here
-template <typename T>
-void FooBar() {
-    const std::string some_string{ "prefer uniform initialization" };
-
-    int some_array[]{
-        5,
-        25,
-        7,
-        42,
-    };
-
-    if (note == the_space_after_the_if) {
-        CallAfunction();
-    } else {
-        // Use a space after the // when commenting
-    }
-
-    // Place a single space after the for loop semicolons, prefer pre-increment
-    for (int i{}; i != 25; ++i) {
-        // This is how we write loops
-    }
-
-    DoStuff(this, function, call, takes, up, multiple,
-            lines, like, this);
-
-    if (this || condition_takes_up_multiple &&
-        lines && like && this || everything ||
-        alright || then) {
-
-        // Leave a blank space before the if block body if the condition was continued across
-        // several lines.
-    }
-
-    switch (var) {
-    // No indentation for case label
-    case 1: {
-        int case_var{ var + 3 };
-        DoSomething(case_var);
-        break;
-    }
-    case 3:
-        DoSomething(var);
-        return;
-
-    default:
-        // Yes, even break for the last case
-        break;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<T> you_can_declare, a_few, variables, like_this;
-}
-
-}
-```
+**The Contributor's Guide has moved to [the Citra wiki](https://github.com/citra-emu/citra/wiki/Contributing).**

externals/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ target_include_directories(catch-single-include INTERFACE catch/single_include)
 
 # Dynarmic
 if (ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
-    add_library(xbyak INTERFACE)
     set(DYNARMIC_TESTS OFF)
     set(DYNARMIC_NO_BUNDLED_FMT ON)
     add_subdirectory(dynarmic)
@@ -53,14 +52,6 @@ target_include_directories(unicorn-headers INTERFACE ./unicorn/include)
 # SoundTouch
 add_subdirectory(soundtouch)
 
-# Xbyak
-if (ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
-    # Defined before "dynarmic" above
-    # add_library(xbyak INTERFACE)
-    target_include_directories(xbyak INTERFACE ./xbyak/xbyak)
-    target_compile_definitions(xbyak INTERFACE XBYAK_NO_OP_NAMES)
-endif()
-
 # Opus
 add_subdirectory(opus)
 target_include_directories(opus INTERFACE ./opus/include)

src/audio_core/algorithm/interpolate.cpp

@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@ std::vector<s16> Interpolate(InterpolationState& state, std::vector<s16> input,
             double l = 0.0;
             double r = 0.0;
             for (std::size_t j = 0; j < h.size(); j++) {
-                l += Lanczos(taps, pos + j - taps + 1) * h[j][0];
-                r += Lanczos(taps, pos + j - taps + 1) * h[j][1];
+                const double lanczos_calc = Lanczos(taps, pos + j - taps + 1);
+                l += lanczos_calc * h[j][0];
+                r += lanczos_calc * h[j][1];
             }
             output.emplace_back(static_cast<s16>(std::clamp(l, -32768.0, 32767.0)));
             output.emplace_back(static_cast<s16>(std::clamp(r, -32768.0, 32767.0)));

src/audio_core/audio_out.cpp

@@ -22,16 +22,14 @@ static Stream::Format ChannelsToStreamFormat(u32 num_channels) {
         return Stream::Format::Multi51Channel16;
     }
 
-    LOG_CRITICAL(Audio, "Unimplemented num_channels={}", num_channels);
-    UNREACHABLE();
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented num_channels={}", num_channels);
     return {};
 }
 
 StreamPtr AudioOut::OpenStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels, std::string&& name,
                                Stream::ReleaseCallback&& release_callback) {
     if (!sink) {
-        const SinkDetails& sink_details = GetSinkDetails(Settings::values.sink_id);
-        sink = sink_details.factory(Settings::values.audio_device_id);
+        sink = CreateSinkFromID(Settings::values.sink_id, Settings::values.audio_device_id);
     }
 
     return std::make_shared<Stream>(

src/audio_core/audio_renderer.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "audio_core/codec.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/writable_event.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 
 namespace AudioCore {
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ private:
     EffectInStatus info{};
 };
 AudioRenderer::AudioRenderer(AudioRendererParameter params,
-                             Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> buffer_event)
+                             Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::WritableEvent> buffer_event)
     : worker_params{params}, buffer_event{buffer_event}, voices(params.voice_count),
       effects(params.effect_count) {
 
@@ -260,8 +260,7 @@ void AudioRenderer::VoiceState::RefreshBuffer() {
         break;
     }
     default:
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Audio, "Unimplemented sample_format={}", info.sample_format);
-        UNREACHABLE();
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented sample_format={}", info.sample_format);
         break;
     }
 
@@ -280,13 +279,15 @@ void AudioRenderer::VoiceState::RefreshBuffer() {
         break;
     }
     default:
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Audio, "Unimplemented channel_count={}", info.channel_count);
-        UNREACHABLE();
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented channel_count={}", info.channel_count);
         break;
     }
 
-    samples =
-        Interpolate(interp_state, std::move(samples), GetInfo().sample_rate, STREAM_SAMPLE_RATE);
+    // Only interpolate when necessary, expensive.
+    if (GetInfo().sample_rate != STREAM_SAMPLE_RATE) {
+        samples = Interpolate(interp_state, std::move(samples), GetInfo().sample_rate,
+                              STREAM_SAMPLE_RATE);
+    }
 
     is_refresh_pending = false;
 }

src/audio_core/audio_renderer.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
-class Event;
+class WritableEvent;
 }
 
 namespace AudioCore {
@@ -208,7 +208,8 @@ static_assert(sizeof(UpdateDataHeader) == 0x40, "UpdateDataHeader has wrong size
 
 class AudioRenderer {
 public:
-    AudioRenderer(AudioRendererParameter params, Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> buffer_event);
+    AudioRenderer(AudioRendererParameter params,
+                  Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::WritableEvent> buffer_event);
     ~AudioRenderer();
 
     std::vector<u8> UpdateAudioRenderer(const std::vector<u8>& input_params);
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ private:
     class VoiceState;
 
     AudioRendererParameter worker_params;
-    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> buffer_event;
+    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::WritableEvent> buffer_event;
     std::vector<VoiceState> voices;
     std::vector<EffectState> effects;
     std::unique_ptr<AudioOut> audio_out;

src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.cpp

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ private:
     static void StateCallback(cubeb_stream* stream, void* user_data, cubeb_state state);
 };
 
-CubebSink::CubebSink(std::string target_device_name) {
+CubebSink::CubebSink(std::string_view target_device_name) {
     if (cubeb_init(&ctx, "yuzu", nullptr) != CUBEB_OK) {
         LOG_CRITICAL(Audio_Sink, "cubeb_init failed");
         return;

src/audio_core/cubeb_sink.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace AudioCore {
 
 class CubebSink final : public Sink {
 public:
-    explicit CubebSink(std::string device_id);
+    explicit CubebSink(std::string_view device_id);
     ~CubebSink() override;
 
     SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 sample_rate, u32 num_channels,

src/audio_core/null_sink.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace AudioCore {
 
 class NullSink final : public Sink {
 public:
-    explicit NullSink(std::string){};
+    explicit NullSink(std::string_view) {}
     ~NullSink() override = default;
 
     SinkStream& AcquireSinkStream(u32 /*sample_rate*/, u32 /*num_channels*/,

src/audio_core/sink_details.cpp

@@ -14,31 +14,68 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 
 namespace AudioCore {
+namespace {
+struct SinkDetails {
+    using FactoryFn = std::unique_ptr<Sink> (*)(std::string_view);
+    using ListDevicesFn = std::vector<std::string> (*)();
 
-// g_sink_details is ordered in terms of desirability, with the best choice at the top.
-const std::vector<SinkDetails> g_sink_details = {
+    /// Name for this sink.
+    const char* id;
+    /// A method to call to construct an instance of this type of sink.
+    FactoryFn factory;
+    /// A method to call to list available devices.
+    ListDevicesFn list_devices;
+};
+
+// sink_details is ordered in terms of desirability, with the best choice at the top.
+constexpr SinkDetails sink_details[] = {
 #ifdef HAVE_CUBEB
-    SinkDetails{"cubeb", &std::make_unique<CubebSink, std::string>, &ListCubebSinkDevices},
+    SinkDetails{"cubeb",
+                [](std::string_view device_id) -> std::unique_ptr<Sink> {
+                    return std::make_unique<CubebSink>(device_id);
+                },
+                &ListCubebSinkDevices},
 #endif
-    SinkDetails{"null", &std::make_unique<NullSink, std::string>,
+    SinkDetails{"null",
+                [](std::string_view device_id) -> std::unique_ptr<Sink> {
+                    return std::make_unique<NullSink>(device_id);
+                },
                 [] { return std::vector<std::string>{"null"}; }},
 };
 
 const SinkDetails& GetSinkDetails(std::string_view sink_id) {
     auto iter =
-        std::find_if(g_sink_details.begin(), g_sink_details.end(),
+        std::find_if(std::begin(sink_details), std::end(sink_details),
                      [sink_id](const auto& sink_detail) { return sink_detail.id == sink_id; });
 
-    if (sink_id == "auto" || iter == g_sink_details.end()) {
+    if (sink_id == "auto" || iter == std::end(sink_details)) {
         if (sink_id != "auto") {
             LOG_ERROR(Audio, "AudioCore::SelectSink given invalid sink_id {}", sink_id);
         }
         // Auto-select.
-        // g_sink_details is ordered in terms of desirability, with the best choice at the front.
-        iter = g_sink_details.begin();
+        // sink_details is ordered in terms of desirability, with the best choice at the front.
+        iter = std::begin(sink_details);
     }
 
     return *iter;
 }
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+std::vector<const char*> GetSinkIDs() {
+    std::vector<const char*> sink_ids(std::size(sink_details));
+
+    std::transform(std::begin(sink_details), std::end(sink_details), std::begin(sink_ids),
+                   [](const auto& sink) { return sink.id; });
+
+    return sink_ids;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> GetDeviceListForSink(std::string_view sink_id) {
+    return GetSinkDetails(sink_id).list_devices();
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<Sink> CreateSinkFromID(std::string_view sink_id, std::string_view device_id) {
+    return GetSinkDetails(sink_id).factory(device_id);
+}
 
 } // namespace AudioCore

src/audio_core/sink_details.h

@@ -4,34 +4,21 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <functional>
-#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
-#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace AudioCore {
 
 class Sink;
 
-struct SinkDetails {
-    using FactoryFn = std::function<std::unique_ptr<Sink>(std::string)>;
-    using ListDevicesFn = std::function<std::vector<std::string>()>;
+/// Retrieves the IDs for all available audio sinks.
+std::vector<const char*> GetSinkIDs();
 
-    SinkDetails(const char* id_, FactoryFn factory_, ListDevicesFn list_devices_)
-        : id(id_), factory(std::move(factory_)), list_devices(std::move(list_devices_)) {}
+/// Gets the list of devices for a particular sink identified by the given ID.
+std::vector<std::string> GetDeviceListForSink(std::string_view sink_id);
 
-    /// Name for this sink.
-    const char* id;
-    /// A method to call to construct an instance of this type of sink.
-    FactoryFn factory;
-    /// A method to call to list available devices.
-    ListDevicesFn list_devices;
-};
-
-extern const std::vector<SinkDetails> g_sink_details;
-
-const SinkDetails& GetSinkDetails(std::string_view sink_id);
+/// Creates an audio sink identified by the given device ID.
+std::unique_ptr<Sink> CreateSinkFromID(std::string_view sink_id, std::string_view device_id);
 
 } // namespace AudioCore

src/audio_core/stream.cpp

@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ u32 Stream::GetNumChannels() const {
     case Format::Multi51Channel16:
         return 6;
     }
-    LOG_CRITICAL(Audio, "Unimplemented format={}", static_cast<u32>(format));
-    UNREACHABLE();
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented format={}", static_cast<u32>(format));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ void Stream::Play() {
 
 void Stream::Stop() {
     state = State::Stopped;
-    ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unimplemented");
+    UNIMPLEMENTED();
 }
 
 Stream::State Stream::GetState() const {
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ bool Stream::QueueBuffer(BufferPtr&& buffer) {
 }
 
 bool Stream::ContainsBuffer(Buffer::Tag tag) const {
-    ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unimplemented");
+    UNIMPLEMENTED();
     return {};
 }
 

src/common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ add_library(common STATIC
     detached_tasks.cpp
     detached_tasks.h
     bit_field.h
-    bit_set.h
+    bit_util.h
     cityhash.cpp
     cityhash.h
     color.h
@@ -95,14 +95,9 @@ if(ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
         PRIVATE
             x64/cpu_detect.cpp
             x64/cpu_detect.h
-            x64/xbyak_abi.h
-            x64/xbyak_util.h
     )
 endif()
 
 create_target_directory_groups(common)
 
 target_link_libraries(common PUBLIC Boost::boost fmt microprofile)
-if (ARCHITECTURE_x86_64)
-    target_link_libraries(common PRIVATE xbyak)
-endif()

src/common/assert.h

@@ -52,5 +52,8 @@ __declspec(noinline, noreturn)
 #define DEBUG_ASSERT_MSG(_a_, _desc_, ...)
 #endif
 
-#define UNIMPLEMENTED() LOG_CRITICAL(Debug, "Unimplemented code!")
+#define UNIMPLEMENTED() ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unimplemented code!")
 #define UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG(...) ASSERT_MSG(false, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(cond) ASSERT_MSG(!(cond), "Unimplemented code!")
+#define UNIMPLEMENTED_IF_MSG(cond, ...) ASSERT_MSG(!(cond), __VA_ARGS__)

src/common/bit_set.h

@@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
-// This file is under the public domain.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstddef>
-#ifdef _WIN32
-#include <intrin.h>
-#endif
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <new>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-
-// namespace avoids conflict with OS X Carbon; don't use BitSet<T> directly
-namespace Common {
-
-// Helper functions:
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-template <typename T>
-static inline int CountSetBits(T v) {
-    // from https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html
-    // GCC has this built in, but MSVC's intrinsic will only emit the actual
-    // POPCNT instruction, which we're not depending on
-    v = v - ((v >> 1) & (T) ~(T)0 / 3);
-    v = (v & (T) ~(T)0 / 15 * 3) + ((v >> 2) & (T) ~(T)0 / 15 * 3);
-    v = (v + (v >> 4)) & (T) ~(T)0 / 255 * 15;
-    return (T)(v * ((T) ~(T)0 / 255)) >> (sizeof(T) - 1) * 8;
-}
-static inline int LeastSignificantSetBit(u8 val) {
-    unsigned long index;
-    _BitScanForward(&index, val);
-    return (int)index;
-}
-static inline int LeastSignificantSetBit(u16 val) {
-    unsigned long index;
-    _BitScanForward(&index, val);
-    return (int)index;
-}
-static inline int LeastSignificantSetBit(u32 val) {
-    unsigned long index;
-    _BitScanForward(&index, val);
-    return (int)index;
-}
-static inline int LeastSignificantSetBit(u64 val) {
-    unsigned long index;
-    _BitScanForward64(&index, val);
-    return (int)index;
-}
-#else
-static inline int CountSetBits(u8 val) {
-    return __builtin_popcount(val);
-}
-static inline int CountSetBits(u16 val) {
-    return __builtin_popcount(val);
-}
-static inline int CountSetBits(u32 val) {
-    return __builtin_popcount(val);
-}
-static inline int CountSetBits(u64 val) {
-    return __builtin_popcountll(val);
-}
-static inline int LeastSignificantSetBit(u8 val) {
-    return __builtin_ctz(val);
-}
-static inline int LeastSignificantSetBit(u16 val) {
-    return __builtin_ctz(val);
-}
-static inline int LeastSignificantSetBit(u32 val) {
-    return __builtin_ctz(val);
-}
-static inline int LeastSignificantSetBit(u64 val) {
-    return __builtin_ctzll(val);
-}
-#endif
-
-// Similar to std::bitset, this is a class which encapsulates a bitset, i.e.
-// using the set bits of an integer to represent a set of integers.  Like that
-// class, it acts like an array of bools:
-//     BitSet32 bs;
-//     bs[1] = true;
-// but also like the underlying integer ([0] = least significant bit):
-//     BitSet32 bs2 = ...;
-//     bs = (bs ^ bs2) & BitSet32(0xffff);
-// The following additional functionality is provided:
-// - Construction using an initializer list.
-//     BitSet bs { 1, 2, 4, 8 };
-// - Efficiently iterating through the set bits:
-//     for (int i : bs)
-//         [i is the *index* of a set bit]
-//   (This uses the appropriate CPU instruction to find the next set bit in one
-//   operation.)
-// - Counting set bits using .Count() - see comment on that method.
-
-// TODO: use constexpr when MSVC gets out of the Dark Ages
-
-template <typename IntTy>
-class BitSet {
-    static_assert(!std::is_signed_v<IntTy>, "BitSet should not be used with signed types");
-
-public:
-    // A reference to a particular bit, returned from operator[].
-    class Ref {
-    public:
-        Ref(Ref&& other) : m_bs(other.m_bs), m_mask(other.m_mask) {}
-        Ref(BitSet* bs, IntTy mask) : m_bs(bs), m_mask(mask) {}
-        operator bool() const {
-            return (m_bs->m_val & m_mask) != 0;
-        }
-        bool operator=(bool set) {
-            m_bs->m_val = (m_bs->m_val & ~m_mask) | (set ? m_mask : 0);
-            return set;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        BitSet* m_bs;
-        IntTy m_mask;
-    };
-
-    // A STL-like iterator is required to be able to use range-based for loops.
-    class Iterator {
-    public:
-        Iterator(const Iterator& other) : m_val(other.m_val), m_bit(other.m_bit) {}
-        Iterator(IntTy val) : m_val(val), m_bit(0) {}
-        Iterator& operator=(Iterator other) {
-            new (this) Iterator(other);
-            return *this;
-        }
-        int operator*() {
-            return m_bit + ComputeLsb();
-        }
-        Iterator& operator++() {
-            int lsb = ComputeLsb();
-            m_val >>= lsb + 1;
-            m_bit += lsb + 1;
-            m_has_lsb = false;
-            return *this;
-        }
-        Iterator operator++(int _) {
-            Iterator other(*this);
-            ++*this;
-            return other;
-        }
-        bool operator==(Iterator other) const {
-            return m_val == other.m_val;
-        }
-        bool operator!=(Iterator other) const {
-            return m_val != other.m_val;
-        }
-
-    private:
-        int ComputeLsb() {
-            if (!m_has_lsb) {
-                m_lsb = LeastSignificantSetBit(m_val);
-                m_has_lsb = true;
-            }
-            return m_lsb;
-        }
-        IntTy m_val;
-        int m_bit;
-        int m_lsb = -1;
-        bool m_has_lsb = false;
-    };
-
-    BitSet() : m_val(0) {}
-    explicit BitSet(IntTy val) : m_val(val) {}
-    BitSet(std::initializer_list<int> init) {
-        m_val = 0;
-        for (int bit : init)
-            m_val |= (IntTy)1 << bit;
-    }
-
-    static BitSet AllTrue(std::size_t count) {
-        return BitSet(count == sizeof(IntTy) * 8 ? ~(IntTy)0 : (((IntTy)1 << count) - 1));
-    }
-
-    Ref operator[](std::size_t bit) {
-        return Ref(this, (IntTy)1 << bit);
-    }
-    const Ref operator[](std::size_t bit) const {
-        return (*const_cast<BitSet*>(this))[bit];
-    }
-    bool operator==(BitSet other) const {
-        return m_val == other.m_val;
-    }
-    bool operator!=(BitSet other) const {
-        return m_val != other.m_val;
-    }
-    bool operator<(BitSet other) const {
-        return m_val < other.m_val;
-    }
-    bool operator>(BitSet other) const {
-        return m_val > other.m_val;
-    }
-    BitSet operator|(BitSet other) const {
-        return BitSet(m_val | other.m_val);
-    }
-    BitSet operator&(BitSet other) const {
-        return BitSet(m_val & other.m_val);
-    }
-    BitSet operator^(BitSet other) const {
-        return BitSet(m_val ^ other.m_val);
-    }
-    BitSet operator~() const {
-        return BitSet(~m_val);
-    }
-    BitSet& operator|=(BitSet other) {
-        return *this = *this | other;
-    }
-    BitSet& operator&=(BitSet other) {
-        return *this = *this & other;
-    }
-    BitSet& operator^=(BitSet other) {
-        return *this = *this ^ other;
-    }
-    operator u32() = delete;
-    operator bool() {
-        return m_val != 0;
-    }
-
-    // Warning: Even though on modern CPUs this is a single fast instruction,
-    // Dolphin's official builds do not currently assume POPCNT support on x86,
-    // so slower explicit bit twiddling is generated.  Still should generally
-    // be faster than a loop.
-    unsigned int Count() const {
-        return CountSetBits(m_val);
-    }
-
-    Iterator begin() const {
-        return Iterator(m_val);
-    }
-    Iterator end() const {
-        return Iterator(0);
-    }
-
-    IntTy m_val;
-};
-
-} // namespace Common
-
-typedef Common::BitSet<u8> BitSet8;
-typedef Common::BitSet<u16> BitSet16;
-typedef Common::BitSet<u32> BitSet32;
-typedef Common::BitSet<u64> BitSet64;

src/common/bit_util.h

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace Common {
+
+/// Gets the size of a specified type T in bits.
+template <typename T>
+constexpr std::size_t BitSize() {
+    return sizeof(T) * CHAR_BIT;
+}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+inline u32 CountLeadingZeroes32(u32 value) {
+    unsigned long leading_zero = 0;
+
+    if (_BitScanReverse(&leading_zero, value) != 0) {
+        return 31 - leading_zero;
+    }
+
+    return 32;
+}
+
+inline u64 CountLeadingZeroes64(u64 value) {
+    unsigned long leading_zero = 0;
+
+    if (_BitScanReverse64(&leading_zero, value) != 0) {
+        return 63 - leading_zero;
+    }
+
+    return 64;
+}
+#else
+inline u32 CountLeadingZeroes32(u32 value) {
+    if (value == 0) {
+        return 32;
+    }
+
+    return __builtin_clz(value);
+}
+
+inline u64 CountLeadingZeroes64(u64 value) {
+    if (value == 0) {
+        return 64;
+    }
+
+    return __builtin_clzll(value);
+}
+#endif
+} // namespace Common

src/common/logging/backend.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #include <share.h>   // For _SH_DENYWR
-#include <windows.h> // For OutputDebugStringA
+#include <windows.h> // For OutputDebugStringW
 #else
 #define _SH_DENYWR 0
 #endif
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ void FileBackend::Write(const Entry& entry) {
 
 void DebuggerBackend::Write(const Entry& entry) {
 #ifdef _WIN32
-    ::OutputDebugStringA(FormatLogMessage(entry).append(1, '\n').c_str());
+    ::OutputDebugStringW(Common::UTF8ToUTF16W(FormatLogMessage(entry).append(1, '\n')).c_str());
 #endif
 }
 

src/common/math_util.h

@@ -4,18 +4,12 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <type_traits>
 
 namespace MathUtil {
 
-static constexpr float PI = 3.14159265f;
-
-inline bool IntervalsIntersect(unsigned start0, unsigned length0, unsigned start1,
-                               unsigned length1) {
-    return (std::max(start0, start1) < std::min(start0 + length0, start1 + length1));
-}
+constexpr float PI = 3.14159265f;
 
 template <class T>
 struct Rectangle {
@@ -24,16 +18,16 @@ struct Rectangle {
     T right{};
     T bottom{};
 
-    Rectangle() = default;
+    constexpr Rectangle() = default;
 
-    Rectangle(T left, T top, T right, T bottom)
+    constexpr Rectangle(T left, T top, T right, T bottom)
         : left(left), top(top), right(right), bottom(bottom) {}
 
     T GetWidth() const {
-        return std::abs(static_cast<typename std::make_signed<T>::type>(right - left));
+        return std::abs(static_cast<std::make_signed_t<T>>(right - left));
     }
     T GetHeight() const {
-        return std::abs(static_cast<typename std::make_signed<T>::type>(bottom - top));
+        return std::abs(static_cast<std::make_signed_t<T>>(bottom - top));
     }
     Rectangle<T> TranslateX(const T x) const {
         return Rectangle{left + x, top, right + x, bottom};

src/common/quaternion.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ template <typename T>
 class Quaternion {
 public:
     Math::Vec3<T> xyz;
-    T w;
+    T w{};
 
     Quaternion<decltype(-T{})> Inverse() const {
         return {-xyz, w};

src/common/thread.cpp

@@ -25,23 +25,6 @@
 
 namespace Common {
 
-int CurrentThreadId() {
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-    return GetCurrentThreadId();
-#elif defined __APPLE__
-    return mach_thread_self();
-#else
-    return 0;
-#endif
-}
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-// Supporting functions
-void SleepCurrentThread(int ms) {
-    Sleep(ms);
-}
-#endif
-
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 
 void SetThreadAffinity(std::thread::native_handle_type thread, u32 mask) {
@@ -62,7 +45,7 @@ void SwitchCurrentThread() {
 
 // This is implemented much nicer in upcoming msvc++, see:
 // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xcb2z8hs(VS.100).aspx
-void SetCurrentThreadName(const char* szThreadName) {
+void SetCurrentThreadName(const char* name) {
     static const DWORD MS_VC_EXCEPTION = 0x406D1388;
 
 #pragma pack(push, 8)
@@ -75,7 +58,7 @@ void SetCurrentThreadName(const char* szThreadName) {
 #pragma pack(pop)
 
     info.dwType = 0x1000;
-    info.szName = szThreadName;
+    info.szName = name;
     info.dwThreadID = -1; // dwThreadID;
     info.dwFlags = 0;
 
@@ -107,10 +90,6 @@ void SetCurrentThreadAffinity(u32 mask) {
 }
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
-void SleepCurrentThread(int ms) {
-    usleep(1000 * ms);
-}
-
 void SwitchCurrentThread() {
     usleep(1000 * 1);
 }
@@ -118,15 +97,15 @@ void SwitchCurrentThread() {
 
 // MinGW with the POSIX threading model does not support pthread_setname_np
 #if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-void SetCurrentThreadName(const char* szThreadName) {
+void SetCurrentThreadName(const char* name) {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-    pthread_setname_np(szThreadName);
+    pthread_setname_np(name);
 #elif defined(__Bitrig__) || defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
-    pthread_set_name_np(pthread_self(), szThreadName);
+    pthread_set_name_np(pthread_self(), name);
 #elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-    pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), "%s", (void*)szThreadName);
+    pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), "%s", (void*)name);
 #else
-    pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), szThreadName);
+    pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), name);
 #endif
 }
 #endif

src/common/thread.h

@@ -13,15 +13,8 @@
 
 namespace Common {
 
-int CurrentThreadId();
-
-void SetThreadAffinity(std::thread::native_handle_type thread, u32 mask);
-void SetCurrentThreadAffinity(u32 mask);
-
 class Event {
 public:
-    Event() : is_set(false) {}
-
     void Set() {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mutex);
         if (!is_set) {
@@ -53,14 +46,14 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    bool is_set;
+    bool is_set = false;
     std::condition_variable condvar;
     std::mutex mutex;
 };
 
 class Barrier {
 public:
-    explicit Barrier(std::size_t count_) : count(count_), waiting(0), generation(0) {}
+    explicit Barrier(std::size_t count_) : count(count_) {}
 
     /// Blocks until all "count" threads have called Sync()
     void Sync() {
@@ -80,12 +73,13 @@ public:
 private:
     std::condition_variable condvar;
     std::mutex mutex;
-    const std::size_t count;
-    std::size_t waiting;
-    std::size_t generation; // Incremented once each time the barrier is used
+    std::size_t count;
+    std::size_t waiting = 0;
+    std::size_t generation = 0; // Incremented once each time the barrier is used
 };
 
-void SleepCurrentThread(int ms);
+void SetThreadAffinity(std::thread::native_handle_type thread, u32 mask);
+void SetCurrentThreadAffinity(u32 mask);
 void SwitchCurrentThread(); // On Linux, this is equal to sleep 1ms
 void SetCurrentThreadName(const char* name);
 

src/common/thread_queue_list.h

@@ -49,6 +49,22 @@ struct ThreadQueueList {
         return T();
     }
 
+    template <typename UnaryPredicate>
+    T get_first_filter(UnaryPredicate filter) const {
+        const Queue* cur = first;
+        while (cur != nullptr) {
+            if (!cur->data.empty()) {
+                for (const auto& item : cur->data) {
+                    if (filter(item))
+                        return item;
+                }
+            }
+            cur = cur->next_nonempty;
+        }
+
+        return T();
+    }
+
     T pop_first() {
         Queue* cur = first;
         while (cur != nullptr) {

src/common/x64/xbyak_abi.h

@@ -1,222 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2016 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <initializer_list>
-#include <xbyak.h>
-#include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/bit_set.h"
-
-namespace Common::X64 {
-
-inline int RegToIndex(const Xbyak::Reg& reg) {
-    using Kind = Xbyak::Reg::Kind;
-    ASSERT_MSG((reg.getKind() & (Kind::REG | Kind::XMM)) != 0,
-               "RegSet only support GPRs and XMM registers.");
-    ASSERT_MSG(reg.getIdx() < 16, "RegSet only supports XXM0-15.");
-    return reg.getIdx() + (reg.getKind() == Kind::REG ? 0 : 16);
-}
-
-inline Xbyak::Reg64 IndexToReg64(int reg_index) {
-    ASSERT(reg_index < 16);
-    return Xbyak::Reg64(reg_index);
-}
-
-inline Xbyak::Xmm IndexToXmm(int reg_index) {
-    ASSERT(reg_index >= 16 && reg_index < 32);
-    return Xbyak::Xmm(reg_index - 16);
-}
-
-inline Xbyak::Reg IndexToReg(int reg_index) {
-    if (reg_index < 16) {
-        return IndexToReg64(reg_index);
-    } else {
-        return IndexToXmm(reg_index);
-    }
-}
-
-inline BitSet32 BuildRegSet(std::initializer_list<Xbyak::Reg> regs) {
-    BitSet32 bits;
-    for (const Xbyak::Reg& reg : regs) {
-        bits[RegToIndex(reg)] = true;
-    }
-    return bits;
-}
-
-const BitSet32 ABI_ALL_GPRS(0x0000FFFF);
-const BitSet32 ABI_ALL_XMMS(0xFFFF0000);
-
-#ifdef _WIN32
-
-// Microsoft x64 ABI
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_RETURN = Xbyak::util::rax;
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_PARAM1 = Xbyak::util::rcx;
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_PARAM2 = Xbyak::util::rdx;
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_PARAM3 = Xbyak::util::r8;
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_PARAM4 = Xbyak::util::r9;
-
-const BitSet32 ABI_ALL_CALLER_SAVED = BuildRegSet({
-    // GPRs
-    Xbyak::util::rcx,
-    Xbyak::util::rdx,
-    Xbyak::util::r8,
-    Xbyak::util::r9,
-    Xbyak::util::r10,
-    Xbyak::util::r11,
-    // XMMs
-    Xbyak::util::xmm0,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm1,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm2,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm3,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm4,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm5,
-});
-
-const BitSet32 ABI_ALL_CALLEE_SAVED = BuildRegSet({
-    // GPRs
-    Xbyak::util::rbx,
-    Xbyak::util::rsi,
-    Xbyak::util::rdi,
-    Xbyak::util::rbp,
-    Xbyak::util::r12,
-    Xbyak::util::r13,
-    Xbyak::util::r14,
-    Xbyak::util::r15,
-    // XMMs
-    Xbyak::util::xmm6,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm7,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm8,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm9,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm10,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm11,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm12,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm13,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm14,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm15,
-});
-
-constexpr std::size_t ABI_SHADOW_SPACE = 0x20;
-
-#else
-
-// System V x86-64 ABI
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_RETURN = Xbyak::util::rax;
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_PARAM1 = Xbyak::util::rdi;
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_PARAM2 = Xbyak::util::rsi;
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_PARAM3 = Xbyak::util::rdx;
-const Xbyak::Reg ABI_PARAM4 = Xbyak::util::rcx;
-
-const BitSet32 ABI_ALL_CALLER_SAVED = BuildRegSet({
-    // GPRs
-    Xbyak::util::rcx,
-    Xbyak::util::rdx,
-    Xbyak::util::rdi,
-    Xbyak::util::rsi,
-    Xbyak::util::r8,
-    Xbyak::util::r9,
-    Xbyak::util::r10,
-    Xbyak::util::r11,
-    // XMMs
-    Xbyak::util::xmm0,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm1,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm2,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm3,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm4,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm5,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm6,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm7,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm8,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm9,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm10,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm11,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm12,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm13,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm14,
-    Xbyak::util::xmm15,
-});
-
-const BitSet32 ABI_ALL_CALLEE_SAVED = BuildRegSet({
-    // GPRs
-    Xbyak::util::rbx,
-    Xbyak::util::rbp,
-    Xbyak::util::r12,
-    Xbyak::util::r13,
-    Xbyak::util::r14,
-    Xbyak::util::r15,
-});
-
-constexpr std::size_t ABI_SHADOW_SPACE = 0;
-
-#endif
-
-inline void ABI_CalculateFrameSize(BitSet32 regs, std::size_t rsp_alignment,
-                                   std::size_t needed_frame_size, s32* out_subtraction,
-                                   s32* out_xmm_offset) {
-    int count = (regs & ABI_ALL_GPRS).Count();
-    rsp_alignment -= count * 8;
-    std::size_t subtraction = 0;
-    int xmm_count = (regs & ABI_ALL_XMMS).Count();
-    if (xmm_count) {
-        // If we have any XMMs to save, we must align the stack here.
-        subtraction = rsp_alignment & 0xF;
-    }
-    subtraction += 0x10 * xmm_count;
-    std::size_t xmm_base_subtraction = subtraction;
-    subtraction += needed_frame_size;
-    subtraction += ABI_SHADOW_SPACE;
-    // Final alignment.
-    rsp_alignment -= subtraction;
-    subtraction += rsp_alignment & 0xF;
-
-    *out_subtraction = (s32)subtraction;
-    *out_xmm_offset = (s32)(subtraction - xmm_base_subtraction);
-}
-
-inline std::size_t ABI_PushRegistersAndAdjustStack(Xbyak::CodeGenerator& code, BitSet32 regs,
-                                                   std::size_t rsp_alignment,
-                                                   std::size_t needed_frame_size = 0) {
-    s32 subtraction, xmm_offset;
-    ABI_CalculateFrameSize(regs, rsp_alignment, needed_frame_size, &subtraction, &xmm_offset);
-
-    for (int reg_index : (regs & ABI_ALL_GPRS)) {
-        code.push(IndexToReg64(reg_index));
-    }
-
-    if (subtraction != 0) {
-        code.sub(code.rsp, subtraction);
-    }
-
-    for (int reg_index : (regs & ABI_ALL_XMMS)) {
-        code.movaps(code.xword[code.rsp + xmm_offset], IndexToXmm(reg_index));
-        xmm_offset += 0x10;
-    }
-
-    return ABI_SHADOW_SPACE;
-}
-
-inline void ABI_PopRegistersAndAdjustStack(Xbyak::CodeGenerator& code, BitSet32 regs,
-                                           std::size_t rsp_alignment,
-                                           std::size_t needed_frame_size = 0) {
-    s32 subtraction, xmm_offset;
-    ABI_CalculateFrameSize(regs, rsp_alignment, needed_frame_size, &subtraction, &xmm_offset);
-
-    for (int reg_index : (regs & ABI_ALL_XMMS)) {
-        code.movaps(IndexToXmm(reg_index), code.xword[code.rsp + xmm_offset]);
-        xmm_offset += 0x10;
-    }
-
-    if (subtraction != 0) {
-        code.add(code.rsp, subtraction);
-    }
-
-    // GPRs need to be popped in reverse order
-    for (int reg_index = 15; reg_index >= 0; reg_index--) {
-        if (regs[reg_index]) {
-            code.pop(IndexToReg64(reg_index));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace Common::X64

src/common/x64/xbyak_util.h

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2016 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <xbyak.h>
-#include "common/x64/xbyak_abi.h"
-
-namespace Common::X64 {
-
-// Constants for use with cmpps/cmpss
-enum {
-    CMP_EQ = 0,
-    CMP_LT = 1,
-    CMP_LE = 2,
-    CMP_UNORD = 3,
-    CMP_NEQ = 4,
-    CMP_NLT = 5,
-    CMP_NLE = 6,
-    CMP_ORD = 7,
-};
-
-inline bool IsWithin2G(uintptr_t ref, uintptr_t target) {
-    u64 distance = target - (ref + 5);
-    return !(distance >= 0x8000'0000ULL && distance <= ~0x8000'0000ULL);
-}
-
-inline bool IsWithin2G(const Xbyak::CodeGenerator& code, uintptr_t target) {
-    return IsWithin2G(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(code.getCurr()), target);
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-inline void CallFarFunction(Xbyak::CodeGenerator& code, const T f) {
-    static_assert(std::is_pointer_v<T>, "Argument must be a (function) pointer.");
-    std::size_t addr = reinterpret_cast<std::size_t>(f);
-    if (IsWithin2G(code, addr)) {
-        code.call(f);
-    } else {
-        // ABI_RETURN is a safe temp register to use before a call
-        code.mov(ABI_RETURN, addr);
-        code.call(ABI_RETURN);
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace Common::X64

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 add_library(core STATIC
     arm/arm_interface.h
+    arm/arm_interface.cpp
     arm/exclusive_monitor.cpp
     arm/exclusive_monitor.h
     arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp
@@ -12,6 +13,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     core_timing.h
     core_timing_util.cpp
     core_timing_util.h
+    cpu_core_manager.cpp
+    cpu_core_manager.h
     crypto/aes_util.cpp
     crypto/aes_util.h
     crypto/encryption_layer.cpp
@@ -61,6 +64,10 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     file_sys/sdmc_factory.h
     file_sys/submission_package.cpp
     file_sys/submission_package.h
+    file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.cpp
+    file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.h
+    file_sys/system_archive/system_archive.cpp
+    file_sys/system_archive/system_archive.h
     file_sys/vfs.cpp
     file_sys/vfs.h
     file_sys/vfs_concat.cpp
@@ -77,6 +84,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     file_sys/vfs_vector.h
     file_sys/xts_archive.cpp
     file_sys/xts_archive.h
+    frontend/applets/profile_select.cpp
+    frontend/applets/profile_select.h
     frontend/applets/software_keyboard.cpp
     frontend/applets/software_keyboard.h
     frontend/emu_window.cpp
@@ -95,8 +104,6 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/kernel/client_session.cpp
     hle/kernel/client_session.h
     hle/kernel/errors.h
-    hle/kernel/event.cpp
-    hle/kernel/event.h
     hle/kernel/handle_table.cpp
     hle/kernel/handle_table.h
     hle/kernel/hle_ipc.cpp
@@ -109,6 +116,10 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/kernel/object.h
     hle/kernel/process.cpp
     hle/kernel/process.h
+    hle/kernel/process_capability.cpp
+    hle/kernel/process_capability.h
+    hle/kernel/readable_event.cpp
+    hle/kernel/readable_event.h
     hle/kernel/resource_limit.cpp
     hle/kernel/resource_limit.h
     hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp
@@ -131,6 +142,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/kernel/vm_manager.h
     hle/kernel/wait_object.cpp
     hle/kernel/wait_object.h
+    hle/kernel/writable_event.cpp
+    hle/kernel/writable_event.h
     hle/lock.cpp
     hle/lock.h
     hle/result.h
@@ -154,8 +167,12 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     hle/service/am/applet_oe.h
     hle/service/am/applets/applets.cpp
     hle/service/am/applets/applets.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/profile_select.cpp
+    hle/service/am/applets/profile_select.h
     hle/service/am/applets/software_keyboard.cpp
     hle/service/am/applets/software_keyboard.h
+    hle/service/am/applets/stub_applet.cpp
+    hle/service/am/applets/stub_applet.h
     hle/service/am/idle.cpp
     hle/service/am/idle.h
     hle/service/am/omm.cpp

src/core/arm/arm_interface.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+void ARM_Interface::LogBacktrace() const {
+    VAddr fp = GetReg(29);
+    VAddr lr = GetReg(30);
+    const VAddr sp = GetReg(13);
+    const VAddr pc = GetPC();
+
+    LOG_ERROR(Core_ARM, "Backtrace, sp={:016X}, pc={:016X}", sp, pc);
+    while (true) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Core_ARM, "{:016X}", lr);
+        if (!fp) {
+            break;
+        }
+        lr = Memory::Read64(fp + 8) - 4;
+        fp = Memory::Read64(fp);
+    }
+}
+} // namespace Core

src/core/arm/arm_interface.h

@@ -141,6 +141,14 @@ public:
 
     /// Prepare core for thread reschedule (if needed to correctly handle state)
     virtual void PrepareReschedule() = 0;
+
+    /// fp (= r29) points to the last frame record.
+    /// Note that this is the frame record for the *previous* frame, not the current one.
+    /// Note we need to subtract 4 from our last read to get the proper address
+    /// Frame records are two words long:
+    /// fp+0 : pointer to previous frame record
+    /// fp+8 : value of lr for frame
+    void LogBacktrace() const;
 };
 
 } // namespace Core

src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.cpp

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Dynarmic::A64::Jit> ARM_Dynarmic::MakeJit() const {
     config.tpidr_el0 = &cb->tpidr_el0;
     config.dczid_el0 = 4;
     config.ctr_el0 = 0x8444c004;
+    config.cntfrq_el0 = 19200000; // Value from fusee.
 
     // Unpredictable instructions
     config.define_unpredictable_behaviour = true;

src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
 
 namespace Core {
 

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "common/file_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
 #include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/core_cpu.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
+#include "core/cpu_core_manager.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/mode.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_concat.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_real.h"
@@ -28,7 +30,6 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
 #include "core/perf_stats.h"
-#include "core/settings.h"
 #include "core/telemetry_session.h"
 #include "frontend/applets/software_keyboard.h"
 #include "video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h"
@@ -40,7 +41,6 @@ namespace Core {
 
 /*static*/ System System::s_instance;
 
-namespace {
 FileSys::VirtualFile GetGameFileFromPath(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs,
                                          const std::string& path) {
     // To account for split 00+01+etc files.
@@ -69,66 +69,26 @@ FileSys::VirtualFile GetGameFileFromPath(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs,
         return FileSys::ConcatenatedVfsFile::MakeConcatenatedFile(concat, dir->GetName());
     }
 
+    if (FileUtil::IsDirectory(path))
+        return vfs->OpenFile(path + "/" + "main", FileSys::Mode::Read);
+
     return vfs->OpenFile(path, FileSys::Mode::Read);
 }
-
-/// Runs a CPU core while the system is powered on
-void RunCpuCore(Cpu& cpu_state) {
-    while (Core::System::GetInstance().IsPoweredOn()) {
-        cpu_state.RunLoop(true);
-    }
-}
-} // Anonymous namespace
-
 struct System::Impl {
-    Cpu& CurrentCpuCore() {
-        if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
-            const auto& search = thread_to_cpu.find(std::this_thread::get_id());
-            ASSERT(search != thread_to_cpu.end());
-            ASSERT(search->second);
-            return *search->second;
-        }
 
-        // Otherwise, use single-threaded mode active_core variable
-        return *cpu_cores[active_core];
+    Cpu& CurrentCpuCore() {
+        return cpu_core_manager.GetCurrentCore();
     }
 
     ResultStatus RunLoop(bool tight_loop) {
         status = ResultStatus::Success;
 
-        // Update thread_to_cpu in case Core 0 is run from a different host thread
-        thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cpu_cores[0].get();
-
-        if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
-            GDBStub::HandlePacket();
-
-            // If the loop is halted and we want to step, use a tiny (1) number of instructions to
-            // execute. Otherwise, get out of the loop function.
-            if (GDBStub::GetCpuHaltFlag()) {
-                if (GDBStub::GetCpuStepFlag()) {
-                    tight_loop = false;
-                } else {
-                    return ResultStatus::Success;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (active_core = 0; active_core < NUM_CPU_CORES; ++active_core) {
-            cpu_cores[active_core]->RunLoop(tight_loop);
-            if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
-                // Cores 1-3 are run on other threads in this mode
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
-            GDBStub::SetCpuStepFlag(false);
-        }
+        cpu_core_manager.RunLoop(tight_loop);
 
         return status;
     }
 
-    ResultStatus Init(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window) {
+    ResultStatus Init(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window) {
         LOG_DEBUG(HW_Memory, "initialized OK");
 
         CoreTiming::Init();
@@ -139,18 +99,14 @@ struct System::Impl {
             virtual_filesystem = std::make_shared<FileSys::RealVfsFilesystem>();
 
         /// Create default implementations of applets if one is not provided.
+        if (profile_selector == nullptr)
+            profile_selector = std::make_unique<Core::Frontend::DefaultProfileSelectApplet>();
         if (software_keyboard == nullptr)
             software_keyboard = std::make_unique<Core::Frontend::DefaultSoftwareKeyboardApplet>();
 
         auto main_process = Kernel::Process::Create(kernel, "main");
         kernel.MakeCurrentProcess(main_process.get());
 
-        cpu_barrier = std::make_unique<CpuBarrier>();
-        cpu_exclusive_monitor = Cpu::MakeExclusiveMonitor(cpu_cores.size());
-        for (std::size_t index = 0; index < cpu_cores.size(); ++index) {
-            cpu_cores[index] = std::make_unique<Cpu>(*cpu_exclusive_monitor, *cpu_barrier, index);
-        }
-
         telemetry_session = std::make_unique<Core::TelemetrySession>();
         service_manager = std::make_shared<Service::SM::ServiceManager>();
 
@@ -164,17 +120,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
 
         gpu_core = std::make_unique<Tegra::GPU>(renderer->Rasterizer());
 
-        // Create threads for CPU cores 1-3, and build thread_to_cpu map
-        // CPU core 0 is run on the main thread
-        thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cpu_cores[0].get();
-        if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
-            for (std::size_t index = 0; index < cpu_core_threads.size(); ++index) {
-                cpu_core_threads[index] =
-                    std::make_unique<std::thread>(RunCpuCore, std::ref(*cpu_cores[index + 1]));
-                thread_to_cpu[cpu_core_threads[index]->get_id()] = cpu_cores[index + 1].get();
-            }
-        }
-
+        cpu_core_manager.Initialize(system);
+        is_powered_on = true;
         LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Initialized OK");
 
         // Reset counters and set time origin to current frame
@@ -184,7 +131,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
         return ResultStatus::Success;
     }
 
-    ResultStatus Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath) {
+    ResultStatus Load(System& system, Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window,
+                      const std::string& filepath) {
         app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath));
 
         if (!app_loader) {
@@ -201,7 +149,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
             return ResultStatus::ErrorSystemMode;
         }
 
-        ResultStatus init_result{Init(emu_window)};
+        ResultStatus init_result{Init(system, emu_window)};
         if (init_result != ResultStatus::Success) {
             LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to initialize system (Error {})!",
                          static_cast<int>(init_result));
@@ -231,6 +179,8 @@ struct System::Impl {
         Telemetry().AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::Performance, "Shutdown_Frametime",
                              perf_results.frametime * 1000.0);
 
+        is_powered_on = false;
+
         // Shutdown emulation session
         renderer.reset();
         GDBStub::Shutdown();
@@ -240,19 +190,7 @@ struct System::Impl {
         gpu_core.reset();
 
         // Close all CPU/threading state
-        cpu_barrier->NotifyEnd();
-        if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
-            for (auto& thread : cpu_core_threads) {
-                thread->join();
-                thread.reset();
-            }
-        }
-        thread_to_cpu.clear();
-        for (auto& cpu_core : cpu_cores) {
-            cpu_core.reset();
-        }
-        cpu_exclusive_monitor.reset();
-        cpu_barrier.reset();
+        cpu_core_manager.Shutdown();
 
         // Shutdown kernel and core timing
         kernel.Shutdown();
@@ -289,13 +227,11 @@ struct System::Impl {
     std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer;
     std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> gpu_core;
     std::shared_ptr<Tegra::DebugContext> debug_context;
-    std::unique_ptr<ExclusiveMonitor> cpu_exclusive_monitor;
-    std::unique_ptr<CpuBarrier> cpu_barrier;
-    std::array<std::unique_ptr<Cpu>, NUM_CPU_CORES> cpu_cores;
-    std::array<std::unique_ptr<std::thread>, NUM_CPU_CORES - 1> cpu_core_threads;
-    std::size_t active_core{}; ///< Active core, only used in single thread mode
+    CpuCoreManager cpu_core_manager;
+    bool is_powered_on = false;
 
     /// Frontend applets
+    std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::ProfileSelectApplet> profile_selector;
     std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::SoftwareKeyboardApplet> software_keyboard;
 
     /// Service manager
@@ -307,9 +243,6 @@ struct System::Impl {
     ResultStatus status = ResultStatus::Success;
     std::string status_details = "";
 
-    /// Map of guest threads to CPU cores
-    std::map<std::thread::id, Cpu*> thread_to_cpu;
-
     Core::PerfStats perf_stats;
     Core::FrameLimiter frame_limiter;
 };
@@ -334,17 +267,15 @@ System::ResultStatus System::SingleStep() {
 }
 
 void System::InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches() {
-    for (auto& cpu : impl->cpu_cores) {
-        cpu->ArmInterface().ClearInstructionCache();
-    }
+    impl->cpu_core_manager.InvalidateAllInstructionCaches();
 }
 
 System::ResultStatus System::Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath) {
-    return impl->Load(emu_window, filepath);
+    return impl->Load(*this, emu_window, filepath);
 }
 
 bool System::IsPoweredOn() const {
-    return impl->cpu_barrier && impl->cpu_barrier->IsAlive();
+    return impl->is_powered_on;
 }
 
 void System::PrepareReschedule() {
@@ -408,21 +339,20 @@ const ARM_Interface& System::ArmInterface(std::size_t core_index) const {
 }
 
 Cpu& System::CpuCore(std::size_t core_index) {
-    ASSERT(core_index < NUM_CPU_CORES);
-    return *impl->cpu_cores[core_index];
+    return impl->cpu_core_manager.GetCore(core_index);
 }
 
 const Cpu& System::CpuCore(std::size_t core_index) const {
     ASSERT(core_index < NUM_CPU_CORES);
-    return *impl->cpu_cores[core_index];
+    return impl->cpu_core_manager.GetCore(core_index);
 }
 
 ExclusiveMonitor& System::Monitor() {
-    return *impl->cpu_exclusive_monitor;
+    return impl->cpu_core_manager.GetExclusiveMonitor();
 }
 
 const ExclusiveMonitor& System::Monitor() const {
-    return *impl->cpu_exclusive_monitor;
+    return impl->cpu_core_manager.GetExclusiveMonitor();
 }
 
 Tegra::GPU& System::GPU() {
@@ -497,6 +427,14 @@ std::shared_ptr<FileSys::VfsFilesystem> System::GetFilesystem() const {
     return impl->virtual_filesystem;
 }
 
+void System::SetProfileSelector(std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::ProfileSelectApplet> applet) {
+    impl->profile_selector = std::move(applet);
+}
+
+const Core::Frontend::ProfileSelectApplet& System::GetProfileSelector() const {
+    return *impl->profile_selector;
+}
+
 void System::SetSoftwareKeyboard(std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::SoftwareKeyboardApplet> applet) {
     impl->software_keyboard = std::move(applet);
 }
@@ -506,7 +444,7 @@ const Core::Frontend::SoftwareKeyboardApplet& System::GetSoftwareKeyboard() cons
 }
 
 System::ResultStatus System::Init(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window) {
-    return impl->Init(emu_window);
+    return impl->Init(*this, emu_window);
 }
 
 void System::Shutdown() {

src/core/core.h

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
+#include "frontend/applets/profile_select.h"
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
 class EmuWindow;
@@ -55,6 +57,9 @@ class TelemetrySession;
 
 struct PerfStatsResults;
 
+FileSys::VirtualFile GetGameFileFromPath(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs,
+                                         const std::string& path);
+
 class System {
 public:
     System(const System&) = delete;
@@ -237,6 +242,10 @@ public:
 
     std::shared_ptr<FileSys::VfsFilesystem> GetFilesystem() const;
 
+    void SetProfileSelector(std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::ProfileSelectApplet> applet);
+
+    const Core::Frontend::ProfileSelectApplet& GetProfileSelector() const;
+
     void SetSoftwareKeyboard(std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::SoftwareKeyboardApplet> applet);
 
     const Core::Frontend::SoftwareKeyboardApplet& GetSoftwareKeyboard() const;

src/core/cpu_core_manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_cpu.h"
+#include "core/cpu_core_manager.h"
+#include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
+#include "core/settings.h"
+
+namespace Core {
+namespace {
+void RunCpuCore(const System& system, Cpu& cpu_state) {
+    while (system.IsPoweredOn()) {
+        cpu_state.RunLoop(true);
+    }
+}
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+CpuCoreManager::CpuCoreManager() = default;
+CpuCoreManager::~CpuCoreManager() = default;
+
+void CpuCoreManager::Initialize(System& system) {
+    barrier = std::make_unique<CpuBarrier>();
+    exclusive_monitor = Cpu::MakeExclusiveMonitor(cores.size());
+
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < cores.size(); ++index) {
+        cores[index] = std::make_unique<Cpu>(*exclusive_monitor, *barrier, index);
+    }
+
+    // Create threads for CPU cores 1-3, and build thread_to_cpu map
+    // CPU core 0 is run on the main thread
+    thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cores[0].get();
+    if (!Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < core_threads.size(); ++index) {
+        core_threads[index] = std::make_unique<std::thread>(RunCpuCore, std::cref(system),
+                                                            std::ref(*cores[index + 1]));
+        thread_to_cpu[core_threads[index]->get_id()] = cores[index + 1].get();
+    }
+}
+
+void CpuCoreManager::Shutdown() {
+    barrier->NotifyEnd();
+    if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+        for (auto& thread : core_threads) {
+            thread->join();
+            thread.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    thread_to_cpu.clear();
+    for (auto& cpu_core : cores) {
+        cpu_core.reset();
+    }
+
+    exclusive_monitor.reset();
+    barrier.reset();
+}
+
+Cpu& CpuCoreManager::GetCore(std::size_t index) {
+    return *cores.at(index);
+}
+
+const Cpu& CpuCoreManager::GetCore(std::size_t index) const {
+    return *cores.at(index);
+}
+
+ExclusiveMonitor& CpuCoreManager::GetExclusiveMonitor() {
+    return *exclusive_monitor;
+}
+
+const ExclusiveMonitor& CpuCoreManager::GetExclusiveMonitor() const {
+    return *exclusive_monitor;
+}
+
+Cpu& CpuCoreManager::GetCurrentCore() {
+    if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+        const auto& search = thread_to_cpu.find(std::this_thread::get_id());
+        ASSERT(search != thread_to_cpu.end());
+        ASSERT(search->second);
+        return *search->second;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, use single-threaded mode active_core variable
+    return *cores[active_core];
+}
+
+const Cpu& CpuCoreManager::GetCurrentCore() const {
+    if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+        const auto& search = thread_to_cpu.find(std::this_thread::get_id());
+        ASSERT(search != thread_to_cpu.end());
+        ASSERT(search->second);
+        return *search->second;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, use single-threaded mode active_core variable
+    return *cores[active_core];
+}
+
+void CpuCoreManager::RunLoop(bool tight_loop) {
+    // Update thread_to_cpu in case Core 0 is run from a different host thread
+    thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cores[0].get();
+
+    if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
+        GDBStub::HandlePacket();
+
+        // If the loop is halted and we want to step, use a tiny (1) number of instructions to
+        // execute. Otherwise, get out of the loop function.
+        if (GDBStub::GetCpuHaltFlag()) {
+            if (GDBStub::GetCpuStepFlag()) {
+                tight_loop = false;
+            } else {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (active_core = 0; active_core < NUM_CPU_CORES; ++active_core) {
+        cores[active_core]->RunLoop(tight_loop);
+        if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+            // Cores 1-3 are run on other threads in this mode
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
+        GDBStub::SetCpuStepFlag(false);
+    }
+}
+
+void CpuCoreManager::InvalidateAllInstructionCaches() {
+    for (auto& cpu : cores) {
+        cpu->ArmInterface().ClearInstructionCache();
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/cpu_core_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace Core {
+
+class Cpu;
+class CpuBarrier;
+class ExclusiveMonitor;
+class System;
+
+class CpuCoreManager {
+public:
+    CpuCoreManager();
+    CpuCoreManager(const CpuCoreManager&) = delete;
+    CpuCoreManager(CpuCoreManager&&) = delete;
+
+    ~CpuCoreManager();
+
+    CpuCoreManager& operator=(const CpuCoreManager&) = delete;
+    CpuCoreManager& operator=(CpuCoreManager&&) = delete;
+
+    void Initialize(System& system);
+    void Shutdown();
+
+    Cpu& GetCore(std::size_t index);
+    const Cpu& GetCore(std::size_t index) const;
+
+    Cpu& GetCurrentCore();
+    const Cpu& GetCurrentCore() const;
+
+    ExclusiveMonitor& GetExclusiveMonitor();
+    const ExclusiveMonitor& GetExclusiveMonitor() const;
+
+    void RunLoop(bool tight_loop);
+
+    void InvalidateAllInstructionCaches();
+
+private:
+    static constexpr std::size_t NUM_CPU_CORES = 4;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<ExclusiveMonitor> exclusive_monitor;
+    std::unique_ptr<CpuBarrier> barrier;
+    std::array<std::unique_ptr<Cpu>, NUM_CPU_CORES> cores;
+    std::array<std::unique_ptr<std::thread>, NUM_CPU_CORES - 1> core_threads;
+    std::size_t active_core{}; ///< Active core, only used in single thread mode
+
+    /// Map of guest threads to CPU cores
+    std::map<std::thread::id, Cpu*> thread_to_cpu;
+};
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp

@@ -246,7 +246,6 @@ std::vector<TicketRaw> GetTicketblob(const FileUtil::IOFile& ticket_save) {
     }
 
     std::vector<TicketRaw> out;
-    u32 magic{};
     for (std::size_t offset = 0; offset + 0x4 < buffer.size(); ++offset) {
         if (buffer[offset] == 0x4 && buffer[offset + 1] == 0x0 && buffer[offset + 2] == 0x1 &&
             buffer[offset + 3] == 0x0) {
@@ -794,7 +793,7 @@ void KeyManager::DeriveBase() {
 
 void KeyManager::DeriveETicket(PartitionDataManager& data) {
     // ETicket keys
-    const auto es = Service::FileSystem::GetUnionContents()->GetEntry(
+    const auto es = Service::FileSystem::GetUnionContents().GetEntry(
         0x0100000000000033, FileSys::ContentRecordType::Program);
 
     if (es == nullptr)

src/core/file_sys/card_image.h

@@ -32,7 +32,18 @@ enum class GamecardSize : u8 {
 };
 
 struct GamecardInfo {
-    std::array<u8, 0x70> data;
+    u64_le firmware_version;
+    u32_le access_control_flags;
+    u32_le read_wait_time1;
+    u32_le read_wait_time2;
+    u32_le write_wait_time1;
+    u32_le write_wait_time2;
+    u32_le firmware_mode;
+    u32_le cup_version;
+    std::array<u8, 4> reserved1;
+    u64_le update_partition_hash;
+    u64_le cup_id;
+    std::array<u8, 0x38> reserved2;
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(GamecardInfo) == 0x70, "GamecardInfo has incorrect size.");
 

src/core/file_sys/control_metadata.cpp

@@ -8,13 +8,23 @@
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
-const std::array<const char*, 15> LANGUAGE_NAMES = {
-    "AmericanEnglish", "BritishEnglish", "Japanese",
-    "French",          "German",         "LatinAmericanSpanish",
-    "Spanish",         "Italian",        "Dutch",
-    "CanadianFrench",  "Portugese",      "Russian",
-    "Korean",          "Taiwanese",      "Chinese",
-};
+const std::array<const char*, 15> LANGUAGE_NAMES{{
+    "AmericanEnglish",
+    "BritishEnglish",
+    "Japanese",
+    "French",
+    "German",
+    "LatinAmericanSpanish",
+    "Spanish",
+    "Italian",
+    "Dutch",
+    "CanadianFrench",
+    "Portuguese",
+    "Russian",
+    "Korean",
+    "Taiwanese",
+    "Chinese",
+}};
 
 std::string LanguageEntry::GetApplicationName() const {
     return Common::StringFromFixedZeroTerminatedBuffer(application_name.data(),
@@ -26,18 +36,20 @@ std::string LanguageEntry::GetDeveloperName() const {
                                                        developer_name.size());
 }
 
-NACP::NACP(VirtualFile file) : raw(std::make_unique<RawNACP>()) {
-    file->ReadObject(raw.get());
+NACP::NACP() = default;
+
+NACP::NACP(VirtualFile file) {
+    file->ReadObject(&raw);
 }
 
 NACP::~NACP() = default;
 
 const LanguageEntry& NACP::GetLanguageEntry(Language language) const {
     if (language != Language::Default) {
-        return raw->language_entries.at(static_cast<u8>(language));
+        return raw.language_entries.at(static_cast<u8>(language));
     }
 
-    for (const auto& language_entry : raw->language_entries) {
+    for (const auto& language_entry : raw.language_entries) {
         if (!language_entry.GetApplicationName().empty())
             return language_entry;
     }
@@ -55,21 +67,29 @@ std::string NACP::GetDeveloperName(Language language) const {
 }
 
 u64 NACP::GetTitleId() const {
-    return raw->title_id;
+    return raw.title_id;
 }
 
 u64 NACP::GetDLCBaseTitleId() const {
-    return raw->dlc_base_title_id;
+    return raw.dlc_base_title_id;
 }
 
 std::string NACP::GetVersionString() const {
-    return Common::StringFromFixedZeroTerminatedBuffer(raw->version_string.data(),
-                                                       raw->version_string.size());
+    return Common::StringFromFixedZeroTerminatedBuffer(raw.version_string.data(),
+                                                       raw.version_string.size());
+}
+
+u64 NACP::GetDefaultNormalSaveSize() const {
+    return raw.normal_save_data_size;
+}
+
+u64 NACP::GetDefaultJournalSaveSize() const {
+    return raw.journal_sava_data_size;
 }
 
 std::vector<u8> NACP::GetRawBytes() const {
     std::vector<u8> out(sizeof(RawNACP));
-    std::memcpy(out.data(), raw.get(), sizeof(RawNACP));
+    std::memcpy(out.data(), &raw, sizeof(RawNACP));
     return out;
 }
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/control_metadata.h

@@ -28,17 +28,30 @@ static_assert(sizeof(LanguageEntry) == 0x300, "LanguageEntry has incorrect size.
 // The raw file format of a NACP file.
 struct RawNACP {
     std::array<LanguageEntry, 16> language_entries;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x38);
+    std::array<u8, 0x25> isbn;
+    u8 startup_user_account;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(2);
+    u32_le application_attribute;
+    u32_le supported_languages;
+    u32_le parental_control;
+    bool screenshot_enabled;
+    u8 video_capture_mode;
+    bool data_loss_confirmation;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(1);
     u64_le title_id;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x20);
+    std::array<u8, 0x20> rating_age;
     std::array<char, 0x10> version_string;
     u64_le dlc_base_title_id;
     u64_le title_id_2;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x28);
+    u64_le normal_save_data_size;
+    u64_le journal_sava_data_size;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x18);
     u64_le product_code;
-    u64_le title_id_3;
-    std::array<u64_le, 0x7> title_id_array;
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x8);
+    std::array<u64_le, 0x8> local_communication;
+    u8 logo_type;
+    u8 logo_handling;
+    bool runtime_add_on_content_install;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(5);
     u64_le title_id_update;
     std::array<u8, 0x40> bcat_passphrase;
     INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0xEC0);
@@ -72,6 +85,7 @@ extern const std::array<const char*, 15> LANGUAGE_NAMES;
 // These store application name, dev name, title id, and other miscellaneous data.
 class NACP {
 public:
+    explicit NACP();
     explicit NACP(VirtualFile file);
     ~NACP();
 
@@ -81,10 +95,12 @@ public:
     u64 GetTitleId() const;
     u64 GetDLCBaseTitleId() const;
     std::string GetVersionString() const;
+    u64 GetDefaultNormalSaveSize() const;
+    u64 GetDefaultJournalSaveSize() const;
     std::vector<u8> GetRawBytes() const;
 
 private:
-    std::unique_ptr<RawNACP> raw;
+    RawNACP raw{};
 };
 
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/directory.h

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ struct Entry {
         filename[copy_size] = '\0';
     }
 
-    char filename[0x300];
-    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(4);
+    char filename[0x301];
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(3);
     EntryType type;
     INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(3);
     u64 file_size;

src/core/file_sys/patch_manager.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ namespace FileSys {
 constexpr u64 SINGLE_BYTE_MODULUS = 0x100;
 constexpr u64 DLC_BASE_TITLE_ID_MASK = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFE000;
 
+constexpr std::array<const char*, 14> EXEFS_FILE_NAMES{
+    "main",    "main.npdm", "rtld",    "sdk",     "subsdk0", "subsdk1", "subsdk2",
+    "subsdk3", "subsdk4",   "subsdk5", "subsdk6", "subsdk7", "subsdk8", "subsdk9",
+};
+
 struct NSOBuildHeader {
     u32_le magic;
     INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x3C);
@@ -51,33 +56,82 @@ PatchManager::PatchManager(u64 title_id) : title_id(title_id) {}
 
 PatchManager::~PatchManager() = default;
 
+u64 PatchManager::GetTitleID() const {
+    return title_id;
+}
+
 VirtualDir PatchManager::PatchExeFS(VirtualDir exefs) const {
     LOG_INFO(Loader, "Patching ExeFS for title_id={:016X}", title_id);
 
     if (exefs == nullptr)
         return exefs;
 
+    if (Settings::values.dump_exefs) {
+        LOG_INFO(Loader, "Dumping ExeFS for title_id={:016X}", title_id);
+        const auto dump_dir = Service::FileSystem::GetModificationDumpRoot(title_id);
+        if (dump_dir != nullptr) {
+            const auto exefs_dir = GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(dump_dir, "/exefs");
+            VfsRawCopyD(exefs, exefs_dir);
+        }
+    }
+
     const auto installed = Service::FileSystem::GetUnionContents();
 
+    const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[title_id];
+    const auto update_disabled =
+        std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), "Update") != disabled.end();
+
     // Game Updates
     const auto update_tid = GetUpdateTitleID(title_id);
-    const auto update = installed->GetEntry(update_tid, ContentRecordType::Program);
+    const auto update = installed.GetEntry(update_tid, ContentRecordType::Program);
 
-    if (update != nullptr && update->GetExeFS() != nullptr &&
+    if (!update_disabled && update != nullptr && update->GetExeFS() != nullptr &&
         update->GetStatus() == Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingBKTRBaseRomFS) {
         LOG_INFO(Loader, "    ExeFS: Update ({}) applied successfully",
-                 FormatTitleVersion(installed->GetEntryVersion(update_tid).value_or(0)));
+                 FormatTitleVersion(installed.GetEntryVersion(update_tid).value_or(0)));
         exefs = update->GetExeFS();
     }
 
+    // LayeredExeFS
+    const auto load_dir = Service::FileSystem::GetModificationLoadRoot(title_id);
+    if (load_dir != nullptr && load_dir->GetSize() > 0) {
+        auto patch_dirs = load_dir->GetSubdirectories();
+        std::sort(
+            patch_dirs.begin(), patch_dirs.end(),
+            [](const VirtualDir& l, const VirtualDir& r) { return l->GetName() < r->GetName(); });
+
+        std::vector<VirtualDir> layers;
+        layers.reserve(patch_dirs.size() + 1);
+        for (const auto& subdir : patch_dirs) {
+            if (std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), subdir->GetName()) != disabled.end())
+                continue;
+
+            auto exefs_dir = subdir->GetSubdirectory("exefs");
+            if (exefs_dir != nullptr)
+                layers.push_back(std::move(exefs_dir));
+        }
+        layers.push_back(exefs);
+
+        auto layered = LayeredVfsDirectory::MakeLayeredDirectory(std::move(layers));
+        if (layered != nullptr) {
+            LOG_INFO(Loader, "    ExeFS: LayeredExeFS patches applied successfully");
+            exefs = std::move(layered);
+        }
+    }
+
     return exefs;
 }
 
-static std::vector<VirtualFile> CollectPatches(const std::vector<VirtualDir>& patch_dirs,
-                                               const std::string& build_id) {
+std::vector<VirtualFile> PatchManager::CollectPatches(const std::vector<VirtualDir>& patch_dirs,
+                                                      const std::string& build_id) const {
+    const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[title_id];
+
     std::vector<VirtualFile> out;
     out.reserve(patch_dirs.size());
     for (const auto& subdir : patch_dirs) {
+        if (std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), subdir->GetName()) != disabled.end())
+            continue;
+
         auto exefs_dir = subdir->GetSubdirectory("exefs");
         if (exefs_dir != nullptr) {
             for (const auto& file : exefs_dir->GetFiles()) {
@@ -190,6 +244,7 @@ static void ApplyLayeredFS(VirtualFile& romfs, u64 title_id, ContentRecordType t
         return;
     }
 
+    const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[title_id];
     auto patch_dirs = load_dir->GetSubdirectories();
     std::sort(patch_dirs.begin(), patch_dirs.end(),
               [](const VirtualDir& l, const VirtualDir& r) { return l->GetName() < r->GetName(); });
@@ -199,6 +254,9 @@ static void ApplyLayeredFS(VirtualFile& romfs, u64 title_id, ContentRecordType t
     layers.reserve(patch_dirs.size() + 1);
     layers_ext.reserve(patch_dirs.size() + 1);
     for (const auto& subdir : patch_dirs) {
+        if (std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), subdir->GetName()) != disabled.end())
+            continue;
+
         auto romfs_dir = subdir->GetSubdirectory("romfs");
         if (romfs_dir != nullptr)
             layers.push_back(std::move(romfs_dir));
@@ -228,13 +286,12 @@ static void ApplyLayeredFS(VirtualFile& romfs, u64 title_id, ContentRecordType t
 VirtualFile PatchManager::PatchRomFS(VirtualFile romfs, u64 ivfc_offset, ContentRecordType type,
                                      VirtualFile update_raw) const {
     const auto log_string = fmt::format("Patching RomFS for title_id={:016X}, type={:02X}",
-                                        title_id, static_cast<u8>(type))
-                                .c_str();
+                                        title_id, static_cast<u8>(type));
 
     if (type == ContentRecordType::Program || type == ContentRecordType::Data)
-        LOG_INFO(Loader, log_string);
+        LOG_INFO(Loader, "{}", log_string);
     else
-        LOG_DEBUG(Loader, log_string);
+        LOG_DEBUG(Loader, "{}", log_string);
 
     if (romfs == nullptr)
         return romfs;
@@ -243,16 +300,21 @@ VirtualFile PatchManager::PatchRomFS(VirtualFile romfs, u64 ivfc_offset, Content
 
     // Game Updates
     const auto update_tid = GetUpdateTitleID(title_id);
-    const auto update = installed->GetEntryRaw(update_tid, type);
-    if (update != nullptr) {
+    const auto update = installed.GetEntryRaw(update_tid, type);
+
+    const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[title_id];
+    const auto update_disabled =
+        std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), "Update") != disabled.end();
+
+    if (!update_disabled && update != nullptr) {
         const auto new_nca = std::make_shared<NCA>(update, romfs, ivfc_offset);
         if (new_nca->GetStatus() == Loader::ResultStatus::Success &&
             new_nca->GetRomFS() != nullptr) {
             LOG_INFO(Loader, "    RomFS: Update ({}) applied successfully",
-                     FormatTitleVersion(installed->GetEntryVersion(update_tid).value_or(0)));
+                     FormatTitleVersion(installed.GetEntryVersion(update_tid).value_or(0)));
             romfs = new_nca->GetRomFS();
         }
-    } else if (update_raw != nullptr) {
+    } else if (!update_disabled && update_raw != nullptr) {
         const auto new_nca = std::make_shared<NCA>(update_raw, romfs, ivfc_offset);
         if (new_nca->GetStatus() == Loader::ResultStatus::Success &&
             new_nca->GetRomFS() != nullptr) {
@@ -282,25 +344,30 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<>> PatchManager::GetPatchVersionNam
     VirtualFile update_raw) const {
     std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<>> out;
     const auto installed = Service::FileSystem::GetUnionContents();
+    const auto& disabled = Settings::values.disabled_addons[title_id];
 
     // Game Updates
     const auto update_tid = GetUpdateTitleID(title_id);
     PatchManager update{update_tid};
     auto [nacp, discard_icon_file] = update.GetControlMetadata();
 
+    const auto update_disabled =
+        std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), "Update") != disabled.end();
+    const auto update_label = update_disabled ? "[D] Update" : "Update";
+
     if (nacp != nullptr) {
-        out.insert_or_assign("Update", nacp->GetVersionString());
+        out.insert_or_assign(update_label, nacp->GetVersionString());
     } else {
-        if (installed->HasEntry(update_tid, ContentRecordType::Program)) {
-            const auto meta_ver = installed->GetEntryVersion(update_tid);
+        if (installed.HasEntry(update_tid, ContentRecordType::Program)) {
+            const auto meta_ver = installed.GetEntryVersion(update_tid);
             if (meta_ver.value_or(0) == 0) {
-                out.insert_or_assign("Update", "");
+                out.insert_or_assign(update_label, "");
             } else {
                 out.insert_or_assign(
-                    "Update", FormatTitleVersion(*meta_ver, TitleVersionFormat::ThreeElements));
+                    update_label, FormatTitleVersion(*meta_ver, TitleVersionFormat::ThreeElements));
             }
         } else if (update_raw != nullptr) {
-            out.insert_or_assign("Update", "PACKED");
+            out.insert_or_assign(update_label, "PACKED");
         }
     }
 
@@ -314,18 +381,25 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<>> PatchManager::GetPatchVersionNam
             if (IsDirValidAndNonEmpty(exefs_dir)) {
                 bool ips = false;
                 bool ipswitch = false;
+                bool layeredfs = false;
 
                 for (const auto& file : exefs_dir->GetFiles()) {
-                    if (file->GetExtension() == "ips")
+                    if (file->GetExtension() == "ips") {
                         ips = true;
-                    else if (file->GetExtension() == "pchtxt")
+                    } else if (file->GetExtension() == "pchtxt") {
                         ipswitch = true;
+                    } else if (std::find(EXEFS_FILE_NAMES.begin(), EXEFS_FILE_NAMES.end(),
+                                         file->GetName()) != EXEFS_FILE_NAMES.end()) {
+                        layeredfs = true;
+                    }
                 }
 
                 if (ips)
                     AppendCommaIfNotEmpty(types, "IPS");
                 if (ipswitch)
                     AppendCommaIfNotEmpty(types, "IPSwitch");
+                if (layeredfs)
+                    AppendCommaIfNotEmpty(types, "LayeredExeFS");
             }
             if (IsDirValidAndNonEmpty(mod->GetSubdirectory("romfs")))
                 AppendCommaIfNotEmpty(types, "LayeredFS");
@@ -333,19 +407,20 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<>> PatchManager::GetPatchVersionNam
             if (types.empty())
                 continue;
 
-            out.insert_or_assign(mod->GetName(), types);
+            const auto mod_disabled =
+                std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), mod->GetName()) != disabled.end();
+            out.insert_or_assign(mod_disabled ? "[D] " + mod->GetName() : mod->GetName(), types);
         }
     }
 
     // DLC
-    const auto dlc_entries = installed->ListEntriesFilter(TitleType::AOC, ContentRecordType::Data);
+    const auto dlc_entries = installed.ListEntriesFilter(TitleType::AOC, ContentRecordType::Data);
     std::vector<RegisteredCacheEntry> dlc_match;
     dlc_match.reserve(dlc_entries.size());
     std::copy_if(dlc_entries.begin(), dlc_entries.end(), std::back_inserter(dlc_match),
                  [this, &installed](const RegisteredCacheEntry& entry) {
                      return (entry.title_id & DLC_BASE_TITLE_ID_MASK) == title_id &&
-                            installed->GetEntry(entry)->GetStatus() ==
-                                Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
+                            installed.GetEntry(entry)->GetStatus() == Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
                  });
     if (!dlc_match.empty()) {
         // Ensure sorted so DLC IDs show in order.
@@ -357,7 +432,9 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<>> PatchManager::GetPatchVersionNam
 
         list += fmt::format("{}", dlc_match.back().title_id & 0x7FF);
 
-        out.insert_or_assign("DLC", std::move(list));
+        const auto dlc_disabled =
+            std::find(disabled.begin(), disabled.end(), "DLC") != disabled.end();
+        out.insert_or_assign(dlc_disabled ? "[D] DLC" : "DLC", std::move(list));
     }
 
     return out;
@@ -366,7 +443,7 @@ std::map<std::string, std::string, std::less<>> PatchManager::GetPatchVersionNam
 std::pair<std::unique_ptr<NACP>, VirtualFile> PatchManager::GetControlMetadata() const {
     const auto installed{Service::FileSystem::GetUnionContents()};
 
-    const auto base_control_nca = installed->GetEntry(title_id, ContentRecordType::Control);
+    const auto base_control_nca = installed.GetEntry(title_id, ContentRecordType::Control);
     if (base_control_nca == nullptr)
         return {};
 

src/core/file_sys/patch_manager.h

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ public:
     explicit PatchManager(u64 title_id);
     ~PatchManager();
 
+    u64 GetTitleID() const;
+
     // Currently tracked ExeFS patches:
     // - Game Updates
     VirtualDir PatchExeFS(VirtualDir exefs) const;
@@ -63,6 +65,9 @@ public:
     std::pair<std::unique_ptr<NACP>, VirtualFile> ParseControlNCA(const NCA& nca) const;
 
 private:
+    std::vector<VirtualFile> CollectPatches(const std::vector<VirtualDir>& patch_dirs,
+                                            const std::string& build_id) const;
+
     u64 title_id;
 };
 

src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,13 @@ Loader::ResultStatus ProgramMetadata::Load(VirtualFile file) {
     if (sizeof(FileAccessHeader) != file->ReadObject(&aci_file_access, aci_header.fah_offset))
         return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadFileAccessHeader;
 
+    aci_kernel_capabilities.resize(aci_header.kac_size / sizeof(u32));
+    const u64 read_size = aci_header.kac_size;
+    const u64 read_offset = npdm_header.aci_offset + aci_header.kac_offset;
+    if (file->ReadBytes(aci_kernel_capabilities.data(), read_size, read_offset) != read_size) {
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadKernelCapabilityDescriptors;
+    }
+
     return Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
 }
 
@@ -71,6 +78,10 @@ u64 ProgramMetadata::GetFilesystemPermissions() const {
     return aci_file_access.permissions;
 }
 
+const ProgramMetadata::KernelCapabilityDescriptors& ProgramMetadata::GetKernelCapabilities() const {
+    return aci_kernel_capabilities;
+}
+
 void ProgramMetadata::Print() const {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Magic:                  {:.4}", npdm_header.magic.data());
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Main thread priority:   0x{:02X}", npdm_header.main_thread_priority);
@@ -81,16 +92,20 @@ void ProgramMetadata::Print() const {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, " > 64-bit instructions: {}",
               npdm_header.has_64_bit_instructions ? "YES" : "NO");
 
-    auto address_space = "Unknown";
+    const char* address_space = "Unknown";
     switch (npdm_header.address_space_type) {
     case ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is36Bit:
+        address_space = "64-bit (36-bit address space)";
+        break;
     case ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is39Bit:
-        address_space = "64-bit";
+        address_space = "64-bit (39-bit address space)";
         break;
     case ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32Bit:
-    case ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32BitNoMap:
         address_space = "32-bit";
         break;
+    case ProgramAddressSpaceType::Is32BitNoMap:
+        address_space = "32-bit (no map region)";
+        break;
     }
 
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, " > Address space:       {}\n", address_space);

src/core/file_sys/program_metadata.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <vector>
 #include "common/bit_field.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/swap.h"
@@ -38,6 +39,8 @@ enum class ProgramFilePermission : u64 {
  */
 class ProgramMetadata {
 public:
+    using KernelCapabilityDescriptors = std::vector<u32>;
+
     ProgramMetadata();
     ~ProgramMetadata();
 
@@ -50,6 +53,7 @@ public:
     u32 GetMainThreadStackSize() const;
     u64 GetTitleID() const;
     u64 GetFilesystemPermissions() const;
+    const KernelCapabilityDescriptors& GetKernelCapabilities() const;
 
     void Print() const;
 
@@ -154,6 +158,8 @@ private:
 
     FileAccessControl acid_file_access;
     FileAccessHeader aci_file_access;
+
+    KernelCapabilityDescriptors aci_kernel_capabilities;
 };
 
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/registered_cache.cpp

@@ -107,42 +107,41 @@ static ContentRecordType GetCRTypeFromNCAType(NCAContentType type) {
 VirtualFile RegisteredCache::OpenFileOrDirectoryConcat(const VirtualDir& dir,
                                                        std::string_view path) const {
     const auto file = dir->GetFileRelative(path);
-    if (file != nullptr)
-        return file;
-
-    const auto nca_dir = dir->GetDirectoryRelative(path);
-    if (nca_dir != nullptr) {
-        const auto nca_dir = dir->GetDirectoryRelative(path);
-        VirtualFile file = nullptr;
-
-        const auto files = nca_dir->GetFiles();
-        if (files.size() == 1 && files[0]->GetName() == "00") {
-            file = files[0];
-        } else {
-            std::vector<VirtualFile> concat;
-            // Since the files are a two-digit hex number, max is FF.
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 0x100; ++i) {
-                auto next = nca_dir->GetFile(fmt::format("{:02X}", i));
-                if (next != nullptr) {
-                    concat.push_back(std::move(next));
-                } else {
-                    next = nca_dir->GetFile(fmt::format("{:02x}", i));
-                    if (next != nullptr)
-                        concat.push_back(std::move(next));
-                    else
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (concat.empty())
-                return nullptr;
-
-            file = ConcatenatedVfsFile::MakeConcatenatedFile(concat, concat.front()->GetName());
-        }
-
+    if (file != nullptr) {
         return file;
     }
-    return nullptr;
+
+    const auto nca_dir = dir->GetDirectoryRelative(path);
+    if (nca_dir == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    const auto files = nca_dir->GetFiles();
+    if (files.size() == 1 && files[0]->GetName() == "00") {
+        return files[0];
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VirtualFile> concat;
+    // Since the files are a two-digit hex number, max is FF.
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 0x100; ++i) {
+        auto next = nca_dir->GetFile(fmt::format("{:02X}", i));
+        if (next != nullptr) {
+            concat.push_back(std::move(next));
+        } else {
+            next = nca_dir->GetFile(fmt::format("{:02x}", i));
+            if (next != nullptr) {
+                concat.push_back(std::move(next));
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (concat.empty()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return ConcatenatedVfsFile::MakeConcatenatedFile(concat, concat.front()->GetName());
 }
 
 VirtualFile RegisteredCache::GetFileAtID(NcaID id) const {
@@ -381,22 +380,22 @@ std::vector<RegisteredCacheEntry> RegisteredCache::ListEntriesFilter(
     return out;
 }
 
-static std::shared_ptr<NCA> GetNCAFromNSPForID(std::shared_ptr<NSP> nsp, const NcaID& id) {
-    const auto file = nsp->GetFile(fmt::format("{}.nca", Common::HexArrayToString(id, false)));
+static std::shared_ptr<NCA> GetNCAFromNSPForID(const NSP& nsp, const NcaID& id) {
+    const auto file = nsp.GetFile(fmt::format("{}.nca", Common::HexArrayToString(id, false)));
     if (file == nullptr)
         return nullptr;
     return std::make_shared<NCA>(file);
 }
 
-InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<XCI> xci, bool overwrite_if_exists,
+InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(const XCI& xci, bool overwrite_if_exists,
                                             const VfsCopyFunction& copy) {
-    return InstallEntry(xci->GetSecurePartitionNSP(), overwrite_if_exists, copy);
+    return InstallEntry(*xci.GetSecurePartitionNSP(), overwrite_if_exists, copy);
 }
 
-InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<NSP> nsp, bool overwrite_if_exists,
+InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(const NSP& nsp, bool overwrite_if_exists,
                                             const VfsCopyFunction& copy) {
-    const auto& ncas = nsp->GetNCAsCollapsed();
-    const auto& meta_iter = std::find_if(ncas.begin(), ncas.end(), [](std::shared_ptr<NCA> nca) {
+    const auto ncas = nsp.GetNCAsCollapsed();
+    const auto meta_iter = std::find_if(ncas.begin(), ncas.end(), [](const auto& nca) {
         return nca->GetType() == NCAContentType::Meta;
     });
 
@@ -410,7 +409,7 @@ InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<NSP> nsp, bool overw
     const auto meta_id_raw = (*meta_iter)->GetName().substr(0, 32);
     const auto meta_id = Common::HexStringToArray<16>(meta_id_raw);
 
-    const auto res = RawInstallNCA(*meta_iter, copy, overwrite_if_exists, meta_id);
+    const auto res = RawInstallNCA(**meta_iter, copy, overwrite_if_exists, meta_id);
     if (res != InstallResult::Success)
         return res;
 
@@ -422,7 +421,7 @@ InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<NSP> nsp, bool overw
         const auto nca = GetNCAFromNSPForID(nsp, record.nca_id);
         if (nca == nullptr)
             return InstallResult::ErrorCopyFailed;
-        const auto res2 = RawInstallNCA(nca, copy, overwrite_if_exists, record.nca_id);
+        const auto res2 = RawInstallNCA(*nca, copy, overwrite_if_exists, record.nca_id);
         if (res2 != InstallResult::Success)
             return res2;
     }
@@ -431,21 +430,21 @@ InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<NSP> nsp, bool overw
     return InstallResult::Success;
 }
 
-InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<NCA> nca, TitleType type,
+InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(const NCA& nca, TitleType type,
                                             bool overwrite_if_exists, const VfsCopyFunction& copy) {
     CNMTHeader header{
-        nca->GetTitleId(), ///< Title ID
-        0,                 ///< Ignore/Default title version
-        type,              ///< Type
-        {},                ///< Padding
-        0x10,              ///< Default table offset
-        1,                 ///< 1 Content Entry
-        0,                 ///< No Meta Entries
-        {},                ///< Padding
+        nca.GetTitleId(), ///< Title ID
+        0,                ///< Ignore/Default title version
+        type,             ///< Type
+        {},               ///< Padding
+        0x10,             ///< Default table offset
+        1,                ///< 1 Content Entry
+        0,                ///< No Meta Entries
+        {},               ///< Padding
     };
     OptionalHeader opt_header{0, 0};
-    ContentRecord c_rec{{}, {}, {}, GetCRTypeFromNCAType(nca->GetType()), {}};
-    const auto& data = nca->GetBaseFile()->ReadBytes(0x100000);
+    ContentRecord c_rec{{}, {}, {}, GetCRTypeFromNCAType(nca.GetType()), {}};
+    const auto& data = nca.GetBaseFile()->ReadBytes(0x100000);
     mbedtls_sha256(data.data(), data.size(), c_rec.hash.data(), 0);
     memcpy(&c_rec.nca_id, &c_rec.hash, 16);
     const CNMT new_cnmt(header, opt_header, {c_rec}, {});
@@ -454,10 +453,10 @@ InstallResult RegisteredCache::InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<NCA> nca, TitleType
     return RawInstallNCA(nca, copy, overwrite_if_exists, c_rec.nca_id);
 }
 
-InstallResult RegisteredCache::RawInstallNCA(std::shared_ptr<NCA> nca, const VfsCopyFunction& copy,
+InstallResult RegisteredCache::RawInstallNCA(const NCA& nca, const VfsCopyFunction& copy,
                                              bool overwrite_if_exists,
                                              std::optional<NcaID> override_id) {
-    const auto in = nca->GetBaseFile();
+    const auto in = nca.GetBaseFile();
     Core::Crypto::SHA256Hash hash{};
 
     // Calculate NcaID

src/core/file_sys/registered_cache.h

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <functional>
-#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
@@ -104,17 +103,16 @@ public:
 
     // Raw copies all the ncas from the xci/nsp to the csache. Does some quick checks to make sure
     // there is a meta NCA and all of them are accessible.
-    InstallResult InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<XCI> xci, bool overwrite_if_exists = false,
+    InstallResult InstallEntry(const XCI& xci, bool overwrite_if_exists = false,
                                const VfsCopyFunction& copy = &VfsRawCopy);
-    InstallResult InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<NSP> nsp, bool overwrite_if_exists = false,
+    InstallResult InstallEntry(const NSP& nsp, bool overwrite_if_exists = false,
                                const VfsCopyFunction& copy = &VfsRawCopy);
 
     // Due to the fact that we must use Meta-type NCAs to determine the existance of files, this
     // poses quite a challenge. Instead of creating a new meta NCA for this file, yuzu will create a
     // dir inside the NAND called 'yuzu_meta' and store the raw CNMT there.
     // TODO(DarkLordZach): Author real meta-type NCAs and install those.
-    InstallResult InstallEntry(std::shared_ptr<NCA> nca, TitleType type,
-                               bool overwrite_if_exists = false,
+    InstallResult InstallEntry(const NCA& nca, TitleType type, bool overwrite_if_exists = false,
                                const VfsCopyFunction& copy = &VfsRawCopy);
 
 private:
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ private:
     std::optional<NcaID> GetNcaIDFromMetadata(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type) const;
     VirtualFile GetFileAtID(NcaID id) const;
     VirtualFile OpenFileOrDirectoryConcat(const VirtualDir& dir, std::string_view path) const;
-    InstallResult RawInstallNCA(std::shared_ptr<NCA> nca, const VfsCopyFunction& copy,
+    InstallResult RawInstallNCA(const NCA& nca, const VfsCopyFunction& copy,
                                 bool overwrite_if_exists, std::optional<NcaID> override_id = {});
     bool RawInstallYuzuMeta(const CNMT& cnmt);
 

src/core/file_sys/romfs_factory.cpp

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ ResultVal<VirtualFile> RomFSFactory::Open(u64 title_id, StorageId storage, Conte
 
     switch (storage) {
     case StorageId::None:
-        res = Service::FileSystem::GetUnionContents()->GetEntry(title_id, type);
+        res = Service::FileSystem::GetUnionContents().GetEntry(title_id, type);
         break;
     case StorageId::NandSystem:
         res = Service::FileSystem::GetSystemNANDContents()->GetEntry(title_id, type);

src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.cpp

@@ -13,12 +13,18 @@
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
+constexpr char SAVE_DATA_SIZE_FILENAME[] = ".yuzu_save_size";
+
 std::string SaveDataDescriptor::DebugInfo() const {
     return fmt::format("[type={:02X}, title_id={:016X}, user_id={:016X}{:016X}, save_id={:016X}]",
                        static_cast<u8>(type), title_id, user_id[1], user_id[0], save_id);
 }
 
-SaveDataFactory::SaveDataFactory(VirtualDir save_directory) : dir(std::move(save_directory)) {}
+SaveDataFactory::SaveDataFactory(VirtualDir save_directory) : dir(std::move(save_directory)) {
+    // Delete all temporary storages
+    // On hardware, it is expected that temporary storage be empty at first use.
+    dir->DeleteSubdirectoryRecursive("temp");
+}
 
 SaveDataFactory::~SaveDataFactory() = default;
 
@@ -120,9 +126,40 @@ std::string SaveDataFactory::GetFullPath(SaveDataSpaceId space, SaveDataType typ
     case SaveDataType::TemporaryStorage:
         return fmt::format("{}{:016X}/{:016X}{:016X}/{:016X}", out, 0, user_id[1], user_id[0],
                            title_id);
+    case SaveDataType::CacheStorage:
+        return fmt::format("{}save/cache/{:016X}", out, title_id);
     default:
         ASSERT_MSG(false, "Unrecognized SaveDataType: {:02X}", static_cast<u8>(type));
+        return fmt::format("{}save/unknown_{:X}/{:016X}", out, static_cast<u8>(type), title_id);
     }
 }
 
+SaveDataSize SaveDataFactory::ReadSaveDataSize(SaveDataType type, u64 title_id,
+                                               u128 user_id) const {
+    const auto path = GetFullPath(SaveDataSpaceId::NandUser, type, title_id, user_id, 0);
+    const auto dir = GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(this->dir, path);
+
+    const auto size_file = dir->GetFile(SAVE_DATA_SIZE_FILENAME);
+    if (size_file == nullptr || size_file->GetSize() < sizeof(SaveDataSize))
+        return {0, 0};
+
+    SaveDataSize out;
+    if (size_file->ReadObject(&out) != sizeof(SaveDataSize))
+        return {0, 0};
+    return out;
+}
+
+void SaveDataFactory::WriteSaveDataSize(SaveDataType type, u64 title_id, u128 user_id,
+                                        SaveDataSize new_value) {
+    const auto path = GetFullPath(SaveDataSpaceId::NandUser, type, title_id, user_id, 0);
+    const auto dir = GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(this->dir, path);
+
+    const auto size_file = dir->CreateFile(SAVE_DATA_SIZE_FILENAME);
+    if (size_file == nullptr)
+        return;
+
+    size_file->Resize(sizeof(SaveDataSize));
+    size_file->WriteObject(new_value);
+}
+
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.h

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ namespace FileSys {
 enum class SaveDataSpaceId : u8 {
     NandSystem = 0,
     NandUser = 1,
-    SdCard = 2,
+    SdCardSystem = 2,
     TemporaryStorage = 3,
+    SdCardUser = 4,
+    ProperSystem = 100,
 };
 
 enum class SaveDataType : u8 {
@@ -44,6 +46,11 @@ struct SaveDataDescriptor {
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(SaveDataDescriptor) == 0x40, "SaveDataDescriptor has incorrect size.");
 
+struct SaveDataSize {
+    u64 normal;
+    u64 journal;
+};
+
 /// File system interface to the SaveData archive
 class SaveDataFactory {
 public:
@@ -58,6 +65,9 @@ public:
     static std::string GetFullPath(SaveDataSpaceId space, SaveDataType type, u64 title_id,
                                    u128 user_id, u64 save_id);
 
+    SaveDataSize ReadSaveDataSize(SaveDataType type, u64 title_id, u128 user_id) const;
+    void WriteSaveDataSize(SaveDataType type, u64 title_id, u128 user_id, SaveDataSize new_value);
+
 private:
     VirtualDir dir;
 };

src/core/file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h"
+
+namespace FileSys::SystemArchive {
+
+namespace NgWord1Data {
+
+constexpr std::size_t NUMBER_WORD_TXT_FILES = 0x10;
+
+// Should this archive replacement mysteriously not work on a future game, consider updating.
+constexpr std::array<u8, 4> VERSION_DAT{0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x19}; // 5.1.0 System Version
+
+constexpr std::array<u8, 30> WORD_TXT{
+    0xFE, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x5E, 0x00, 0x76, 0x00, 0x65, 0x00, 0x72, 0x00, 0x79, 0x00, 0x62, 0x00,
+    0x61, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x77, 0x00, 0x6F, 0x00, 0x72, 0x00, 0x64, 0x00, 0x24, 0x00, 0x0A,
+}; // "^verybadword$" in UTF-16
+
+} // namespace NgWord1Data
+
+VirtualDir NgWord1() {
+    std::vector<VirtualFile> files(NgWord1Data::NUMBER_WORD_TXT_FILES);
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < files.size(); ++i) {
+        files[i] = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT.size()>>(
+            NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT, fmt::format("{}.txt", i));
+    }
+
+    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT.size()>>(
+        NgWord1Data::WORD_TXT, "common.txt"));
+    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord1Data::VERSION_DAT.size()>>(
+        NgWord1Data::VERSION_DAT, "version.dat"));
+
+    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(files, std::vector<VirtualDir>{}, "data");
+}
+
+namespace NgWord2Data {
+
+constexpr std::size_t NUMBER_AC_NX_FILES = 0x10;
+
+// Should this archive replacement mysteriously not work on a future game, consider updating.
+constexpr std::array<u8, 4> VERSION_DAT{0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x15}; // 5.1.0 System Version
+
+constexpr std::array<u8, 0x2C> AC_NX_DATA{
+    0x1F, 0x8B, 0x08, 0x08, 0xD5, 0x2C, 0x09, 0x5C, 0x04, 0x00, 0x61, 0x63, 0x72, 0x61, 0x77,
+    0x00, 0xED, 0xC1, 0x01, 0x0D, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC2, 0x20, 0xFB, 0xA7, 0xB6, 0xC7, 0x07,
+    0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xC8, 0x3B, 0x11, 0x00, 0x1C, 0xC7, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,
+}; // Deserializes to no bad words
+
+} // namespace NgWord2Data
+
+VirtualDir NgWord2() {
+    std::vector<VirtualFile> files(NgWord2Data::NUMBER_AC_NX_FILES * 3);
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < NgWord2Data::NUMBER_AC_NX_FILES; ++i) {
+        files[3 * i] = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
+            NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_b1_nx", i));
+        files[3 * i + 1] = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
+            NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_b2_nx", i));
+        files[3 * i + 2] = std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
+            NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, fmt::format("ac_{}_not_b_nx", i));
+    }
+
+    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
+        NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_b1_nx"));
+    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
+        NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_b2_nx"));
+    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA.size()>>(
+        NgWord2Data::AC_NX_DATA, "ac_common_not_b_nx"));
+    files.push_back(std::make_shared<ArrayVfsFile<NgWord2Data::VERSION_DAT.size()>>(
+        NgWord2Data::VERSION_DAT, "version.dat"));
+
+    return std::make_shared<VectorVfsDirectory>(files, std::vector<VirtualDir>{}, "data");
+}
+
+} // namespace FileSys::SystemArchive

src/core/file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_types.h"
+
+namespace FileSys::SystemArchive {
+
+VirtualDir NgWord1();
+VirtualDir NgWord2();
+
+} // namespace FileSys::SystemArchive

src/core/file_sys/system_archive/system_archive.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/romfs.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/system_archive/ng_word.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/system_archive/system_archive.h"
+
+namespace FileSys::SystemArchive {
+
+constexpr u64 SYSTEM_ARCHIVE_BASE_TITLE_ID = 0x0100000000000800;
+constexpr std::size_t SYSTEM_ARCHIVE_COUNT = 0x28;
+
+using SystemArchiveSupplier = VirtualDir (*)();
+
+struct SystemArchiveDescriptor {
+    u64 title_id;
+    const char* name;
+    SystemArchiveSupplier supplier;
+};
+
+constexpr std::array<SystemArchiveDescriptor, SYSTEM_ARCHIVE_COUNT> SYSTEM_ARCHIVES{{
+    {0x0100000000000800, "CertStore", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000801, "ErrorMessage", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000802, "MiiModel", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000803, "BrowserDll", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000804, "Help", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000805, "SharedFont", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000806, "NgWord", &NgWord1},
+    {0x0100000000000807, "SsidList", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000808, "Dictionary", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000809, "SystemVersion", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000080A, "AvatarImage", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000080B, "LocalNews", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000080C, "Eula", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000080D, "UrlBlackList", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000080E, "TimeZoneBinary", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000080F, "CertStoreCruiser", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000810, "FontNintendoExtension", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000811, "FontStandard", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000812, "FontKorean", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000813, "FontChineseTraditional", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000814, "FontChineseSimple", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000815, "FontBfcpx", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000816, "SystemUpdate", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000817, "0100000000000817", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000818, "FirmwareDebugSettings", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000819, "BootImagePackage", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000081A, "BootImagePackageSafe", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000081B, "BootImagePackageExFat", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000081C, "BootImagePackageExFatSafe", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000081D, "FatalMessage", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000081E, "ControllerIcon", nullptr},
+    {0x010000000000081F, "PlatformConfigIcosa", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000820, "PlatformConfigCopper", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000821, "PlatformConfigHoag", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000822, "ControllerFirmware", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000823, "NgWord2", &NgWord2},
+    {0x0100000000000824, "PlatformConfigIcosaMariko", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000825, "ApplicationBlackList", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000826, "RebootlessSystemUpdateVersion", nullptr},
+    {0x0100000000000827, "ContentActionTable", nullptr},
+}};
+
+VirtualFile SynthesizeSystemArchive(const u64 title_id) {
+    if (title_id < SYSTEM_ARCHIVES.front().title_id || title_id > SYSTEM_ARCHIVES.back().title_id)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    const auto& desc = SYSTEM_ARCHIVES[title_id - SYSTEM_ARCHIVE_BASE_TITLE_ID];
+
+    LOG_INFO(Service_FS, "Synthesizing system archive '{}' (0x{:016X}).", desc.name, desc.title_id);
+
+    if (desc.supplier == nullptr)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    const auto dir = desc.supplier();
+
+    if (dir == nullptr)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    const auto romfs = CreateRomFS(dir);
+
+    if (romfs == nullptr)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    LOG_INFO(Service_FS, "    - System archive generation successful!");
+    return romfs;
+}
+} // namespace FileSys::SystemArchive

src/core/file_sys/system_archive/system_archive.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_types.h"
+
+namespace FileSys::SystemArchive {
+
+VirtualFile SynthesizeSystemArchive(u64 title_id);
+
+} // namespace FileSys::SystemArchive

src/core/file_sys/vfs.cpp

@@ -384,6 +384,28 @@ bool VfsDirectory::DeleteSubdirectoryRecursive(std::string_view name) {
     return success;
 }
 
+bool VfsDirectory::CleanSubdirectoryRecursive(std::string_view name) {
+    auto dir = GetSubdirectory(name);
+    if (dir == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool success = true;
+    for (const auto& file : dir->GetFiles()) {
+        if (!dir->DeleteFile(file->GetName())) {
+            success = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& sdir : dir->GetSubdirectories()) {
+        if (!dir->DeleteSubdirectoryRecursive(sdir->GetName())) {
+            success = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return success;
+}
+
 bool VfsDirectory::Copy(std::string_view src, std::string_view dest) {
     const auto f1 = GetFile(src);
     auto f2 = CreateFile(dest);
@@ -431,10 +453,34 @@ std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::CreateFile(std::string_view name)
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::CreateFileAbsolute(std::string_view path) {
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::CreateFileRelative(std::string_view path) {
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::CreateDirectoryAbsolute(std::string_view path) {
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::CreateDirectoryRelative(std::string_view path) {
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
 bool ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::DeleteSubdirectory(std::string_view name) {
     return false;
 }
 
+bool ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::DeleteSubdirectoryRecursive(std::string_view name) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::CleanSubdirectoryRecursive(std::string_view name) {
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool ReadOnlyVfsDirectory::DeleteFile(std::string_view name) {
     return false;
 }

src/core/file_sys/vfs.h

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ public:
     template <typename T>
     std::size_t WriteArray(const T* data, std::size_t number_elements, std::size_t offset = 0) {
         static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "Data type must be trivially copyable.");
-        return Write(data, number_elements * sizeof(T), offset);
+        return Write(reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(data), number_elements * sizeof(T), offset);
     }
 
     // Writes size bytes starting at memory location data to offset in file.
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ public:
     template <typename T>
     std::size_t WriteObject(const T& data, std::size_t offset = 0) {
         static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>, "Data type must be trivially copyable.");
-        return Write(&data, sizeof(T), offset);
+        return Write(reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(&data), sizeof(T), offset);
     }
 
     // Renames the file to name. Returns whether or not the operation was successsful.
@@ -245,12 +245,18 @@ public:
     // any failure.
     virtual std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> CreateDirectoryAbsolute(std::string_view path);
 
-    // Deletes the subdirectory with name and returns true on success.
+    // Deletes the subdirectory with the given name and returns true on success.
     virtual bool DeleteSubdirectory(std::string_view name) = 0;
-    // Deletes all subdirectories and files of subdirectory with name recirsively and then deletes
-    // the subdirectory. Returns true on success.
+
+    // Deletes all subdirectories and files within the provided directory and then deletes
+    // the directory itself. Returns true on success.
     virtual bool DeleteSubdirectoryRecursive(std::string_view name);
-    // Returnes whether or not the file with name name was deleted successfully.
+
+    // Deletes all subdirectories and files within the provided directory.
+    // Unlike DeleteSubdirectoryRecursive, this does not delete the provided directory.
+    virtual bool CleanSubdirectoryRecursive(std::string_view name);
+
+    // Returns whether or not the file with name name was deleted successfully.
     virtual bool DeleteFile(std::string_view name) = 0;
 
     // Returns whether or not this directory was renamed to name.
@@ -276,7 +282,13 @@ public:
     bool IsReadable() const override;
     std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> CreateSubdirectory(std::string_view name) override;
     std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> CreateFile(std::string_view name) override;
+    std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> CreateFileAbsolute(std::string_view path) override;
+    std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> CreateFileRelative(std::string_view path) override;
+    std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> CreateDirectoryAbsolute(std::string_view path) override;
+    std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> CreateDirectoryRelative(std::string_view path) override;
     bool DeleteSubdirectory(std::string_view name) override;
+    bool DeleteSubdirectoryRecursive(std::string_view name) override;
+    bool CleanSubdirectoryRecursive(std::string_view name) override;
     bool DeleteFile(std::string_view name) override;
     bool Rename(std::string_view name) override;
 };

src/core/file_sys/vfs_vector.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <cstring>
 #include <utility>
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h"
 

src/core/file_sys/vfs_vector.h

@@ -4,10 +4,63 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstring>
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
+// An implementation of VfsFile that is backed by a statically-sized array
+template <std::size_t size>
+class ArrayVfsFile : public VfsFile {
+public:
+    ArrayVfsFile(std::array<u8, size> data, std::string name = "", VirtualDir parent = nullptr)
+        : data(data), name(std::move(name)), parent(std::move(parent)) {}
+
+    std::string GetName() const override {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    std::size_t GetSize() const override {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    bool Resize(std::size_t new_size) override {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> GetContainingDirectory() const override {
+        return parent;
+    }
+
+    bool IsWritable() const override {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool IsReadable() const override {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::size_t Read(u8* data_, std::size_t length, std::size_t offset) const override {
+        const auto read = std::min(length, size - offset);
+        std::memcpy(data_, data.data() + offset, read);
+        return read;
+    }
+
+    std::size_t Write(const u8* data, std::size_t length, std::size_t offset) override {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    bool Rename(std::string_view name) override {
+        this->name = name;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::array<u8, size> data;
+    std::string name;
+    VirtualDir parent;
+};
+
 // An implementation of VfsFile that is backed by a vector optionally supplied upon construction
 class VectorVfsFile : public VfsFile {
 public:

src/core/frontend/applets/profile_select.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "core/frontend/applets/profile_select.h"
+#include "core/settings.h"
+
+namespace Core::Frontend {
+
+ProfileSelectApplet::~ProfileSelectApplet() = default;
+
+void DefaultProfileSelectApplet::SelectProfile(
+    std::function<void(std::optional<Service::Account::UUID>)> callback) const {
+    Service::Account::ProfileManager manager;
+    callback(manager.GetUser(Settings::values.current_user).value_or(Service::Account::UUID{}));
+    LOG_INFO(Service_ACC, "called, selecting current user instead of prompting...");
+}
+
+} // namespace Core::Frontend

src/core/frontend/applets/profile_select.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <optional>
+#include "core/hle/service/acc/profile_manager.h"
+
+namespace Core::Frontend {
+
+class ProfileSelectApplet {
+public:
+    virtual ~ProfileSelectApplet();
+
+    virtual void SelectProfile(
+        std::function<void(std::optional<Service::Account::UUID>)> callback) const = 0;
+};
+
+class DefaultProfileSelectApplet final : public ProfileSelectApplet {
+public:
+    void SelectProfile(
+        std::function<void(std::optional<Service::Account::UUID>)> callback) const override;
+};
+
+} // namespace Core::Frontend

src/core/frontend/framebuffer_layout.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "core/frontend/framebuffer_layout.h"
+#include "core/settings.h"
 
 namespace Layout {
 
@@ -42,4 +43,18 @@ FramebufferLayout DefaultFrameLayout(unsigned width, unsigned height) {
     return res;
 }
 
+FramebufferLayout FrameLayoutFromResolutionScale(u16 res_scale) {
+    int width, height;
+
+    if (Settings::values.use_docked_mode) {
+        width = ScreenDocked::WidthDocked * res_scale;
+        height = ScreenDocked::HeightDocked * res_scale;
+    } else {
+        width = ScreenUndocked::Width * res_scale;
+        height = ScreenUndocked::Height * res_scale;
+    }
+
+    return DefaultFrameLayout(width, height);
+}
+
 } // namespace Layout

src/core/frontend/framebuffer_layout.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 namespace Layout {
 
 enum ScreenUndocked : unsigned { Width = 1280, Height = 720 };
+enum ScreenDocked : unsigned { WidthDocked = 1920, HeightDocked = 1080 };
 
 /// Describes the layout of the window framebuffer
 struct FramebufferLayout {
@@ -34,4 +35,10 @@ struct FramebufferLayout {
  */
 FramebufferLayout DefaultFrameLayout(unsigned width, unsigned height);
 
+/**
+ * Convenience method to get frame layout by resolution scale
+ * @param res_scale resolution scale factor
+ */
+FramebufferLayout FrameLayoutFromResolutionScale(u16 res_scale);
+
 } // namespace Layout

src/core/gdbstub/gdbstub.cpp

@@ -71,10 +71,6 @@ constexpr u32 PSTATE_REGISTER = 33;
 constexpr u32 UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 = 34;
 constexpr u32 FPCR_REGISTER = 66;
 
-// TODO/WiP - Used while working on support for FPU
-constexpr u32 TODO_DUMMY_REG_997 = 997;
-constexpr u32 TODO_DUMMY_REG_998 = 998;
-
 // For sample XML files see the GDB source /gdb/features
 // GDB also wants the l character at the start
 // This XML defines what the registers are for this specific ARM device
@@ -205,11 +201,11 @@ void RegisterModule(std::string name, VAddr beg, VAddr end, bool add_elf_ext) {
     modules.push_back(std::move(module));
 }
 
-static Kernel::Thread* FindThreadById(int id) {
+static Kernel::Thread* FindThreadById(s64 id) {
     for (u32 core = 0; core < Core::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
         const auto& threads = Core::System::GetInstance().Scheduler(core).GetThreadList();
         for (auto& thread : threads) {
-            if (thread->GetThreadID() == static_cast<u32>(id)) {
+            if (thread->GetThreadID() == static_cast<u64>(id)) {
                 current_core = core;
                 return thread.get();
             }
@@ -260,6 +256,36 @@ static void RegWrite(std::size_t id, u64 val, Kernel::Thread* thread = nullptr)
     }
 }
 
+static u128 FpuRead(std::size_t id, Kernel::Thread* thread = nullptr) {
+    if (!thread) {
+        return u128{0};
+    }
+
+    auto& thread_context = thread->GetContext();
+
+    if (id >= UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 && id < FPCR_REGISTER) {
+        return thread_context.vector_registers[id - UC_ARM64_REG_Q0];
+    } else if (id == FPCR_REGISTER) {
+        return u128{thread_context.fpcr, 0};
+    } else {
+        return u128{0};
+    }
+}
+
+static void FpuWrite(std::size_t id, u128 val, Kernel::Thread* thread = nullptr) {
+    if (!thread) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto& thread_context = thread->GetContext();
+
+    if (id >= UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 && id < FPCR_REGISTER) {
+        thread_context.vector_registers[id - UC_ARM64_REG_Q0] = val;
+    } else if (id == FPCR_REGISTER) {
+        thread_context.fpcr = static_cast<u32>(val[0]);
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * Turns hex string character into the equivalent byte.
  *
@@ -409,6 +435,27 @@ static u64 GdbHexToLong(const u8* src) {
     return output;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Convert a gdb-formatted hex string into a u128.
+ *
+ * @param src Pointer to hex string.
+ */
+static u128 GdbHexToU128(const u8* src) {
+    u128 output;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i += 2) {
+        output[0] = (output[0] << 4) | HexCharToValue(src[15 - i - 1]);
+        output[0] = (output[0] << 4) | HexCharToValue(src[15 - i]);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i += 2) {
+        output[1] = (output[1] << 4) | HexCharToValue(src[16 + 15 - i - 1]);
+        output[1] = (output[1] << 4) | HexCharToValue(src[16 + 15 - i]);
+    }
+
+    return output;
+}
+
 /// Read a byte from the gdb client.
 static u8 ReadByte() {
     u8 c;
@@ -599,8 +646,7 @@ static void HandleQuery() {
         for (u32 core = 0; core < Core::NUM_CPU_CORES; core++) {
             const auto& threads = Core::System::GetInstance().Scheduler(core).GetThreadList();
             for (const auto& thread : threads) {
-                val += fmt::format("{:x}", thread->GetThreadID());
-                val += ",";
+                val += fmt::format("{:x},", thread->GetThreadID());
             }
         }
         val.pop_back();
@@ -791,11 +837,15 @@ static void ReadRegister() {
     } else if (id == PSTATE_REGISTER) {
         IntToGdbHex(reply, static_cast<u32>(RegRead(id, current_thread)));
     } else if (id >= UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 && id < FPCR_REGISTER) {
-        LongToGdbHex(reply, RegRead(id, current_thread));
+        u128 r = FpuRead(id, current_thread);
+        LongToGdbHex(reply, r[0]);
+        LongToGdbHex(reply + 16, r[1]);
     } else if (id == FPCR_REGISTER) {
-        LongToGdbHex(reply, RegRead(TODO_DUMMY_REG_998, current_thread));
-    } else {
-        LongToGdbHex(reply, RegRead(TODO_DUMMY_REG_997, current_thread));
+        u128 r = FpuRead(id, current_thread);
+        IntToGdbHex(reply, static_cast<u32>(r[0]));
+    } else if (id == FPCR_REGISTER + 1) {
+        u128 r = FpuRead(id, current_thread);
+        IntToGdbHex(reply, static_cast<u32>(r[0] >> 32));
     }
 
     SendReply(reinterpret_cast<char*>(reply));
@@ -822,13 +872,18 @@ static void ReadRegisters() {
 
     bufptr += 8;
 
-    for (u32 reg = UC_ARM64_REG_Q0; reg <= UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 + 31; reg++) {
-        LongToGdbHex(bufptr + reg * 16, RegRead(reg, current_thread));
+    u128 r;
+
+    for (u32 reg = UC_ARM64_REG_Q0; reg < FPCR_REGISTER; reg++) {
+        r = FpuRead(reg, current_thread);
+        LongToGdbHex(bufptr + reg * 32, r[0]);
+        LongToGdbHex(bufptr + reg * 32 + 16, r[1]);
     }
 
     bufptr += 32 * 32;
 
-    LongToGdbHex(bufptr, RegRead(TODO_DUMMY_REG_998, current_thread));
+    r = FpuRead(FPCR_REGISTER, current_thread);
+    IntToGdbHex(bufptr, static_cast<u32>(r[0]));
 
     bufptr += 8;
 
@@ -853,14 +908,12 @@ static void WriteRegister() {
     } else if (id == PSTATE_REGISTER) {
         RegWrite(id, GdbHexToInt(buffer_ptr), current_thread);
     } else if (id >= UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 && id < FPCR_REGISTER) {
-        RegWrite(id, GdbHexToLong(buffer_ptr), current_thread);
+        FpuWrite(id, GdbHexToU128(buffer_ptr), current_thread);
     } else if (id == FPCR_REGISTER) {
-        RegWrite(TODO_DUMMY_REG_998, GdbHexToLong(buffer_ptr), current_thread);
-    } else {
-        RegWrite(TODO_DUMMY_REG_997, GdbHexToLong(buffer_ptr), current_thread);
+    } else if (id == FPCR_REGISTER + 1) {
     }
 
-    // Update Unicorn context skipping scheduler, no running threads at this point
+    // Update ARM context, skipping scheduler - no running threads at this point
     Core::System::GetInstance()
         .ArmInterface(current_core)
         .LoadContext(current_thread->GetContext());
@@ -885,13 +938,13 @@ static void WriteRegisters() {
         } else if (reg >= UC_ARM64_REG_Q0 && reg < FPCR_REGISTER) {
             RegWrite(reg, GdbHexToLong(buffer_ptr + i * 16), current_thread);
         } else if (reg == FPCR_REGISTER) {
-            RegWrite(TODO_DUMMY_REG_998, GdbHexToLong(buffer_ptr + i * 16), current_thread);
-        } else {
-            UNIMPLEMENTED();
+            RegWrite(FPCR_REGISTER, GdbHexToLong(buffer_ptr + i * 16), current_thread);
+        } else if (reg == FPCR_REGISTER + 1) {
+            RegWrite(FPCR_REGISTER, GdbHexToLong(buffer_ptr + i * 16), current_thread);
         }
     }
 
-    // Update Unicorn context skipping scheduler, no running threads at this point
+    // Update ARM context, skipping scheduler - no running threads at this point
     Core::System::GetInstance()
         .ArmInterface(current_core)
         .LoadContext(current_thread->GetContext());
@@ -917,12 +970,6 @@ static void ReadMemory() {
         SendReply("E01");
     }
 
-    const auto& vm_manager = Core::CurrentProcess()->VMManager();
-    if (addr < vm_manager.GetCodeRegionBaseAddress() ||
-        addr >= vm_manager.GetMapRegionEndAddress()) {
-        return SendReply("E00");
-    }
-
     if (!Memory::IsValidVirtualAddress(addr)) {
         return SendReply("E00");
     }
@@ -967,7 +1014,7 @@ void Break(bool is_memory_break) {
 static void Step() {
     if (command_length > 1) {
         RegWrite(PC_REGISTER, GdbHexToLong(command_buffer + 1), current_thread);
-        // Update Unicorn context skipping scheduler, no running threads at this point
+        // Update ARM context, skipping scheduler - no running threads at this point
         Core::System::GetInstance()
             .ArmInterface(current_core)
             .LoadContext(current_thread->GetContext());
@@ -1010,7 +1057,7 @@ static bool CommitBreakpoint(BreakpointType type, VAddr addr, u64 len) {
     breakpoint.addr = addr;
     breakpoint.len = len;
     Memory::ReadBlock(addr, breakpoint.inst.data(), breakpoint.inst.size());
-    static constexpr std::array<u8, 4> btrap{{0x00, 0x7d, 0x20, 0xd4}};
+    static constexpr std::array<u8, 4> btrap{0x00, 0x7d, 0x20, 0xd4};
     Memory::WriteBlock(addr, btrap.data(), btrap.size());
     Core::System::GetInstance().InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches();
     p.insert({addr, breakpoint});
@@ -1321,13 +1368,15 @@ void SetCpuStepFlag(bool is_step) {
 }
 
 void SendTrap(Kernel::Thread* thread, int trap) {
-    if (send_trap) {
-        if (!halt_loop || current_thread == thread) {
-            current_thread = thread;
-            SendSignal(thread, trap);
-        }
-        halt_loop = true;
-        send_trap = false;
+    if (!send_trap) {
+        return;
     }
+
+    if (!halt_loop || current_thread == thread) {
+        current_thread = thread;
+        SendSignal(thread, trap);
+    }
+    halt_loop = true;
+    send_trap = false;
 }
 }; // namespace GDBStub

src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/client_session.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/server_port.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/server_session.h"
 
 namespace IPC {
 

src/core/hle/kernel/client_session.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/server_session.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/session.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
+#include "core/hle/result.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 

src/core/hle/kernel/client_session.h

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
-#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
-#include "core/hle/result.h"
+
+union ResultCode;
 
 namespace Kernel {
 

src/core/hle/kernel/errors.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ namespace Kernel {
 // Confirmed Switch kernel error codes
 
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_MAX_CONNECTIONS_REACHED{ErrorModule::Kernel, 7};
+constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_CAPABILITY_DESCRIPTOR{ErrorModule::Kernel, 14};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_SIZE{ErrorModule::Kernel, 101};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS{ErrorModule::Kernel, 102};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_HANDLE_TABLE_FULL{ErrorModule::Kernel, 105};
@@ -27,9 +28,10 @@ constexpr ResultCode ERR_SYNCHRONIZATION_CANCELED{ErrorModule::Kernel, 118};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE{ErrorModule::Kernel, 119};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_ENUM_VALUE{ErrorModule::Kernel, 120};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_NOT_FOUND{ErrorModule::Kernel, 121};
-constexpr ResultCode ERR_ALREADY_REGISTERED{ErrorModule::Kernel, 122};
+constexpr ResultCode ERR_BUSY{ErrorModule::Kernel, 122};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_SESSION_CLOSED_BY_REMOTE{ErrorModule::Kernel, 123};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_STATE{ErrorModule::Kernel, 125};
+constexpr ResultCode ERR_RESERVED_VALUE{ErrorModule::Kernel, 126};
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_RESOURCE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED{ErrorModule::Kernel, 132};
 
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/event.cpp

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 Citra Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include "common/assert.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
-
-namespace Kernel {
-
-Event::Event(KernelCore& kernel) : WaitObject{kernel} {}
-Event::~Event() = default;
-
-SharedPtr<Event> Event::Create(KernelCore& kernel, ResetType reset_type, std::string name) {
-    SharedPtr<Event> evt(new Event(kernel));
-
-    evt->signaled = false;
-    evt->reset_type = reset_type;
-    evt->name = std::move(name);
-
-    return evt;
-}
-
-bool Event::ShouldWait(Thread* thread) const {
-    return !signaled;
-}
-
-void Event::Acquire(Thread* thread) {
-    ASSERT_MSG(!ShouldWait(thread), "object unavailable!");
-
-    if (reset_type == ResetType::OneShot)
-        signaled = false;
-}
-
-void Event::Signal() {
-    signaled = true;
-    WakeupAllWaitingThreads();
-}
-
-void Event::Clear() {
-    signaled = false;
-}
-
-void Event::WakeupAllWaitingThreads() {
-    WaitObject::WakeupAllWaitingThreads();
-
-    if (reset_type == ResetType::Pulse)
-        signaled = false;
-}
-
-} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/handle_table.cpp

@@ -12,12 +12,23 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
+namespace {
+constexpr u16 GetSlot(Handle handle) {
+    return handle >> 15;
+}
+
+constexpr u16 GetGeneration(Handle handle) {
+    return handle & 0x7FFF;
+}
+} // Anonymous namespace
 
 HandleTable::HandleTable() {
     next_generation = 1;
     Clear();
 }
 
+HandleTable::~HandleTable() = default;
+
 ResultVal<Handle> HandleTable::Create(SharedPtr<Object> obj) {
     DEBUG_ASSERT(obj != nullptr);
 
@@ -31,9 +42,10 @@ ResultVal<Handle> HandleTable::Create(SharedPtr<Object> obj) {
     u16 generation = next_generation++;
 
     // Overflow count so it fits in the 15 bits dedicated to the generation in the handle.
-    // CTR-OS doesn't use generation 0, so skip straight to 1.
-    if (next_generation >= (1 << 15))
+    // Horizon OS uses zero to represent an invalid handle, so skip to 1.
+    if (next_generation >= (1 << 15)) {
         next_generation = 1;
+    }
 
     generations[slot] = generation;
     objects[slot] = std::move(obj);

src/core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 namespace Kernel {
 
 enum KernelHandle : Handle {
+    InvalidHandle = 0,
     CurrentThread = 0xFFFF8000,
     CurrentProcess = 0xFFFF8001,
 };
@@ -42,7 +43,11 @@ enum KernelHandle : Handle {
  */
 class HandleTable final : NonCopyable {
 public:
+    /// This is the maximum limit of handles allowed per process in Horizon
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_COUNT = 1024;
+
     HandleTable();
+    ~HandleTable();
 
     /**
      * Allocates a handle for the given object.
@@ -89,19 +94,6 @@ public:
     void Clear();
 
 private:
-    /**
-     * This is the maximum limit of handles allowed per process in CTR-OS. It can be further
-     * reduced by ExHeader values, but this is not emulated here.
-     */
-    static const std::size_t MAX_COUNT = 4096;
-
-    static u16 GetSlot(Handle handle) {
-        return handle >> 15;
-    }
-    static u16 GetGeneration(Handle handle) {
-        return handle & 0x7FFF;
-    }
-
     /// Stores the Object referenced by the handle or null if the slot is empty.
     std::array<SharedPtr<Object>, MAX_COUNT> objects;
 

src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.cpp

@@ -15,17 +15,23 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/readable_event.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/server_session.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/writable_event.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+SessionRequestHandler::SessionRequestHandler() = default;
+
+SessionRequestHandler::~SessionRequestHandler() = default;
+
 void SessionRequestHandler::ClientConnected(SharedPtr<ServerSession> server_session) {
     server_session->SetHleHandler(shared_from_this());
     connected_sessions.push_back(std::move(server_session));
@@ -36,11 +42,9 @@ void SessionRequestHandler::ClientDisconnected(const SharedPtr<ServerSession>& s
     boost::range::remove_erase(connected_sessions, server_session);
 }
 
-SharedPtr<Event> HLERequestContext::SleepClientThread(SharedPtr<Thread> thread,
-                                                      const std::string& reason, u64 timeout,
-                                                      WakeupCallback&& callback,
-                                                      Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> event) {
-
+SharedPtr<WritableEvent> HLERequestContext::SleepClientThread(
+    SharedPtr<Thread> thread, const std::string& reason, u64 timeout, WakeupCallback&& callback,
+    SharedPtr<WritableEvent> writable_event) {
     // Put the client thread to sleep until the wait event is signaled or the timeout expires.
     thread->SetWakeupCallback([context = *this, callback](
                                   ThreadWakeupReason reason, SharedPtr<Thread> thread,
@@ -51,23 +55,25 @@ SharedPtr<Event> HLERequestContext::SleepClientThread(SharedPtr<Thread> thread,
         return true;
     });
 
-    if (!event) {
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    if (!writable_event) {
         // Create event if not provided
-        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
-        event =
-            Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "HLE Pause Event: " + reason);
+        const auto pair = WritableEvent::CreateEventPair(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot,
+                                                         "HLE Pause Event: " + reason);
+        writable_event = pair.writable;
     }
 
-    event->Clear();
+    const auto readable_event{writable_event->GetReadableEvent()};
+    writable_event->Clear();
     thread->SetStatus(ThreadStatus::WaitHLEEvent);
-    thread->SetWaitObjects({event});
-    event->AddWaitingThread(thread);
+    thread->SetWaitObjects({readable_event});
+    readable_event->AddWaitingThread(thread);
 
     if (timeout > 0) {
         thread->WakeAfterDelay(timeout);
     }
 
-    return event;
+    return writable_event;
 }
 
 HLERequestContext::HLERequestContext(SharedPtr<Kernel::ServerSession> server_session)

src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
 #include "common/swap.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/server_session.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
 
 namespace Service {
 class ServiceFrameworkBase;
@@ -24,10 +22,15 @@ class ServiceFrameworkBase;
 namespace Kernel {
 
 class Domain;
-class Event;
 class HandleTable;
 class HLERequestContext;
 class Process;
+class ServerSession;
+class Thread;
+class ReadableEvent;
+class WritableEvent;
+
+enum class ThreadWakeupReason;
 
 /**
  * Interface implemented by HLE Session handlers.
@@ -36,7 +39,8 @@ class Process;
  */
 class SessionRequestHandler : public std::enable_shared_from_this<SessionRequestHandler> {
 public:
-    virtual ~SessionRequestHandler() = default;
+    SessionRequestHandler();
+    virtual ~SessionRequestHandler();
 
     /**
      * Handles a sync request from the emulated application.
@@ -119,12 +123,13 @@ public:
      * @param callback Callback to be invoked when the thread is resumed. This callback must write
      * the entire command response once again, regardless of the state of it before this function
      * was called.
-     * @param event Event to use to wake up the thread. If unspecified, an event will be created.
+     * @param writable_event Event to use to wake up the thread. If unspecified, an event will be
+     * created.
      * @returns Event that when signaled will resume the thread and call the callback function.
      */
-    SharedPtr<Event> SleepClientThread(SharedPtr<Thread> thread, const std::string& reason,
-                                       u64 timeout, WakeupCallback&& callback,
-                                       Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> event = nullptr);
+    SharedPtr<WritableEvent> SleepClientThread(SharedPtr<Thread> thread, const std::string& reason,
+                                               u64 timeout, WakeupCallback&& callback,
+                                               SharedPtr<WritableEvent> writable_event = nullptr);
 
     /// Populates this context with data from the requesting process/thread.
     ResultCode PopulateFromIncomingCommandBuffer(const HandleTable& handle_table,

src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <array>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
 
     void Shutdown() {
         next_object_id = 0;
-        next_process_id = 10;
+        next_process_id = Process::ProcessIDMin;
         next_thread_id = 1;
 
         process_list.clear();
@@ -153,10 +152,8 @@ struct KernelCore::Impl {
     }
 
     std::atomic<u32> next_object_id{0};
-    // TODO(Subv): Start the process ids from 10 for now, as lower PIDs are
-    // reserved for low-level services
-    std::atomic<u32> next_process_id{10};
-    std::atomic<u32> next_thread_id{1};
+    std::atomic<u64> next_process_id{Process::ProcessIDMin};
+    std::atomic<u64> next_thread_id{1};
 
     // Lists all processes that exist in the current session.
     std::vector<SharedPtr<Process>> process_list;
@@ -242,11 +239,11 @@ u32 KernelCore::CreateNewObjectID() {
     return impl->next_object_id++;
 }
 
-u32 KernelCore::CreateNewThreadID() {
+u64 KernelCore::CreateNewThreadID() {
     return impl->next_thread_id++;
 }
 
-u32 KernelCore::CreateNewProcessID() {
+u64 KernelCore::CreateNewProcessID() {
     return impl->next_process_id++;
 }
 

src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h

@@ -88,10 +88,10 @@ private:
     u32 CreateNewObjectID();
 
     /// Creates a new process ID, incrementing the internal process ID counter;
-    u32 CreateNewProcessID();
+    u64 CreateNewProcessID();
 
     /// Creates a new thread ID, incrementing the internal thread ID counter.
-    u32 CreateNewThreadID();
+    u64 CreateNewThreadID();
 
     /// Creates a timer callback handle for the given timer.
     ResultVal<Handle> CreateTimerCallbackHandle(const SharedPtr<Timer>& timer);

src/core/hle/kernel/object.cpp

@@ -13,16 +13,17 @@ Object::~Object() = default;
 
 bool Object::IsWaitable() const {
     switch (GetHandleType()) {
-    case HandleType::Event:
+    case HandleType::ReadableEvent:
     case HandleType::Thread:
+    case HandleType::Process:
     case HandleType::Timer:
     case HandleType::ServerPort:
     case HandleType::ServerSession:
         return true;
 
     case HandleType::Unknown:
+    case HandleType::WritableEvent:
     case HandleType::SharedMemory:
-    case HandleType::Process:
     case HandleType::AddressArbiter:
     case HandleType::ResourceLimit:
     case HandleType::ClientPort:
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ bool Object::IsWaitable() const {
     }
 
     UNREACHABLE();
+    return false;
 }
 
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/object.h

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ using Handle = u32;
 
 enum class HandleType : u32 {
     Unknown,
-    Event,
+    WritableEvent,
+    ReadableEvent,
     SharedMemory,
     Thread,
     Process,
@@ -33,9 +34,8 @@ enum class HandleType : u32 {
 };
 
 enum class ResetType {
-    OneShot,
-    Sticky,
-    Pulse,
+    OneShot, ///< Reset automatically on object acquisition
+    Sticky,  ///< Never reset automatically
 };
 
 class Object : NonCopyable {

src/core/hle/kernel/process.cpp

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
+#include <random>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/program_metadata.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/errors.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/resource_limit.h"
@@ -18,6 +20,35 @@
 #include "core/settings.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
+namespace {
+/**
+ * Sets up the primary application thread
+ *
+ * @param owner_process The parent process for the main thread
+ * @param kernel The kernel instance to create the main thread under.
+ * @param entry_point The address at which the thread should start execution
+ * @param priority The priority to give the main thread
+ */
+void SetupMainThread(Process& owner_process, KernelCore& kernel, VAddr entry_point, u32 priority) {
+    // Setup page table so we can write to memory
+    SetCurrentPageTable(&owner_process.VMManager().page_table);
+
+    // Initialize new "main" thread
+    const VAddr stack_top = owner_process.VMManager().GetTLSIORegionEndAddress();
+    auto thread_res = Thread::Create(kernel, "main", entry_point, priority, 0,
+                                     owner_process.GetIdealCore(), stack_top, owner_process);
+
+    SharedPtr<Thread> thread = std::move(thread_res).Unwrap();
+
+    // Register 1 must be a handle to the main thread
+    const Handle guest_handle = owner_process.GetHandleTable().Create(thread).Unwrap();
+    thread->SetGuestHandle(guest_handle);
+    thread->GetContext().cpu_registers[1] = guest_handle;
+
+    // Threads by default are dormant, wake up the main thread so it runs when the scheduler fires
+    thread->ResumeFromWait();
+}
+} // Anonymous namespace
 
 CodeSet::CodeSet() = default;
 CodeSet::~CodeSet() = default;
@@ -26,13 +57,11 @@ SharedPtr<Process> Process::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string&& name) {
     SharedPtr<Process> process(new Process(kernel));
 
     process->name = std::move(name);
-    process->flags.raw = 0;
-    process->flags.memory_region.Assign(MemoryRegion::APPLICATION);
     process->resource_limit = kernel.GetSystemResourceLimit();
     process->status = ProcessStatus::Created;
     process->program_id = 0;
     process->process_id = kernel.CreateNewProcessID();
-    process->svc_access_mask.set();
+    process->capabilities.InitializeForMetadatalessProcess();
 
     std::mt19937 rng(Settings::values.rng_seed.value_or(0));
     std::uniform_int_distribution<u64> distribution;
@@ -43,82 +72,34 @@ SharedPtr<Process> Process::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string&& name) {
     return process;
 }
 
-void Process::LoadFromMetadata(const FileSys::ProgramMetadata& metadata) {
-    program_id = metadata.GetTitleID();
-    is_64bit_process = metadata.Is64BitProgram();
-    vm_manager.Reset(metadata.GetAddressSpaceType());
+SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> Process::GetResourceLimit() const {
+    return resource_limit;
 }
 
-void Process::ParseKernelCaps(const u32* kernel_caps, std::size_t len) {
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-        u32 descriptor = kernel_caps[i];
-        u32 type = descriptor >> 20;
-
-        if (descriptor == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
-            // Unused descriptor entry
-            continue;
-        } else if ((type & 0xF00) == 0xE00) { // 0x0FFF
-            // Allowed interrupts list
-            LOG_WARNING(Loader, "ExHeader allowed interrupts list ignored");
-        } else if ((type & 0xF80) == 0xF00) { // 0x07FF
-            // Allowed syscalls mask
-            unsigned int index = ((descriptor >> 24) & 7) * 24;
-            u32 bits = descriptor & 0xFFFFFF;
-
-            while (bits && index < svc_access_mask.size()) {
-                svc_access_mask.set(index, bits & 1);
-                ++index;
-                bits >>= 1;
-            }
-        } else if ((type & 0xFF0) == 0xFE0) { // 0x00FF
-            // Handle table size
-            handle_table_size = descriptor & 0x3FF;
-        } else if ((type & 0xFF8) == 0xFF0) { // 0x007F
-            // Misc. flags
-            flags.raw = descriptor & 0xFFFF;
-        } else if ((type & 0xFFE) == 0xFF8) { // 0x001F
-            // Mapped memory range
-            if (i + 1 >= len || ((kernel_caps[i + 1] >> 20) & 0xFFE) != 0xFF8) {
-                LOG_WARNING(Loader, "Incomplete exheader memory range descriptor ignored.");
-                continue;
-            }
-            u32 end_desc = kernel_caps[i + 1];
-            ++i; // Skip over the second descriptor on the next iteration
-
-            AddressMapping mapping;
-            mapping.address = descriptor << 12;
-            VAddr end_address = end_desc << 12;
-
-            if (mapping.address < end_address) {
-                mapping.size = end_address - mapping.address;
-            } else {
-                mapping.size = 0;
-            }
-
-            mapping.read_only = (descriptor & (1 << 20)) != 0;
-            mapping.unk_flag = (end_desc & (1 << 20)) != 0;
-
-            address_mappings.push_back(mapping);
-        } else if ((type & 0xFFF) == 0xFFE) { // 0x000F
-            // Mapped memory page
-            AddressMapping mapping;
-            mapping.address = descriptor << 12;
-            mapping.size = Memory::PAGE_SIZE;
-            mapping.read_only = false;
-            mapping.unk_flag = false;
-
-            address_mappings.push_back(mapping);
-        } else if ((type & 0xFE0) == 0xFC0) { // 0x01FF
-            // Kernel version
-            kernel_version = descriptor & 0xFFFF;
-
-            int minor = kernel_version & 0xFF;
-            int major = (kernel_version >> 8) & 0xFF;
-            LOG_INFO(Loader, "ExHeader kernel version: {}.{}", major, minor);
-        } else {
-            LOG_ERROR(Loader, "Unhandled kernel caps descriptor: 0x{:08X}", descriptor);
-        }
+ResultCode Process::ClearSignalState() {
+    if (status == ProcessStatus::Exited) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Kernel, "called on a terminated process instance.");
+        return ERR_INVALID_STATE;
     }
+
+    if (!is_signaled) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Kernel, "called on a process instance that isn't signaled.");
+        return ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+    }
+
+    is_signaled = false;
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode Process::LoadFromMetadata(const FileSys::ProgramMetadata& metadata) {
+    program_id = metadata.GetTitleID();
+    ideal_core = metadata.GetMainThreadCore();
+    is_64bit_process = metadata.Is64BitProgram();
+
+    vm_manager.Reset(metadata.GetAddressSpaceType());
+
+    const auto& caps = metadata.GetKernelCapabilities();
+    return capabilities.InitializeForUserProcess(caps.data(), caps.size(), vm_manager);
 }
 
 void Process::Run(VAddr entry_point, s32 main_thread_priority, u32 stack_size) {
@@ -128,17 +109,17 @@ void Process::Run(VAddr entry_point, s32 main_thread_priority, u32 stack_size) {
     vm_manager
         .MapMemoryBlock(vm_manager.GetTLSIORegionEndAddress() - stack_size,
                         std::make_shared<std::vector<u8>>(stack_size, 0), 0, stack_size,
-                        MemoryState::Mapped)
+                        MemoryState::Stack)
         .Unwrap();
 
     vm_manager.LogLayout();
-    status = ProcessStatus::Running;
+    ChangeStatus(ProcessStatus::Running);
 
-    Kernel::SetupMainThread(kernel, entry_point, main_thread_priority, *this);
+    SetupMainThread(*this, kernel, entry_point, main_thread_priority);
 }
 
 void Process::PrepareForTermination() {
-    status = ProcessStatus::Exited;
+    ChangeStatus(ProcessStatus::Exiting);
 
     const auto stop_threads = [this](const std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>>& thread_list) {
         for (auto& thread : thread_list) {
@@ -162,6 +143,8 @@ void Process::PrepareForTermination() {
     stop_threads(system.Scheduler(1).GetThreadList());
     stop_threads(system.Scheduler(2).GetThreadList());
     stop_threads(system.Scheduler(3).GetThreadList());
+
+    ChangeStatus(ProcessStatus::Exited);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -244,23 +227,25 @@ void Process::LoadModule(CodeSet module_, VAddr base_addr) {
     Core::System::GetInstance().ArmInterface(3).ClearInstructionCache();
 }
 
-ResultVal<VAddr> Process::HeapAllocate(VAddr target, u64 size, VMAPermission perms) {
-    return vm_manager.HeapAllocate(target, size, perms);
-}
-
-ResultCode Process::HeapFree(VAddr target, u32 size) {
-    return vm_manager.HeapFree(target, size);
-}
-
-ResultCode Process::MirrorMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr src_addr, u64 size, MemoryState state) {
-    return vm_manager.MirrorMemory(dst_addr, src_addr, size, state);
-}
-
-ResultCode Process::UnmapMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr /*src_addr*/, u64 size) {
-    return vm_manager.UnmapRange(dst_addr, size);
-}
-
-Kernel::Process::Process(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
+Kernel::Process::Process(KernelCore& kernel) : WaitObject{kernel} {}
 Kernel::Process::~Process() {}
 
+void Process::Acquire(Thread* thread) {
+    ASSERT_MSG(!ShouldWait(thread), "Object unavailable!");
+}
+
+bool Process::ShouldWait(Thread* thread) const {
+    return !is_signaled;
+}
+
+void Process::ChangeStatus(ProcessStatus new_status) {
+    if (status == new_status) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    status = new_status;
+    is_signaled = true;
+    WakeupAllWaitingThreads();
+}
+
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/process.h

@@ -8,16 +8,15 @@
 #include <bitset>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <memory>
-#include <random>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <boost/container/static_vector.hpp>
-#include "common/bit_field.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/process_capability.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/wait_object.h"
+#include "core/hle/result.h"
 
 namespace FileSys {
 class ProgramMetadata;
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ namespace Kernel {
 
 class KernelCore;
 class ResourceLimit;
+class Thread;
 
 struct AddressMapping {
     // Address and size must be page-aligned
@@ -42,24 +42,6 @@ enum class MemoryRegion : u16 {
     BASE = 3,
 };
 
-union ProcessFlags {
-    u16 raw;
-
-    BitField<0, 1, u16>
-        allow_debug; ///< Allows other processes to attach to and debug this process.
-    BitField<1, 1, u16> force_debug; ///< Allows this process to attach to processes even if they
-                                     /// don't have allow_debug set.
-    BitField<2, 1, u16> allow_nonalphanum;
-    BitField<3, 1, u16> shared_page_writable; ///< Shared page is mapped with write permissions.
-    BitField<4, 1, u16> privileged_priority;  ///< Can use priority levels higher than 24.
-    BitField<5, 1, u16> allow_main_args;
-    BitField<6, 1, u16> shared_device_mem;
-    BitField<7, 1, u16> runnable_on_sleep;
-    BitField<8, 4, MemoryRegion>
-        memory_region;                ///< Default region for memory allocations for this process
-    BitField<12, 1, u16> loaded_high; ///< Application loaded high (not at 0x00100000).
-};
-
 /**
  * Indicates the status of a Process instance.
  *
@@ -118,8 +100,20 @@ struct CodeSet final {
     VAddr entrypoint = 0;
 };
 
-class Process final : public Object {
+class Process final : public WaitObject {
 public:
+    enum : u64 {
+        /// Lowest allowed process ID for a kernel initial process.
+        InitialKIPIDMin = 1,
+        /// Highest allowed process ID for a kernel initial process.
+        InitialKIPIDMax = 80,
+
+        /// Lowest allowed process ID for a userland process.
+        ProcessIDMin = 81,
+        /// Highest allowed process ID for a userland process.
+        ProcessIDMax = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF,
+    };
+
     static constexpr std::size_t RANDOM_ENTROPY_SIZE = 4;
 
     static SharedPtr<Process> Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string&& name);
@@ -162,7 +156,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     /// Gets the unique ID that identifies this particular process.
-    u32 GetProcessID() const {
+    u64 GetProcessID() const {
         return process_id;
     }
 
@@ -172,28 +166,21 @@ public:
     }
 
     /// Gets the resource limit descriptor for this process
-    ResourceLimit& GetResourceLimit() {
-        return *resource_limit;
+    SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> GetResourceLimit() const;
+
+    /// Gets the ideal CPU core ID for this process
+    u8 GetIdealCore() const {
+        return ideal_core;
     }
 
-    /// Gets the resource limit descriptor for this process
-    const ResourceLimit& GetResourceLimit() const {
-        return *resource_limit;
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the default CPU ID for this process
-    u8 GetDefaultProcessorID() const {
-        return ideal_processor;
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the bitmask of allowed CPUs that this process' threads can run on.
-    u32 GetAllowedProcessorMask() const {
-        return allowed_processor_mask;
+    /// Gets the bitmask of allowed cores that this process' threads can run on.
+    u64 GetCoreMask() const {
+        return capabilities.GetCoreMask();
     }
 
     /// Gets the bitmask of allowed thread priorities.
-    u32 GetAllowedThreadPriorityMask() const {
-        return allowed_thread_priority_mask;
+    u64 GetPriorityMask() const {
+        return capabilities.GetPriorityMask();
     }
 
     u32 IsVirtualMemoryEnabled() const {
@@ -220,19 +207,26 @@ public:
         return random_entropy.at(index);
     }
 
+    /// Clears the signaled state of the process if and only if it's signaled.
+    ///
+    /// @pre The process must not be already terminated. If this is called on a
+    ///      terminated process, then ERR_INVALID_STATE will be returned.
+    ///
+    /// @pre The process must be in a signaled state. If this is called on a
+    ///      process instance that is not signaled, ERR_INVALID_STATE will be
+    ///      returned.
+    ResultCode ClearSignalState();
+
     /**
      * Loads process-specifics configuration info with metadata provided
      * by an executable.
      *
-     * @param metadata The provided metadata to load process specific info.
+     * @param metadata The provided metadata to load process specific info from.
+     *
+     * @returns RESULT_SUCCESS if all relevant metadata was able to be
+     *          loaded and parsed. Otherwise, an error code is returned.
      */
-    void LoadFromMetadata(const FileSys::ProgramMetadata& metadata);
-
-    /**
-     * Parses a list of kernel capability descriptors (as found in the ExHeader) and applies them
-     * to this process.
-     */
-    void ParseKernelCaps(const u32* kernel_caps, std::size_t len);
+    ResultCode LoadFromMetadata(const FileSys::ProgramMetadata& metadata);
 
     /**
      * Applies address space changes and launches the process main thread.
@@ -248,7 +242,7 @@ public:
     void LoadModule(CodeSet module_, VAddr base_addr);
 
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-    // Memory Management
+    // Thread-local storage management
 
     // Marks the next available region as used and returns the address of the slot.
     VAddr MarkNextAvailableTLSSlotAsUsed(Thread& thread);
@@ -256,18 +250,21 @@ public:
     // Frees a used TLS slot identified by the given address
     void FreeTLSSlot(VAddr tls_address);
 
-    ResultVal<VAddr> HeapAllocate(VAddr target, u64 size, VMAPermission perms);
-    ResultCode HeapFree(VAddr target, u32 size);
-
-    ResultCode MirrorMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr src_addr, u64 size,
-                            MemoryState state = MemoryState::Mapped);
-
-    ResultCode UnmapMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr src_addr, u64 size);
-
 private:
     explicit Process(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~Process() override;
 
+    /// Checks if the specified thread should wait until this process is available.
+    bool ShouldWait(Thread* thread) const override;
+
+    /// Acquires/locks this process for the specified thread if it's available.
+    void Acquire(Thread* thread) override;
+
+    /// Changes the process status. If the status is different
+    /// from the current process status, then this will trigger
+    /// a process signal.
+    void ChangeStatus(ProcessStatus new_status);
+
     /// Memory manager for this process.
     Kernel::VMManager vm_manager;
 
@@ -275,30 +272,16 @@ private:
     ProcessStatus status;
 
     /// The ID of this process
-    u32 process_id = 0;
+    u64 process_id = 0;
 
     /// Title ID corresponding to the process
-    u64 program_id;
+    u64 program_id = 0;
 
     /// Resource limit descriptor for this process
     SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> resource_limit;
 
-    /// The process may only call SVCs which have the corresponding bit set.
-    std::bitset<0x80> svc_access_mask;
-    /// Maximum size of the handle table for the process.
-    u32 handle_table_size = 0x200;
-    /// Special memory ranges mapped into this processes address space. This is used to give
-    /// processes access to specific I/O regions and device memory.
-    boost::container::static_vector<AddressMapping, 8> address_mappings;
-    ProcessFlags flags;
-    /// Kernel compatibility version for this process
-    u16 kernel_version = 0;
-    /// The default CPU for this process, threads are scheduled on this cpu by default.
-    u8 ideal_processor = 0;
-    /// Bitmask of allowed CPUs that this process' threads can run on. TODO(Subv): Actually parse
-    /// this value from the process header.
-    u32 allowed_processor_mask = THREADPROCESSORID_DEFAULT_MASK;
-    u32 allowed_thread_priority_mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    /// The ideal CPU core for this process, threads are scheduled on this core by default.
+    u8 ideal_core = 0;
     u32 is_virtual_address_memory_enabled = 0;
 
     /// The Thread Local Storage area is allocated as processes create threads,
@@ -308,11 +291,18 @@ private:
     /// This vector will grow as more pages are allocated for new threads.
     std::vector<std::bitset<8>> tls_slots;
 
+    /// Contains the parsed process capability descriptors.
+    ProcessCapabilities capabilities;
+
     /// Whether or not this process is AArch64, or AArch32.
     /// By default, we currently assume this is true, unless otherwise
     /// specified by metadata provided to the process during loading.
     bool is_64bit_process = true;
 
+    /// Whether or not this process is signaled. This occurs
+    /// upon the process changing to a different state.
+    bool is_signaled = false;
+
     /// Total running time for the process in ticks.
     u64 total_process_running_time_ticks = 0;
 

src/core/hle/kernel/process_capability.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "common/bit_util.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/errors.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/process_capability.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h"
+
+namespace Kernel {
+namespace {
+
+// clang-format off
+
+// Shift offsets for kernel capability types.
+enum : u32 {
+    CapabilityOffset_PriorityAndCoreNum = 3,
+    CapabilityOffset_Syscall            = 4,
+    CapabilityOffset_MapPhysical        = 6,
+    CapabilityOffset_MapIO              = 7,
+    CapabilityOffset_Interrupt          = 11,
+    CapabilityOffset_ProgramType        = 13,
+    CapabilityOffset_KernelVersion      = 14,
+    CapabilityOffset_HandleTableSize    = 15,
+    CapabilityOffset_Debug              = 16,
+};
+
+// Combined mask of all parameters that may be initialized only once.
+constexpr u32 InitializeOnceMask = (1U << CapabilityOffset_PriorityAndCoreNum) |
+                                   (1U << CapabilityOffset_ProgramType) |
+                                   (1U << CapabilityOffset_KernelVersion) |
+                                   (1U << CapabilityOffset_HandleTableSize) |
+                                   (1U << CapabilityOffset_Debug);
+
+// Packed kernel version indicating 10.4.0
+constexpr u32 PackedKernelVersion = 0x520000;
+
+// Indicates possible types of capabilities that can be specified.
+enum class CapabilityType : u32 {
+    Unset              = 0U,
+    PriorityAndCoreNum = (1U << CapabilityOffset_PriorityAndCoreNum) - 1,
+    Syscall            = (1U << CapabilityOffset_Syscall) - 1,
+    MapPhysical        = (1U << CapabilityOffset_MapPhysical) - 1,
+    MapIO              = (1U << CapabilityOffset_MapIO) - 1,
+    Interrupt          = (1U << CapabilityOffset_Interrupt) - 1,
+    ProgramType        = (1U << CapabilityOffset_ProgramType) - 1,
+    KernelVersion      = (1U << CapabilityOffset_KernelVersion) - 1,
+    HandleTableSize    = (1U << CapabilityOffset_HandleTableSize) - 1,
+    Debug              = (1U << CapabilityOffset_Debug) - 1,
+    Ignorable          = 0xFFFFFFFFU,
+};
+
+// clang-format on
+
+constexpr CapabilityType GetCapabilityType(u32 value) {
+    return static_cast<CapabilityType>((~value & (value + 1)) - 1);
+}
+
+u32 GetFlagBitOffset(CapabilityType type) {
+    const auto value = static_cast<u32>(type);
+    return static_cast<u32>(Common::BitSize<u32>() - Common::CountLeadingZeroes32(value));
+}
+
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::InitializeForKernelProcess(const u32* capabilities,
+                                                           std::size_t num_capabilities,
+                                                           VMManager& vm_manager) {
+    Clear();
+
+    // Allow all cores and priorities.
+    core_mask = 0xF;
+    priority_mask = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+    kernel_version = PackedKernelVersion;
+
+    return ParseCapabilities(capabilities, num_capabilities, vm_manager);
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::InitializeForUserProcess(const u32* capabilities,
+                                                         std::size_t num_capabilities,
+                                                         VMManager& vm_manager) {
+    Clear();
+
+    return ParseCapabilities(capabilities, num_capabilities, vm_manager);
+}
+
+void ProcessCapabilities::InitializeForMetadatalessProcess() {
+    // Allow all cores and priorities
+    core_mask = 0xF;
+    priority_mask = 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
+    kernel_version = PackedKernelVersion;
+
+    // Allow all system calls and interrupts.
+    svc_capabilities.set();
+    interrupt_capabilities.set();
+
+    // Allow using the maximum possible amount of handles
+    handle_table_size = static_cast<u32>(HandleTable::MAX_COUNT);
+
+    // Allow all debugging capabilities.
+    is_debuggable = true;
+    can_force_debug = true;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::ParseCapabilities(const u32* capabilities,
+                                                  std::size_t num_capabilities,
+                                                  VMManager& vm_manager) {
+    u32 set_flags = 0;
+    u32 set_svc_bits = 0;
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < num_capabilities; ++i) {
+        const u32 descriptor = capabilities[i];
+        const auto type = GetCapabilityType(descriptor);
+
+        if (type == CapabilityType::MapPhysical) {
+            i++;
+
+            // The MapPhysical type uses two descriptor flags for its parameters.
+            // If there's only one, then there's a problem.
+            if (i >= num_capabilities) {
+                return ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION;
+            }
+
+            const auto size_flags = capabilities[i];
+            if (GetCapabilityType(size_flags) != CapabilityType::MapPhysical) {
+                return ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION;
+            }
+
+            const auto result = HandleMapPhysicalFlags(descriptor, size_flags, vm_manager);
+            if (result.IsError()) {
+                return result;
+            }
+        } else {
+            const auto result =
+                ParseSingleFlagCapability(set_flags, set_svc_bits, descriptor, vm_manager);
+            if (result.IsError()) {
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::ParseSingleFlagCapability(u32& set_flags, u32& set_svc_bits,
+                                                          u32 flag, VMManager& vm_manager) {
+    const auto type = GetCapabilityType(flag);
+
+    if (type == CapabilityType::Unset) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_CAPABILITY_DESCRIPTOR;
+    }
+
+    // Bail early on ignorable entries, as one would expect,
+    // ignorable descriptors can be ignored.
+    if (type == CapabilityType::Ignorable) {
+        return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that the give flag hasn't already been initialized before.
+    // If it has been, then bail.
+    const u32 flag_length = GetFlagBitOffset(type);
+    const u32 set_flag = 1U << flag_length;
+    if ((set_flag & set_flags & InitializeOnceMask) != 0) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION;
+    }
+    set_flags |= set_flag;
+
+    switch (type) {
+    case CapabilityType::PriorityAndCoreNum:
+        return HandlePriorityCoreNumFlags(flag);
+    case CapabilityType::Syscall:
+        return HandleSyscallFlags(set_svc_bits, flag);
+    case CapabilityType::MapIO:
+        return HandleMapIOFlags(flag, vm_manager);
+    case CapabilityType::Interrupt:
+        return HandleInterruptFlags(flag);
+    case CapabilityType::ProgramType:
+        return HandleProgramTypeFlags(flag);
+    case CapabilityType::KernelVersion:
+        return HandleKernelVersionFlags(flag);
+    case CapabilityType::HandleTableSize:
+        return HandleHandleTableFlags(flag);
+    case CapabilityType::Debug:
+        return HandleDebugFlags(flag);
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return ERR_INVALID_CAPABILITY_DESCRIPTOR;
+}
+
+void ProcessCapabilities::Clear() {
+    svc_capabilities.reset();
+    interrupt_capabilities.reset();
+
+    core_mask = 0;
+    priority_mask = 0;
+
+    handle_table_size = 0;
+    kernel_version = 0;
+
+    program_type = ProgramType::SysModule;
+
+    is_debuggable = false;
+    can_force_debug = false;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandlePriorityCoreNumFlags(u32 flags) {
+    if (priority_mask != 0 || core_mask != 0) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_CAPABILITY_DESCRIPTOR;
+    }
+
+    const u32 core_num_min = (flags >> 16) & 0xFF;
+    const u32 core_num_max = (flags >> 24) & 0xFF;
+    if (core_num_min > core_num_max) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION;
+    }
+
+    const u32 priority_min = (flags >> 10) & 0x3F;
+    const u32 priority_max = (flags >> 4) & 0x3F;
+    if (priority_min > priority_max) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION;
+    }
+
+    // The switch only has 4 usable cores.
+    if (core_num_max >= 4) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_PROCESSOR_ID;
+    }
+
+    const auto make_mask = [](u64 min, u64 max) {
+        const u64 range = max - min + 1;
+        const u64 mask = (1ULL << range) - 1;
+
+        return mask << min;
+    };
+
+    core_mask = make_mask(core_num_min, core_num_max);
+    priority_mask = make_mask(priority_min, priority_max);
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandleSyscallFlags(u32& set_svc_bits, u32 flags) {
+    const u32 index = flags >> 29;
+    const u32 svc_bit = 1U << index;
+
+    // If we've already set this svc before, bail.
+    if ((set_svc_bits & svc_bit) != 0) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION;
+    }
+    set_svc_bits |= svc_bit;
+
+    const u32 svc_mask = (flags >> 5) & 0xFFFFFF;
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < 24; ++i) {
+        const u32 svc_number = index * 24 + i;
+
+        if ((svc_mask & (1U << i)) == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (svc_number >= svc_capabilities.size()) {
+            return ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE;
+        }
+
+        svc_capabilities[svc_number] = true;
+    }
+
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandleMapPhysicalFlags(u32 flags, u32 size_flags,
+                                                       VMManager& vm_manager) {
+    // TODO(Lioncache): Implement once the memory manager can handle this.
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandleMapIOFlags(u32 flags, VMManager& vm_manager) {
+    // TODO(Lioncache): Implement once the memory manager can handle this.
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandleInterruptFlags(u32 flags) {
+    constexpr u32 interrupt_ignore_value = 0x3FF;
+    const u32 interrupt0 = (flags >> 12) & 0x3FF;
+    const u32 interrupt1 = (flags >> 22) & 0x3FF;
+
+    for (u32 interrupt : {interrupt0, interrupt1}) {
+        if (interrupt == interrupt_ignore_value) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // NOTE:
+        // This should be checking a generic interrupt controller value
+        // as part of the calculation, however, given we don't currently
+        // emulate that, it's sufficient to mark every interrupt as defined.
+
+        if (interrupt >= interrupt_capabilities.size()) {
+            return ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE;
+        }
+
+        interrupt_capabilities[interrupt] = true;
+    }
+
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandleProgramTypeFlags(u32 flags) {
+    const u32 reserved = flags >> 17;
+    if (reserved != 0) {
+        return ERR_RESERVED_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    program_type = static_cast<ProgramType>((flags >> 14) & 0b111);
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandleKernelVersionFlags(u32 flags) {
+    // Yes, the internal member variable is checked in the actual kernel here.
+    // This might look odd for options that are only allowed to be initialized
+    // just once, however the kernel has a separate initialization function for
+    // kernel processes and userland processes. The kernel variant sets this
+    // member variable ahead of time.
+
+    const u32 major_version = kernel_version >> 19;
+
+    if (major_version != 0 || flags < 0x80000) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_CAPABILITY_DESCRIPTOR;
+    }
+
+    kernel_version = flags;
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandleHandleTableFlags(u32 flags) {
+    const u32 reserved = flags >> 26;
+    if (reserved != 0) {
+        return ERR_RESERVED_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    handle_table_size = (flags >> 16) & 0x3FF;
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ResultCode ProcessCapabilities::HandleDebugFlags(u32 flags) {
+    const u32 reserved = flags >> 19;
+    if (reserved != 0) {
+        return ERR_RESERVED_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    is_debuggable = (flags & 0x20000) != 0;
+    can_force_debug = (flags & 0x40000) != 0;
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/process_capability.h

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <bitset>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+union ResultCode;
+
+namespace Kernel {
+
+class VMManager;
+
+/// The possible types of programs that may be indicated
+/// by the program type capability descriptor.
+enum class ProgramType {
+    SysModule,
+    Application,
+    Applet,
+};
+
+/// Handles kernel capability descriptors that are provided by
+/// application metadata. These descriptors provide information
+/// that alters certain parameters for kernel process instance
+/// that will run said application (or applet).
+///
+/// Capabilities are a sequence of flag descriptors, that indicate various
+/// configurations and constraints for a particular process.
+///
+/// Flag types are indicated by a sequence of set low bits. E.g. the
+/// types are indicated with the low bits as follows (where x indicates "don't care"):
+///
+/// - Priority and core mask   : 0bxxxxxxxxxxxx0111
+/// - Allowed service call mask: 0bxxxxxxxxxxx01111
+/// - Map physical memory      : 0bxxxxxxxxx0111111
+/// - Map IO memory            : 0bxxxxxxxx01111111
+/// - Interrupts               : 0bxxxx011111111111
+/// - Application type         : 0bxx01111111111111
+/// - Kernel version           : 0bx011111111111111
+/// - Handle table size        : 0b0111111111111111
+/// - Debugger flags           : 0b1111111111111111
+///
+/// These are essentially a bit offset subtracted by 1 to create a mask.
+/// e.g. The first entry in the above list is simply bit 3 (value 8 -> 0b1000)
+///      subtracted by one (7 -> 0b0111)
+///
+/// An example of a bit layout (using the map physical layout):
+/// <example>
+///   The MapPhysical type indicates a sequence entry pair of:
+///
+///   [initial, memory_flags], where:
+///
+///   initial:
+///     bits:
+///       7-24: Starting page to map memory at.
+///       25  : Indicates if the memory should be mapped as read only.
+///
+///   memory_flags:
+///     bits:
+///       7-20 : Number of pages to map
+///       21-25: Seems to be reserved (still checked against though)
+///       26   : Whether or not the memory being mapped is IO memory, or physical memory
+/// </example>
+///
+class ProcessCapabilities {
+public:
+    using InterruptCapabilities = std::bitset<1024>;
+    using SyscallCapabilities = std::bitset<128>;
+
+    ProcessCapabilities() = default;
+    ProcessCapabilities(const ProcessCapabilities&) = delete;
+    ProcessCapabilities(ProcessCapabilities&&) = default;
+
+    ProcessCapabilities& operator=(const ProcessCapabilities&) = delete;
+    ProcessCapabilities& operator=(ProcessCapabilities&&) = default;
+
+    /// Initializes this process capabilities instance for a kernel process.
+    ///
+    /// @param capabilities     The capabilities to parse
+    /// @param num_capabilities The number of capabilities to parse.
+    /// @param vm_manager       The memory manager to use for handling any mapping-related
+    ///                         operations (such as mapping IO memory, etc).
+    ///
+    /// @returns RESULT_SUCCESS if this capabilities instance was able to be initialized,
+    ///          otherwise, an error code upon failure.
+    ///
+    ResultCode InitializeForKernelProcess(const u32* capabilities, std::size_t num_capabilities,
+                                          VMManager& vm_manager);
+
+    /// Initializes this process capabilities instance for a userland process.
+    ///
+    /// @param capabilities     The capabilities to parse.
+    /// @param num_capabilities The total number of capabilities to parse.
+    /// @param vm_manager       The memory manager to use for handling any mapping-related
+    ///                         operations (such as mapping IO memory, etc).
+    ///
+    /// @returns RESULT_SUCCESS if this capabilities instance was able to be initialized,
+    ///          otherwise, an error code upon failure.
+    ///
+    ResultCode InitializeForUserProcess(const u32* capabilities, std::size_t num_capabilities,
+                                        VMManager& vm_manager);
+
+    /// Initializes this process capabilities instance for a process that does not
+    /// have any metadata to parse.
+    ///
+    /// This is necessary, as we allow running raw executables, and the internal
+    /// kernel process capabilities also determine what CPU cores the process is
+    /// allowed to run on, and what priorities are allowed for  threads. It also
+    /// determines the max handle table size, what the program type is, whether or
+    /// not the process can be debugged, or whether it's possible for a process to
+    /// forcibly debug another process.
+    ///
+    /// Given the above, this essentially enables all capabilities across the board
+    /// for the process. It allows the process to:
+    ///
+    /// - Run on any core
+    /// - Use any thread priority
+    /// - Use the maximum amount of handles a process is allowed to.
+    /// - Be debuggable
+    /// - Forcibly debug other processes.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this is not a behavior that the kernel allows a process to do via
+    /// a single function like this. This is yuzu-specific behavior to handle
+    /// executables with no capability descriptors whatsoever to derive behavior from.
+    /// It being yuzu-specific is why this is also not the default behavior and not
+    /// done by default in the constructor.
+    ///
+    void InitializeForMetadatalessProcess();
+
+    /// Gets the allowable core mask
+    u64 GetCoreMask() const {
+        return core_mask;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the allowable priority mask
+    u64 GetPriorityMask() const {
+        return priority_mask;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the SVC access permission bits
+    const SyscallCapabilities& GetServiceCapabilities() const {
+        return svc_capabilities;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the valid interrupt bits.
+    const InterruptCapabilities& GetInterruptCapabilities() const {
+        return interrupt_capabilities;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the program type for this process.
+    ProgramType GetProgramType() const {
+        return program_type;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the number of total allowable handles for the process' handle table.
+    u32 GetHandleTableSize() const {
+        return handle_table_size;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the kernel version value.
+    u32 GetKernelVersion() const {
+        return kernel_version;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether or not this process can be debugged.
+    bool IsDebuggable() const {
+        return is_debuggable;
+    }
+
+    /// Whether or not this process can forcibly debug another
+    /// process, even if that process is not considered debuggable.
+    bool CanForceDebug() const {
+        return can_force_debug;
+    }
+
+private:
+    /// Attempts to parse a given sequence of capability descriptors.
+    ///
+    /// @param capabilities     The sequence of capability descriptors to parse.
+    /// @param num_capabilities The number of descriptors within the given sequence.
+    /// @param vm_manager       The memory manager that will perform any memory
+    ///                         mapping if necessary.
+    ///
+    /// @return RESULT_SUCCESS if no errors occur, otherwise an error code.
+    ///
+    ResultCode ParseCapabilities(const u32* capabilities, std::size_t num_capabilities,
+                                 VMManager& vm_manager);
+
+    /// Attempts to parse a capability descriptor that is only represented by a
+    /// single flag set.
+    ///
+    /// @param set_flags    Running set of flags that are used to catch
+    ///                     flags being initialized more than once when they shouldn't be.
+    /// @param set_svc_bits Running set of bits representing the allowed supervisor calls mask.
+    /// @param flag         The flag to attempt to parse.
+    /// @param vm_manager   The memory manager that will perform any memory
+    ///                     mapping if necessary.
+    ///
+    /// @return RESULT_SUCCESS if no errors occurred, otherwise an error code.
+    ///
+    ResultCode ParseSingleFlagCapability(u32& set_flags, u32& set_svc_bits, u32 flag,
+                                         VMManager& vm_manager);
+
+    /// Clears the internal state of this process capability instance. Necessary,
+    /// to have a sane starting point due to us allowing running executables without
+    /// configuration metadata. We assume a process is not going to have metadata,
+    /// and if it turns out that the process does, in fact, have metadata, then
+    /// we attempt to parse it. Thus, we need this to reset data members back to
+    /// a good state.
+    ///
+    /// DO NOT ever make this a public member function. This isn't an invariant
+    /// anything external should depend upon (and if anything comes to rely on it,
+    /// you should immediately be questioning the design of that thing, not this
+    /// class. If the kernel itself can run without depending on behavior like that,
+    /// then so can yuzu).
+    ///
+    void Clear();
+
+    /// Handles flags related to the priority and core number capability flags.
+    ResultCode HandlePriorityCoreNumFlags(u32 flags);
+
+    /// Handles flags related to determining the allowable SVC mask.
+    ResultCode HandleSyscallFlags(u32& set_svc_bits, u32 flags);
+
+    /// Handles flags related to mapping physical memory pages.
+    ResultCode HandleMapPhysicalFlags(u32 flags, u32 size_flags, VMManager& vm_manager);
+
+    /// Handles flags related to mapping IO pages.
+    ResultCode HandleMapIOFlags(u32 flags, VMManager& vm_manager);
+
+    /// Handles flags related to the interrupt capability flags.
+    ResultCode HandleInterruptFlags(u32 flags);
+
+    /// Handles flags related to the program type.
+    ResultCode HandleProgramTypeFlags(u32 flags);
+
+    /// Handles flags related to the handle table size.
+    ResultCode HandleHandleTableFlags(u32 flags);
+
+    /// Handles flags related to the kernel version capability flags.
+    ResultCode HandleKernelVersionFlags(u32 flags);
+
+    /// Handles flags related to debug-specific capabilities.
+    ResultCode HandleDebugFlags(u32 flags);
+
+    SyscallCapabilities svc_capabilities;
+    InterruptCapabilities interrupt_capabilities;
+
+    u64 core_mask = 0;
+    u64 priority_mask = 0;
+
+    u32 handle_table_size = 0;
+    u32 kernel_version = 0;
+
+    ProgramType program_type = ProgramType::SysModule;
+
+    bool is_debuggable = false;
+    bool can_force_debug = false;
+};
+
+} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/readable_event.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2014 Citra Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/errors.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/readable_event.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
+
+namespace Kernel {
+
+ReadableEvent::ReadableEvent(KernelCore& kernel) : WaitObject{kernel} {}
+ReadableEvent::~ReadableEvent() = default;
+
+bool ReadableEvent::ShouldWait(Thread* thread) const {
+    return !signaled;
+}
+
+void ReadableEvent::Acquire(Thread* thread) {
+    ASSERT_MSG(!ShouldWait(thread), "object unavailable!");
+
+    if (reset_type == ResetType::OneShot)
+        signaled = false;
+}
+
+void ReadableEvent::Signal() {
+    signaled = true;
+    WakeupAllWaitingThreads();
+}
+
+void ReadableEvent::Clear() {
+    signaled = false;
+}
+
+ResultCode ReadableEvent::Reset() {
+    if (!signaled) {
+        return ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+    }
+
+    Clear();
+
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void ReadableEvent::WakeupAllWaitingThreads() {
+    WaitObject::WakeupAllWaitingThreads();
+}
+
+} // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/readable_event.h

@@ -4,56 +4,62 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/wait_object.h"
 
+union ResultCode;
+
 namespace Kernel {
 
 class KernelCore;
+class WritableEvent;
+
+class ReadableEvent final : public WaitObject {
+    friend class WritableEvent;
 
-class Event final : public WaitObject {
 public:
-    /**
-     * Creates an event
-     * @param kernel The kernel instance to create this event under.
-     * @param reset_type ResetType describing how to create event
-     * @param name Optional name of event
-     */
-    static SharedPtr<Event> Create(KernelCore& kernel, ResetType reset_type,
-                                   std::string name = "Unknown");
+    ~ReadableEvent() override;
 
     std::string GetTypeName() const override {
-        return "Event";
+        return "ReadableEvent";
     }
     std::string GetName() const override {
         return name;
     }
 
-    static const HandleType HANDLE_TYPE = HandleType::Event;
-    HandleType GetHandleType() const override {
-        return HANDLE_TYPE;
-    }
-
     ResetType GetResetType() const {
         return reset_type;
     }
 
+    static const HandleType HANDLE_TYPE = HandleType::ReadableEvent;
+    HandleType GetHandleType() const override {
+        return HANDLE_TYPE;
+    }
+
     bool ShouldWait(Thread* thread) const override;
     void Acquire(Thread* thread) override;
 
     void WakeupAllWaitingThreads() override;
 
-    void Signal();
+    /// Unconditionally clears the readable event's state.
     void Clear();
 
+    /// Clears the readable event's state if and only if it
+    /// has already been signaled.
+    ///
+    /// @pre The event must be in a signaled state. If this event
+    ///      is in an unsignaled state and this function is called,
+    ///      then ERR_INVALID_STATE will be returned.
+    ResultCode Reset();
+
 private:
-    explicit Event(KernelCore& kernel);
-    ~Event() override;
+    explicit ReadableEvent(KernelCore& kernel);
 
-    ResetType reset_type; ///< Current ResetType
+    void Signal();
+
+    ResetType reset_type;
+    bool signaled;
 
-    bool signaled;    ///< Whether the event has already been signaled
     std::string name; ///< Name of event (optional)
 };
 

src/core/hle/kernel/resource_limit.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ namespace Kernel {
 
 class KernelCore;
 
-enum class ResourceType {
+enum class ResourceType : u32 {
     PhysicalMemory,
     Threads,
     Events,
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ enum class ResourceType {
     ResourceTypeCount
 };
 
+constexpr bool IsValidResourceType(ResourceType type) {
+    return type < ResourceType::ResourceTypeCount;
+}
+
 class ResourceLimit final : public Object {
 public:
     /**

src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_cpu.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
@@ -179,4 +180,69 @@ void Scheduler::SetThreadPriority(Thread* thread, u32 priority) {
         ready_queue.prepare(priority);
 }
 
+Thread* Scheduler::GetNextSuggestedThread(u32 core, u32 maximum_priority) const {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(scheduler_mutex);
+
+    const u32 mask = 1U << core;
+    return ready_queue.get_first_filter([mask, maximum_priority](Thread const* thread) {
+        return (thread->GetAffinityMask() & mask) != 0 && thread->GetPriority() < maximum_priority;
+    });
+}
+
+void Scheduler::YieldWithoutLoadBalancing(Thread* thread) {
+    ASSERT(thread != nullptr);
+    // Avoid yielding if the thread isn't even running.
+    ASSERT(thread->GetStatus() == ThreadStatus::Running);
+
+    // Sanity check that the priority is valid
+    ASSERT(thread->GetPriority() < THREADPRIO_COUNT);
+
+    // Yield this thread -- sleep for zero time and force reschedule to different thread
+    WaitCurrentThread_Sleep();
+    GetCurrentThread()->WakeAfterDelay(0);
+}
+
+void Scheduler::YieldWithLoadBalancing(Thread* thread) {
+    ASSERT(thread != nullptr);
+    const auto priority = thread->GetPriority();
+    const auto core = static_cast<u32>(thread->GetProcessorID());
+
+    // Avoid yielding if the thread isn't even running.
+    ASSERT(thread->GetStatus() == ThreadStatus::Running);
+
+    // Sanity check that the priority is valid
+    ASSERT(priority < THREADPRIO_COUNT);
+
+    // Sleep for zero time to be able to force reschedule to different thread
+    WaitCurrentThread_Sleep();
+    GetCurrentThread()->WakeAfterDelay(0);
+
+    Thread* suggested_thread = nullptr;
+
+    // Search through all of the cpu cores (except this one) for a suggested thread.
+    // Take the first non-nullptr one
+    for (unsigned cur_core = 0; cur_core < Core::NUM_CPU_CORES; ++cur_core) {
+        const auto res =
+            Core::System::GetInstance().CpuCore(cur_core).Scheduler().GetNextSuggestedThread(
+                core, priority);
+
+        // If scheduler provides a suggested thread
+        if (res != nullptr) {
+            // And its better than the current suggested thread (or is the first valid one)
+            if (suggested_thread == nullptr ||
+                suggested_thread->GetPriority() > res->GetPriority()) {
+                suggested_thread = res;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If a suggested thread was found, queue that for this core
+    if (suggested_thread != nullptr)
+        suggested_thread->ChangeCore(core, suggested_thread->GetAffinityMask());
+}
+
+void Scheduler::YieldAndWaitForLoadBalancing(Thread* thread) {
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Wait for load balancing thread yield type is not implemented!");
+}
+
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h

@@ -51,6 +51,75 @@ public:
     /// Sets the priority of a thread in the scheduler
     void SetThreadPriority(Thread* thread, u32 priority);
 
+    /// Gets the next suggested thread for load balancing
+    Thread* GetNextSuggestedThread(u32 core, u32 minimum_priority) const;
+
+    /**
+     * YieldWithoutLoadBalancing -- analogous to normal yield on a system
+     * Moves the thread to the end of the ready queue for its priority, and then reschedules the
+     * system to the new head of the queue.
+     *
+     * Example (Single Core -- but can be extrapolated to multi):
+     * ready_queue[prio=0]: ThreadA, ThreadB, ThreadC (->exec order->)
+     * Currently Running: ThreadR
+     *
+     * ThreadR calls YieldWithoutLoadBalancing
+     *
+     * ThreadR is moved to the end of ready_queue[prio=0]:
+     * ready_queue[prio=0]: ThreadA, ThreadB, ThreadC, ThreadR (->exec order->)
+     * Currently Running: Nothing
+     *
+     * System is rescheduled (ThreadA is popped off of queue):
+     * ready_queue[prio=0]: ThreadB, ThreadC, ThreadR (->exec order->)
+     * Currently Running: ThreadA
+     *
+     * If the queue is empty at time of call, no yielding occurs. This does not cross between cores
+     * or priorities at all.
+     */
+    void YieldWithoutLoadBalancing(Thread* thread);
+
+    /**
+     * YieldWithLoadBalancing -- yield but with better selection of the new running thread
+     * Moves the current thread to the end of the ready queue for its priority, then selects a
+     * 'suggested thread' (a thread on a different core that could run on this core) from the
+     * scheduler, changes its core, and reschedules the current core to that thread.
+     *
+     * Example (Dual Core -- can be extrapolated to Quad Core, this is just normal yield if it were
+     * single core):
+     * ready_queue[core=0][prio=0]: ThreadA, ThreadB (affinities not pictured as irrelevant
+     * ready_queue[core=1][prio=0]: ThreadC[affinity=both], ThreadD[affinity=core1only]
+     * Currently Running: ThreadQ on Core 0 || ThreadP on Core 1
+     *
+     * ThreadQ calls YieldWithLoadBalancing
+     *
+     * ThreadQ is moved to the end of ready_queue[core=0][prio=0]:
+     * ready_queue[core=0][prio=0]: ThreadA, ThreadB
+     * ready_queue[core=1][prio=0]: ThreadC[affinity=both], ThreadD[affinity=core1only]
+     * Currently Running: ThreadQ on Core 0 || ThreadP on Core 1
+     *
+     * A list of suggested threads for each core is compiled
+     * Suggested Threads: {ThreadC on Core 1}
+     * If this were quad core (as the switch is), there could be between 0 and 3 threads in this
+     * list. If there are more than one, the thread is selected by highest prio.
+     *
+     * ThreadC is core changed to Core 0:
+     * ready_queue[core=0][prio=0]: ThreadC, ThreadA, ThreadB, ThreadQ
+     * ready_queue[core=1][prio=0]: ThreadD
+     * Currently Running: None on Core 0 || ThreadP on Core 1
+     *
+     * System is rescheduled (ThreadC is popped off of queue):
+     * ready_queue[core=0][prio=0]: ThreadA, ThreadB, ThreadQ
+     * ready_queue[core=1][prio=0]: ThreadD
+     * Currently Running: ThreadC on Core 0 || ThreadP on Core 1
+     *
+     * If no suggested threads can be found this will behave just as normal yield. If there are
+     * multiple candidates for the suggested thread on a core, the highest prio is taken.
+     */
+    void YieldWithLoadBalancing(Thread* thread);
+
+    /// Currently unknown -- asserts as unimplemented on call
+    void YieldAndWaitForLoadBalancing(Thread* thread);
+
     /// Returns a list of all threads managed by the scheduler
     const std::vector<SharedPtr<Thread>>& GetThreadList() const {
         return thread_list;

src/core/hle/kernel/server_session.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"

src/core/hle/kernel/server_session.h

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/wait_object.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"

src/core/hle/kernel/shared_memory.cpp

@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ namespace Kernel {
 SharedMemory::SharedMemory(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
 SharedMemory::~SharedMemory() = default;
 
-SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::Create(KernelCore& kernel, SharedPtr<Process> owner_process,
-                                             u64 size, MemoryPermission permissions,
+SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::Create(KernelCore& kernel, Process* owner_process, u64 size,
+                                             MemoryPermission permissions,
                                              MemoryPermission other_permissions, VAddr address,
                                              MemoryRegion region, std::string name) {
     SharedPtr<SharedMemory> shared_memory(new SharedMemory(kernel));
 
-    shared_memory->owner_process = std::move(owner_process);
+    shared_memory->owner_process = owner_process;
     shared_memory->name = std::move(name);
     shared_memory->size = size;
     shared_memory->permissions = permissions;
@@ -39,15 +39,15 @@ SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::Create(KernelCore& kernel, SharedPtr<Proce
                 shared_memory->backing_block.get());
         }
     } else {
-        auto& vm_manager = shared_memory->owner_process->VMManager();
+        const auto& vm_manager = shared_memory->owner_process->VMManager();
 
         // The memory is already available and mapped in the owner process.
-        auto vma = vm_manager.FindVMA(address);
-        ASSERT_MSG(vma != vm_manager.vma_map.end(), "Invalid memory address");
+        const auto vma = vm_manager.FindVMA(address);
+        ASSERT_MSG(vm_manager.IsValidHandle(vma), "Invalid memory address");
         ASSERT_MSG(vma->second.backing_block, "Backing block doesn't exist for address");
 
         // The returned VMA might be a bigger one encompassing the desired address.
-        auto vma_offset = address - vma->first;
+        const auto vma_offset = address - vma->first;
         ASSERT_MSG(vma_offset + size <= vma->second.size,
                    "Shared memory exceeds bounds of mapped block");
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::Create(KernelCore& kernel, SharedPtr<Proce
 }
 
 SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::CreateForApplet(
-    KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> heap_block, u32 offset, u32 size,
+    KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> heap_block, std::size_t offset, u64 size,
     MemoryPermission permissions, MemoryPermission other_permissions, std::string name) {
     SharedPtr<SharedMemory> shared_memory(new SharedMemory(kernel));
 
@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::CreateForApplet(
     return shared_memory;
 }
 
-ResultCode SharedMemory::Map(Process* target_process, VAddr address, MemoryPermission permissions,
+ResultCode SharedMemory::Map(Process& target_process, VAddr address, MemoryPermission permissions,
                              MemoryPermission other_permissions) {
     const MemoryPermission own_other_permissions =
-        target_process == owner_process ? this->permissions : this->other_permissions;
+        &target_process == owner_process ? this->permissions : this->other_permissions;
 
     // Automatically allocated memory blocks can only be mapped with other_permissions = DontCare
     if (base_address == 0 && other_permissions != MemoryPermission::DontCare) {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ ResultCode SharedMemory::Map(Process* target_process, VAddr address, MemoryPermi
     VAddr target_address = address;
 
     // Map the memory block into the target process
-    auto result = target_process->VMManager().MapMemoryBlock(
+    auto result = target_process.VMManager().MapMemoryBlock(
         target_address, backing_block, backing_block_offset, size, MemoryState::Shared);
     if (result.Failed()) {
         LOG_ERROR(
@@ -116,14 +116,14 @@ ResultCode SharedMemory::Map(Process* target_process, VAddr address, MemoryPermi
         return result.Code();
     }
 
-    return target_process->VMManager().ReprotectRange(target_address, size,
-                                                      ConvertPermissions(permissions));
+    return target_process.VMManager().ReprotectRange(target_address, size,
+                                                     ConvertPermissions(permissions));
 }
 
-ResultCode SharedMemory::Unmap(Process* target_process, VAddr address) {
+ResultCode SharedMemory::Unmap(Process& target_process, VAddr address) {
     // TODO(Subv): Verify what happens if the application tries to unmap an address that is not
     // mapped to a SharedMemory.
-    return target_process->VMManager().UnmapRange(address, size);
+    return target_process.VMManager().UnmapRange(address, size);
 }
 
 VMAPermission SharedMemory::ConvertPermissions(MemoryPermission permission) {
@@ -132,7 +132,11 @@ VMAPermission SharedMemory::ConvertPermissions(MemoryPermission permission) {
     return static_cast<VMAPermission>(masked_permissions);
 }
 
-u8* SharedMemory::GetPointer(u32 offset) {
+u8* SharedMemory::GetPointer(std::size_t offset) {
+    return backing_block->data() + backing_block_offset + offset;
+}
+
+const u8* SharedMemory::GetPointer(std::size_t offset) const {
     return backing_block->data() + backing_block_offset + offset;
 }
 

src/core/hle/kernel/shared_memory.h

@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ public:
      * linear heap.
      * @param name Optional object name, used for debugging purposes.
      */
-    static SharedPtr<SharedMemory> Create(KernelCore& kernel, SharedPtr<Process> owner_process,
-                                          u64 size, MemoryPermission permissions,
+    static SharedPtr<SharedMemory> Create(KernelCore& kernel, Process* owner_process, u64 size,
+                                          MemoryPermission permissions,
                                           MemoryPermission other_permissions, VAddr address = 0,
                                           MemoryRegion region = MemoryRegion::BASE,
                                           std::string name = "Unknown");
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public:
      */
     static SharedPtr<SharedMemory> CreateForApplet(KernelCore& kernel,
                                                    std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> heap_block,
-                                                   u32 offset, u32 size,
+                                                   std::size_t offset, u64 size,
                                                    MemoryPermission permissions,
                                                    MemoryPermission other_permissions,
                                                    std::string name = "Unknown Applet");
@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@ public:
         return HANDLE_TYPE;
     }
 
+    /// Gets the size of the underlying memory block in bytes.
+    u64 GetSize() const {
+        return size;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Converts the specified MemoryPermission into the equivalent VMAPermission.
      * @param permission The MemoryPermission to convert.
@@ -94,44 +99,51 @@ public:
      * @param permissions Memory block map permissions (specified by SVC field)
      * @param other_permissions Memory block map other permissions (specified by SVC field)
      */
-    ResultCode Map(Process* target_process, VAddr address, MemoryPermission permissions,
+    ResultCode Map(Process& target_process, VAddr address, MemoryPermission permissions,
                    MemoryPermission other_permissions);
 
     /**
      * Unmaps a shared memory block from the specified address in system memory
-     * @param target_process Process from which to umap the memory block.
+     * @param target_process Process from which to unmap the memory block.
      * @param address Address in system memory where the shared memory block is mapped
      * @return Result code of the unmap operation
      */
-    ResultCode Unmap(Process* target_process, VAddr address);
+    ResultCode Unmap(Process& target_process, VAddr address);
 
     /**
      * Gets a pointer to the shared memory block
      * @param offset Offset from the start of the shared memory block to get pointer
-     * @return Pointer to the shared memory block from the specified offset
+     * @return A pointer to the shared memory block from the specified offset
      */
-    u8* GetPointer(u32 offset = 0);
+    u8* GetPointer(std::size_t offset = 0);
 
-    /// Process that created this shared memory block.
-    SharedPtr<Process> owner_process;
-    /// Address of shared memory block in the owner process if specified.
-    VAddr base_address;
-    /// Backing memory for this shared memory block.
-    std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> backing_block;
-    /// Offset into the backing block for this shared memory.
-    std::size_t backing_block_offset;
-    /// Size of the memory block. Page-aligned.
-    u64 size;
-    /// Permission restrictions applied to the process which created the block.
-    MemoryPermission permissions;
-    /// Permission restrictions applied to other processes mapping the block.
-    MemoryPermission other_permissions;
-    /// Name of shared memory object.
-    std::string name;
+    /**
+     * Gets a constant pointer to the shared memory block
+     * @param offset Offset from the start of the shared memory block to get pointer
+     * @return A constant pointer to the shared memory block from the specified offset
+     */
+    const u8* GetPointer(std::size_t offset = 0) const;
 
 private:
     explicit SharedMemory(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~SharedMemory() override;
+
+    /// Backing memory for this shared memory block.
+    std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> backing_block;
+    /// Offset into the backing block for this shared memory.
+    std::size_t backing_block_offset = 0;
+    /// Size of the memory block. Page-aligned.
+    u64 size = 0;
+    /// Permission restrictions applied to the process which created the block.
+    MemoryPermission permissions{};
+    /// Permission restrictions applied to other processes mapping the block.
+    MemoryPermission other_permissions{};
+    /// Process that created this shared memory block.
+    Process* owner_process;
+    /// Address of shared memory block in the owner process if specified.
+    VAddr base_address = 0;
+    /// Name of shared memory object.
+    std::string name;
 };
 
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/svc.h

@@ -8,22 +8,6 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-struct MemoryInfo {
-    u64 base_address;
-    u64 size;
-    u32 type;
-    u32 attributes;
-    u32 permission;
-    u32 device_refcount;
-    u32 ipc_refcount;
-    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(MemoryInfo) == 0x28, "MemoryInfo has incorrect size.");
-
-struct PageInfo {
-    u64 flags;
-};
-
 void CallSVC(u32 immediate);
 
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/svc_wrap.h

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/svc.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
-#include "core/memory.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
@@ -43,6 +41,14 @@ void SvcWrap() {
     FuncReturn(func(static_cast<u32>(Param(0)), static_cast<u32>(Param(1))).raw);
 }
 
+template <ResultCode func(u32*)>
+void SvcWrap() {
+    u32 param = 0;
+    const u32 retval = func(&param).raw;
+    Core::CurrentArmInterface().SetReg(1, param);
+    FuncReturn(retval);
+}
+
 template <ResultCode func(u32*, u32)>
 void SvcWrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
@@ -51,10 +57,31 @@ void SvcWrap() {
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
+template <ResultCode func(u32*, u32*)>
+void SvcWrap() {
+    u32 param_1 = 0;
+    u32 param_2 = 0;
+    const u32 retval = func(&param_1, &param_2).raw;
+
+    auto& arm_interface = Core::CurrentArmInterface();
+    arm_interface.SetReg(1, param_1);
+    arm_interface.SetReg(2, param_2);
+
+    FuncReturn(retval);
+}
+
 template <ResultCode func(u32*, u64)>
 void SvcWrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;
-    u32 retval = func(&param_1, Param(1)).raw;
+    const u32 retval = func(&param_1, Param(1)).raw;
+    Core::CurrentArmInterface().SetReg(1, param_1);
+    FuncReturn(retval);
+}
+
+template <ResultCode func(u64*, u32)>
+void SvcWrap() {
+    u64 param_1 = 0;
+    const u32 retval = func(&param_1, static_cast<u32>(Param(1))).raw;
     Core::CurrentArmInterface().SetReg(1, param_1);
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
@@ -108,7 +135,12 @@ void SvcWrap() {
 template <ResultCode func(u64, u64, u32, u32)>
 void SvcWrap() {
     FuncReturn(
-        func(Param(0), Param(1), static_cast<u32>(Param(3)), static_cast<u32>(Param(3))).raw);
+        func(Param(0), Param(1), static_cast<u32>(Param(2)), static_cast<u32>(Param(3))).raw);
+}
+
+template <ResultCode func(u64, u64, u32, u64)>
+void SvcWrap() {
+    FuncReturn(func(Param(0), Param(1), static_cast<u32>(Param(2)), Param(3)).raw);
 }
 
 template <ResultCode func(u32, u64, u32)>
@@ -170,21 +202,6 @@ void SvcWrap() {
     FuncReturn(retval);
 }
 
-template <ResultCode func(MemoryInfo*, PageInfo*, u64)>
-void SvcWrap() {
-    MemoryInfo memory_info = {};
-    PageInfo page_info = {};
-    u32 retval = func(&memory_info, &page_info, Param(2)).raw;
-
-    Memory::Write64(Param(0), memory_info.base_address);
-    Memory::Write64(Param(0) + 8, memory_info.size);
-    Memory::Write32(Param(0) + 16, memory_info.type);
-    Memory::Write32(Param(0) + 20, memory_info.attributes);
-    Memory::Write32(Param(0) + 24, memory_info.permission);
-
-    FuncReturn(retval);
-}
-
 template <ResultCode func(u32*, u64, u64, u32)>
 void SvcWrap() {
     u32 param_1 = 0;

src/core/hle/kernel/thread.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "common/math_util.h"
 #include "common/thread_queue_list.h"
 #include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ void Thread::Stop() {
 
     // Clean up thread from ready queue
     // This is only needed when the thread is terminated forcefully (SVC TerminateProcess)
-    if (status == ThreadStatus::Ready) {
+    if (status == ThreadStatus::Ready || status == ThreadStatus::Paused) {
         scheduler->UnscheduleThread(this, current_priority);
     }
 
@@ -140,6 +139,11 @@ void Thread::ResumeFromWait() {
 
     wakeup_callback = nullptr;
 
+    if (activity == ThreadActivity::Paused) {
+        status = ThreadStatus::Paused;
+        return;
+    }
+
     status = ThreadStatus::Ready;
 
     ChangeScheduler();
@@ -158,6 +162,9 @@ static void ResetThreadContext(Core::ARM_Interface::ThreadContext& context, VAdd
     context.cpu_registers[0] = arg;
     context.pc = entry_point;
     context.sp = stack_top;
+    // TODO(merry): Perform a hardware test to determine the below value.
+    // AHP = 0, DN = 1, FTZ = 1, RMode = Round towards zero
+    context.fpcr = 0x03C00000;
 }
 
 ResultVal<SharedPtr<Thread>> Thread::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name, VAddr entry_point,
@@ -224,29 +231,6 @@ void Thread::BoostPriority(u32 priority) {
     current_priority = priority;
 }
 
-SharedPtr<Thread> SetupMainThread(KernelCore& kernel, VAddr entry_point, u32 priority,
-                                  Process& owner_process) {
-    // Setup page table so we can write to memory
-    SetCurrentPageTable(&owner_process.VMManager().page_table);
-
-    // Initialize new "main" thread
-    const VAddr stack_top = owner_process.VMManager().GetTLSIORegionEndAddress();
-    auto thread_res = Thread::Create(kernel, "main", entry_point, priority, 0, THREADPROCESSORID_0,
-                                     stack_top, owner_process);
-
-    SharedPtr<Thread> thread = std::move(thread_res).Unwrap();
-
-    // Register 1 must be a handle to the main thread
-    const Handle guest_handle = owner_process.GetHandleTable().Create(thread).Unwrap();
-    thread->SetGuestHandle(guest_handle);
-    thread->GetContext().cpu_registers[1] = guest_handle;
-
-    // Threads by default are dormant, wake up the main thread so it runs when the scheduler fires
-    thread->ResumeFromWait();
-
-    return thread;
-}
-
 void Thread::SetWaitSynchronizationResult(ResultCode result) {
     context.cpu_registers[0] = result.raw;
 }
@@ -388,6 +372,23 @@ bool Thread::InvokeWakeupCallback(ThreadWakeupReason reason, SharedPtr<Thread> t
     return wakeup_callback(reason, std::move(thread), std::move(object), index);
 }
 
+void Thread::SetActivity(ThreadActivity value) {
+    activity = value;
+
+    if (value == ThreadActivity::Paused) {
+        // Set status if not waiting
+        if (status == ThreadStatus::Ready) {
+            status = ThreadStatus::Paused;
+        } else if (status == ThreadStatus::Running) {
+            status = ThreadStatus::Paused;
+            Core::System::GetInstance().CpuCore(processor_id).PrepareReschedule();
+        }
+    } else if (status == ThreadStatus::Paused) {
+        // Ready to reschedule
+        ResumeFromWait();
+    }
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /**

src/core/hle/kernel/thread.h

@@ -26,15 +26,16 @@ enum ThreadPriority : u32 {
     THREADPRIO_USERLAND_MAX = 24, ///< Highest thread priority for userland apps
     THREADPRIO_DEFAULT = 44,      ///< Default thread priority for userland apps
     THREADPRIO_LOWEST = 63,       ///< Lowest thread priority
+    THREADPRIO_COUNT = 64,        ///< Total number of possible thread priorities.
 };
 
 enum ThreadProcessorId : s32 {
-    THREADPROCESSORID_DEFAULT = -2, ///< Run thread on default core specified by exheader
-    THREADPROCESSORID_0 = 0,        ///< Run thread on core 0
-    THREADPROCESSORID_1 = 1,        ///< Run thread on core 1
-    THREADPROCESSORID_2 = 2,        ///< Run thread on core 2
-    THREADPROCESSORID_3 = 3,        ///< Run thread on core 3
-    THREADPROCESSORID_MAX = 4,      ///< Processor ID must be less than this
+    THREADPROCESSORID_IDEAL = -2, ///< Run thread on the ideal core specified by the process.
+    THREADPROCESSORID_0 = 0,      ///< Run thread on core 0
+    THREADPROCESSORID_1 = 1,      ///< Run thread on core 1
+    THREADPROCESSORID_2 = 2,      ///< Run thread on core 2
+    THREADPROCESSORID_3 = 3,      ///< Run thread on core 3
+    THREADPROCESSORID_MAX = 4,    ///< Processor ID must be less than this
 
     /// Allowed CPU mask
     THREADPROCESSORID_DEFAULT_MASK = (1 << THREADPROCESSORID_0) | (1 << THREADPROCESSORID_1) |
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ enum ThreadProcessorId : s32 {
 enum class ThreadStatus {
     Running,      ///< Currently running
     Ready,        ///< Ready to run
+    Paused,       ///< Paused by SetThreadActivity or debug
     WaitHLEEvent, ///< Waiting for hle event to finish
     WaitSleep,    ///< Waiting due to a SleepThread SVC
     WaitIPC,      ///< Waiting for the reply from an IPC request
@@ -60,6 +62,11 @@ enum class ThreadWakeupReason {
     Timeout // The thread was woken up due to a wait timeout.
 };
 
+enum class ThreadActivity : u32 {
+    Normal = 0,
+    Paused = 1,
+};
+
 class Thread final : public WaitObject {
 public:
     using TLSMemory = std::vector<u8>;
@@ -150,7 +157,7 @@ public:
      * Gets the thread's thread ID
      * @return The thread's ID
      */
-    u32 GetThreadID() const {
+    u64 GetThreadID() const {
         return thread_id;
     }
 
@@ -370,6 +377,12 @@ public:
         return affinity_mask;
     }
 
+    ThreadActivity GetActivity() const {
+        return activity;
+    }
+
+    void SetActivity(ThreadActivity value);
+
 private:
     explicit Thread(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~Thread() override;
@@ -378,7 +391,7 @@ private:
 
     Core::ARM_Interface::ThreadContext context{};
 
-    u32 thread_id = 0;
+    u64 thread_id = 0;
 
     ThreadStatus status = ThreadStatus::Dormant;
 
@@ -438,18 +451,9 @@ private:
     TLSMemoryPtr tls_memory = std::make_shared<TLSMemory>();
 
     std::string name;
-};
 
-/**
- * Sets up the primary application thread
- * @param kernel The kernel instance to create the main thread under.
- * @param entry_point The address at which the thread should start execution
- * @param priority The priority to give the main thread
- * @param owner_process The parent process for the main thread
- * @return A shared pointer to the main thread
- */
-SharedPtr<Thread> SetupMainThread(KernelCore& kernel, VAddr entry_point, u32 priority,
-                                  Process& owner_process);
+    ThreadActivity activity = ThreadActivity::Normal;
+};
 
 /**
  * Gets the current thread

src/core/hle/kernel/timer.cpp

@@ -68,9 +68,6 @@ void Timer::Clear() {
 
 void Timer::WakeupAllWaitingThreads() {
     WaitObject::WakeupAllWaitingThreads();
-
-    if (reset_type == ResetType::Pulse)
-        signaled = false;
 }
 
 void Timer::Signal(int cycles_late) {

src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.cpp

@@ -25,19 +25,19 @@ static const char* GetMemoryStateName(MemoryState state) {
         "CodeMutable",      "Heap",
         "Shared",           "Unknown1",
         "ModuleCodeStatic", "ModuleCodeMutable",
-        "IpcBuffer0",       "Mapped",
+        "IpcBuffer0",       "Stack",
         "ThreadLocal",      "TransferMemoryIsolated",
         "TransferMemory",   "ProcessMemory",
-        "Unknown2",         "IpcBuffer1",
+        "Inaccessible",     "IpcBuffer1",
         "IpcBuffer3",       "KernelStack",
     };
 
-    return names[static_cast<int>(state)];
+    return names[ToSvcMemoryState(state)];
 }
 
 bool VirtualMemoryArea::CanBeMergedWith(const VirtualMemoryArea& next) const {
     ASSERT(base + size == next.base);
-    if (permissions != next.permissions || meminfo_state != next.meminfo_state ||
+    if (permissions != next.permissions || state != next.state || attribute != next.attribute ||
         type != next.type) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -87,6 +87,10 @@ VMManager::VMAHandle VMManager::FindVMA(VAddr target) const {
     }
 }
 
+bool VMManager::IsValidHandle(VMAHandle handle) const {
+    return handle != vma_map.cend();
+}
+
 ResultVal<VMManager::VMAHandle> VMManager::MapMemoryBlock(VAddr target,
                                                           std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> block,
                                                           std::size_t offset, u64 size,
@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ ResultVal<VMManager::VMAHandle> VMManager::MapMemoryBlock(VAddr target,
 
     final_vma.type = VMAType::AllocatedMemoryBlock;
     final_vma.permissions = VMAPermission::ReadWrite;
-    final_vma.meminfo_state = state;
+    final_vma.state = state;
     final_vma.backing_block = std::move(block);
     final_vma.offset = offset;
     UpdatePageTableForVMA(final_vma);
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@ ResultVal<VMManager::VMAHandle> VMManager::MapBackingMemory(VAddr target, u8* me
 
     final_vma.type = VMAType::BackingMemory;
     final_vma.permissions = VMAPermission::ReadWrite;
-    final_vma.meminfo_state = state;
+    final_vma.state = state;
     final_vma.backing_memory = memory;
     UpdatePageTableForVMA(final_vma);
 
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ ResultVal<VMManager::VMAHandle> VMManager::MapMMIO(VAddr target, PAddr paddr, u6
 
     final_vma.type = VMAType::MMIO;
     final_vma.permissions = VMAPermission::ReadWrite;
-    final_vma.meminfo_state = state;
+    final_vma.state = state;
     final_vma.paddr = paddr;
     final_vma.mmio_handler = std::move(mmio_handler);
     UpdatePageTableForVMA(final_vma);
@@ -185,7 +189,8 @@ VMManager::VMAIter VMManager::Unmap(VMAIter vma_handle) {
     VirtualMemoryArea& vma = vma_handle->second;
     vma.type = VMAType::Free;
     vma.permissions = VMAPermission::None;
-    vma.meminfo_state = MemoryState::Unmapped;
+    vma.state = MemoryState::Unmapped;
+    vma.attribute = MemoryAttribute::None;
 
     vma.backing_block = nullptr;
     vma.offset = 0;
@@ -298,6 +303,54 @@ ResultCode VMManager::HeapFree(VAddr target, u64 size) {
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+MemoryInfo VMManager::QueryMemory(VAddr address) const {
+    const auto vma = FindVMA(address);
+    MemoryInfo memory_info{};
+
+    if (IsValidHandle(vma)) {
+        memory_info.base_address = vma->second.base;
+        memory_info.attributes = ToSvcMemoryAttribute(vma->second.attribute);
+        memory_info.permission = static_cast<u32>(vma->second.permissions);
+        memory_info.size = vma->second.size;
+        memory_info.state = ToSvcMemoryState(vma->second.state);
+    } else {
+        memory_info.base_address = address_space_end;
+        memory_info.permission = static_cast<u32>(VMAPermission::None);
+        memory_info.size = 0 - address_space_end;
+        memory_info.state = static_cast<u32>(MemoryState::Inaccessible);
+    }
+
+    return memory_info;
+}
+
+ResultCode VMManager::SetMemoryAttribute(VAddr address, u64 size, MemoryAttribute mask,
+                                         MemoryAttribute attribute) {
+    constexpr auto ignore_mask = MemoryAttribute::Uncached | MemoryAttribute::DeviceMapped;
+    constexpr auto attribute_mask = ~ignore_mask;
+
+    const auto result = CheckRangeState(
+        address, size, MemoryState::FlagUncached, MemoryState::FlagUncached, VMAPermission::None,
+        VMAPermission::None, attribute_mask, MemoryAttribute::None, ignore_mask);
+
+    if (result.Failed()) {
+        return result.Code();
+    }
+
+    const auto [prev_state, prev_permissions, prev_attributes] = *result;
+    const auto new_attribute = (prev_attributes & ~mask) | (mask & attribute);
+
+    const auto carve_result = CarveVMARange(address, size);
+    if (carve_result.Failed()) {
+        return carve_result.Code();
+    }
+
+    auto vma_iter = *carve_result;
+    vma_iter->second.attribute = new_attribute;
+
+    MergeAdjacent(vma_iter);
+    return RESULT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 ResultCode VMManager::MirrorMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr src_addr, u64 size, MemoryState state) {
     const auto vma = FindVMA(src_addr);
 
@@ -341,7 +394,7 @@ void VMManager::LogLayout() const {
                   (u8)vma.permissions & (u8)VMAPermission::Read ? 'R' : '-',
                   (u8)vma.permissions & (u8)VMAPermission::Write ? 'W' : '-',
                   (u8)vma.permissions & (u8)VMAPermission::Execute ? 'X' : '-',
-                  GetMemoryStateName(vma.meminfo_state));
+                  GetMemoryStateName(vma.state));
     }
 }
 
@@ -568,6 +621,66 @@ void VMManager::ClearPageTable() {
               Memory::PageType::Unmapped);
 }
 
+VMManager::CheckResults VMManager::CheckRangeState(VAddr address, u64 size, MemoryState state_mask,
+                                                   MemoryState state, VMAPermission permission_mask,
+                                                   VMAPermission permissions,
+                                                   MemoryAttribute attribute_mask,
+                                                   MemoryAttribute attribute,
+                                                   MemoryAttribute ignore_mask) const {
+    auto iter = FindVMA(address);
+
+    // If we don't have a valid VMA handle at this point, then it means this is
+    // being called with an address outside of the address space, which is definitely
+    // indicative of a bug, as this function only operates on mapped memory regions.
+    DEBUG_ASSERT(IsValidHandle(iter));
+
+    const VAddr end_address = address + size - 1;
+    const MemoryAttribute initial_attributes = iter->second.attribute;
+    const VMAPermission initial_permissions = iter->second.permissions;
+    const MemoryState initial_state = iter->second.state;
+
+    while (true) {
+        // The iterator should be valid throughout the traversal. Hitting the end of
+        // the mapped VMA regions is unquestionably indicative of a bug.
+        DEBUG_ASSERT(IsValidHandle(iter));
+
+        const auto& vma = iter->second;
+
+        if (vma.state != initial_state) {
+            return ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE;
+        }
+
+        if ((vma.state & state_mask) != state) {
+            return ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE;
+        }
+
+        if (vma.permissions != initial_permissions) {
+            return ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE;
+        }
+
+        if ((vma.permissions & permission_mask) != permissions) {
+            return ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE;
+        }
+
+        if ((vma.attribute | ignore_mask) != (initial_attributes | ignore_mask)) {
+            return ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE;
+        }
+
+        if ((vma.attribute & attribute_mask) != attribute) {
+            return ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE;
+        }
+
+        if (end_address <= vma.EndAddress()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        ++iter;
+    }
+
+    return MakeResult(
+        std::make_tuple(initial_state, initial_permissions, initial_attributes & ~ignore_mask));
+}
+
 u64 VMManager::GetTotalMemoryUsage() const {
     LOG_WARNING(Kernel, "(STUBBED) called");
     return 0xF8000000;

src/core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <tuple>
 #include <vector>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
@@ -43,26 +44,211 @@ enum class VMAPermission : u8 {
     ReadWriteExecute = Read | Write | Execute,
 };
 
-/// Set of values returned in MemoryInfo.state by svcQueryMemory.
+constexpr VMAPermission operator|(VMAPermission lhs, VMAPermission rhs) {
+    return static_cast<VMAPermission>(u32(lhs) | u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr VMAPermission operator&(VMAPermission lhs, VMAPermission rhs) {
+    return static_cast<VMAPermission>(u32(lhs) & u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr VMAPermission operator^(VMAPermission lhs, VMAPermission rhs) {
+    return static_cast<VMAPermission>(u32(lhs) ^ u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr VMAPermission operator~(VMAPermission permission) {
+    return static_cast<VMAPermission>(~u32(permission));
+}
+
+constexpr VMAPermission& operator|=(VMAPermission& lhs, VMAPermission rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs | rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+constexpr VMAPermission& operator&=(VMAPermission& lhs, VMAPermission rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs & rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+constexpr VMAPermission& operator^=(VMAPermission& lhs, VMAPermission rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs ^ rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+/// Attribute flags that can be applied to a VMA
+enum class MemoryAttribute : u32 {
+    Mask = 0xFF,
+
+    /// No particular qualities
+    None = 0,
+    /// Memory locked/borrowed for use. e.g. This would be used by transfer memory.
+    Locked = 1,
+    /// Memory locked for use by IPC-related internals.
+    LockedForIPC = 2,
+    /// Mapped as part of the device address space.
+    DeviceMapped = 4,
+    /// Uncached memory
+    Uncached = 8,
+};
+
+constexpr MemoryAttribute operator|(MemoryAttribute lhs, MemoryAttribute rhs) {
+    return static_cast<MemoryAttribute>(u32(lhs) | u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryAttribute operator&(MemoryAttribute lhs, MemoryAttribute rhs) {
+    return static_cast<MemoryAttribute>(u32(lhs) & u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryAttribute operator^(MemoryAttribute lhs, MemoryAttribute rhs) {
+    return static_cast<MemoryAttribute>(u32(lhs) ^ u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryAttribute operator~(MemoryAttribute attribute) {
+    return static_cast<MemoryAttribute>(~u32(attribute));
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryAttribute& operator|=(MemoryAttribute& lhs, MemoryAttribute rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs | rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryAttribute& operator&=(MemoryAttribute& lhs, MemoryAttribute rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs & rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryAttribute& operator^=(MemoryAttribute& lhs, MemoryAttribute rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs ^ rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+constexpr u32 ToSvcMemoryAttribute(MemoryAttribute attribute) {
+    return static_cast<u32>(attribute & MemoryAttribute::Mask);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+/// Represents memory states and any relevant flags, as used by the kernel.
+/// svcQueryMemory interprets these by masking away all but the first eight
+/// bits when storing memory state into a MemoryInfo instance.
 enum class MemoryState : u32 {
-    Unmapped = 0x0,
-    Io = 0x1,
-    Normal = 0x2,
-    CodeStatic = 0x3,
-    CodeMutable = 0x4,
-    Heap = 0x5,
-    Shared = 0x6,
-    ModuleCodeStatic = 0x8,
-    ModuleCodeMutable = 0x9,
-    IpcBuffer0 = 0xA,
-    Mapped = 0xB,
-    ThreadLocal = 0xC,
-    TransferMemoryIsolated = 0xD,
-    TransferMemory = 0xE,
-    ProcessMemory = 0xF,
-    IpcBuffer1 = 0x11,
-    IpcBuffer3 = 0x12,
-    KernelStack = 0x13,
+    Mask                            = 0xFF,
+    FlagProtect                     = 1U << 8,
+    FlagDebug                       = 1U << 9,
+    FlagIPC0                        = 1U << 10,
+    FlagIPC3                        = 1U << 11,
+    FlagIPC1                        = 1U << 12,
+    FlagMapped                      = 1U << 13,
+    FlagCode                        = 1U << 14,
+    FlagAlias                       = 1U << 15,
+    FlagModule                      = 1U << 16,
+    FlagTransfer                    = 1U << 17,
+    FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed = 1U << 18,
+    FlagSharedDevice                = 1U << 19,
+    FlagSharedDeviceAligned         = 1U << 20,
+    FlagIPCBuffer                   = 1U << 21,
+    FlagMemoryPoolAllocated         = 1U << 22,
+    FlagMapProcess                  = 1U << 23,
+    FlagUncached                    = 1U << 24,
+    FlagCodeMemory                  = 1U << 25,
+
+    // Convenience flag sets to reduce repetition
+    IPCFlags = FlagIPC0 | FlagIPC3 | FlagIPC1,
+
+    CodeFlags = FlagDebug | IPCFlags | FlagMapped | FlagCode | FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed |
+                FlagSharedDevice | FlagSharedDeviceAligned | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated,
+
+    DataFlags = FlagProtect | IPCFlags | FlagMapped | FlagAlias | FlagTransfer |
+                FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed | FlagSharedDevice | FlagSharedDeviceAligned |
+                FlagMemoryPoolAllocated | FlagIPCBuffer | FlagUncached,
+
+    Unmapped               = 0x00,
+    Io                     = 0x01 | FlagMapped,
+    Normal                 = 0x02 | FlagMapped | FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed,
+    CodeStatic             = 0x03 | CodeFlags  | FlagMapProcess,
+    CodeMutable            = 0x04 | CodeFlags  | FlagMapProcess | FlagCodeMemory,
+    Heap                   = 0x05 | DataFlags  | FlagCodeMemory,
+    Shared                 = 0x06 | FlagMapped | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated,
+    ModuleCodeStatic       = 0x08 | CodeFlags  | FlagModule | FlagMapProcess,
+    ModuleCodeMutable      = 0x09 | DataFlags  | FlagModule | FlagMapProcess | FlagCodeMemory,
+
+    IpcBuffer0             = 0x0A | FlagMapped | FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated |
+                                    IPCFlags | FlagSharedDevice | FlagSharedDeviceAligned,
+
+    Stack                  = 0x0B | FlagMapped | IPCFlags | FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed |
+                                    FlagSharedDevice | FlagSharedDeviceAligned | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated,
+
+    ThreadLocal            = 0x0C | FlagMapped | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated,
+
+    TransferMemoryIsolated = 0x0D | IPCFlags | FlagMapped | FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed |
+                                    FlagSharedDevice | FlagSharedDeviceAligned | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated |
+                                    FlagUncached,
+
+    TransferMemory         = 0x0E | FlagIPC3   | FlagIPC1   | FlagMapped | FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed |
+                                    FlagSharedDevice | FlagSharedDeviceAligned | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated,
+
+    ProcessMemory          = 0x0F | FlagIPC3   | FlagIPC1   | FlagMapped | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated,
+
+    // Used to signify an inaccessible or invalid memory region with memory queries
+    Inaccessible           = 0x10,
+
+    IpcBuffer1             = 0x11 | FlagIPC3   | FlagIPC1   | FlagMapped | FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed |
+                                    FlagSharedDevice | FlagSharedDeviceAligned | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated,
+
+    IpcBuffer3             = 0x12 | FlagIPC3   | FlagMapped | FlagQueryPhysicalAddressAllowed |
+                                    FlagSharedDeviceAligned | FlagMemoryPoolAllocated,
+
+    KernelStack            = 0x13 | FlagMapped,
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+constexpr MemoryState operator|(MemoryState lhs, MemoryState rhs) {
+    return static_cast<MemoryState>(u32(lhs) | u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryState operator&(MemoryState lhs, MemoryState rhs) {
+    return static_cast<MemoryState>(u32(lhs) & u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryState operator^(MemoryState lhs, MemoryState rhs) {
+    return static_cast<MemoryState>(u32(lhs) ^ u32(rhs));
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryState operator~(MemoryState lhs) {
+    return static_cast<MemoryState>(~u32(lhs));
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryState& operator|=(MemoryState& lhs, MemoryState rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs | rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryState& operator&=(MemoryState& lhs, MemoryState rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs & rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+constexpr MemoryState& operator^=(MemoryState& lhs, MemoryState rhs) {
+    lhs = lhs ^ rhs;
+    return lhs;
+}
+
+constexpr u32 ToSvcMemoryState(MemoryState state) {
+    return static_cast<u32>(state & MemoryState::Mask);
+}
+
+struct MemoryInfo {
+    u64 base_address;
+    u64 size;
+    u32 state;
+    u32 attributes;
+    u32 permission;
+    u32 ipc_ref_count;
+    u32 device_ref_count;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(MemoryInfo) == 0x28, "MemoryInfo has incorrect size.");
+
+struct PageInfo {
+    u32 flags;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -71,6 +257,16 @@ enum class MemoryState : u32 {
  * also backed by a single host memory allocation.
  */
 struct VirtualMemoryArea {
+    /// Gets the starting (base) address of this VMA.
+    VAddr StartAddress() const {
+        return base;
+    }
+
+    /// Gets the ending address of this VMA.
+    VAddr EndAddress() const {
+        return base + size - 1;
+    }
+
     /// Virtual base address of the region.
     VAddr base = 0;
     /// Size of the region.
@@ -78,8 +274,8 @@ struct VirtualMemoryArea {
 
     VMAType type = VMAType::Free;
     VMAPermission permissions = VMAPermission::None;
-    /// Tag returned by svcQueryMemory. Not otherwise used.
-    MemoryState meminfo_state = MemoryState::Unmapped;
+    MemoryState state = MemoryState::Unmapped;
+    MemoryAttribute attribute = MemoryAttribute::None;
 
     // Settings for type = AllocatedMemoryBlock
     /// Memory block backing this VMA.
@@ -113,16 +309,10 @@ struct VirtualMemoryArea {
  *  - http://duartes.org/gustavo/blog/post/page-cache-the-affair-between-memory-and-files/
  */
 class VMManager final {
+    using VMAMap = std::map<VAddr, VirtualMemoryArea>;
+
 public:
-    /**
-     * A map covering the entirety of the managed address space, keyed by the `base` field of each
-     * VMA. It must always be modified by splitting or merging VMAs, so that the invariant
-     * `elem.base + elem.size == next.base` is preserved, and mergeable regions must always be
-     * merged when possible so that no two similar and adjacent regions exist that have not been
-     * merged.
-     */
-    std::map<VAddr, VirtualMemoryArea> vma_map;
-    using VMAHandle = decltype(vma_map)::const_iterator;
+    using VMAHandle = VMAMap::const_iterator;
 
     VMManager();
     ~VMManager();
@@ -133,6 +323,9 @@ public:
     /// Finds the VMA in which the given address is included in, or `vma_map.end()`.
     VMAHandle FindVMA(VAddr target) const;
 
+    /// Indicates whether or not the given handle is within the VMA map.
+    bool IsValidHandle(VMAHandle handle) const;
+
     // TODO(yuriks): Should these functions actually return the handle?
 
     /**
@@ -189,8 +382,28 @@ public:
     ResultVal<VAddr> HeapAllocate(VAddr target, u64 size, VMAPermission perms);
     ResultCode HeapFree(VAddr target, u64 size);
 
-    ResultCode MirrorMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr src_addr, u64 size,
-                            MemoryState state = MemoryState::Mapped);
+    ResultCode MirrorMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr src_addr, u64 size, MemoryState state);
+
+    /// Queries the memory manager for information about the given address.
+    ///
+    /// @param address The address to query the memory manager about for information.
+    ///
+    /// @return A MemoryInfo instance containing information about the given address.
+    ///
+    MemoryInfo QueryMemory(VAddr address) const;
+
+    /// Sets an attribute across the given address range.
+    ///
+    /// @param address   The starting address
+    /// @param size      The size of the range to set the attribute on.
+    /// @param mask      The attribute mask
+    /// @param attribute The attribute to set across the given address range
+    ///
+    /// @returns RESULT_SUCCESS if successful
+    /// @returns ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE if the attribute could not be set.
+    ///
+    ResultCode SetMemoryAttribute(VAddr address, u64 size, MemoryAttribute mask,
+                                  MemoryAttribute attribute);
 
     /**
      * Scans all VMAs and updates the page table range of any that use the given vector as backing
@@ -281,7 +494,7 @@ public:
     Memory::PageTable page_table;
 
 private:
-    using VMAIter = decltype(vma_map)::iterator;
+    using VMAIter = VMAMap::iterator;
 
     /// Converts a VMAHandle to a mutable VMAIter.
     VMAIter StripIterConstness(const VMAHandle& iter);
@@ -328,6 +541,44 @@ private:
     /// Clears out the page table
     void ClearPageTable();
 
+    using CheckResults = ResultVal<std::tuple<MemoryState, VMAPermission, MemoryAttribute>>;
+
+    /// Checks if an address range adheres to the specified states provided.
+    ///
+    /// @param address         The starting address of the address range.
+    /// @param size            The size of the address range.
+    /// @param state_mask      The memory state mask.
+    /// @param state           The state to compare the individual VMA states against,
+    ///                        which is done in the form of: (vma.state & state_mask) != state.
+    /// @param permission_mask The memory permissions mask.
+    /// @param permissions     The permission to compare the individual VMA permissions against,
+    ///                        which is done in the form of:
+    ///                        (vma.permission & permission_mask) != permission.
+    /// @param attribute_mask  The memory attribute mask.
+    /// @param attribute       The memory attributes to compare the individual VMA attributes
+    ///                        against, which is done in the form of:
+    ///                        (vma.attributes & attribute_mask) != attribute.
+    /// @param ignore_mask     The memory attributes to ignore during the check.
+    ///
+    /// @returns If successful, returns a tuple containing the memory attributes
+    ///          (with ignored bits specified by ignore_mask unset), memory permissions, and
+    ///          memory state across the memory range.
+    /// @returns If not successful, returns ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE.
+    ///
+    CheckResults CheckRangeState(VAddr address, u64 size, MemoryState state_mask, MemoryState state,
+                                 VMAPermission permission_mask, VMAPermission permissions,
+                                 MemoryAttribute attribute_mask, MemoryAttribute attribute,
+                                 MemoryAttribute ignore_mask) const;
+
+    /**
+     * A map covering the entirety of the managed address space, keyed by the `base` field of each
+     * VMA. It must always be modified by splitting or merging VMAs, so that the invariant
+     * `elem.base + elem.size == next.base` is preserved, and mergeable regions must always be
+     * merged when possible so that no two similar and adjacent regions exist that have not been
+     * merged.
+     */
+    VMAMap vma_map;
+
     u32 address_space_width = 0;
     VAddr address_space_base = 0;
     VAddr address_space_end = 0;