core: Use a raw pointer in GetGPUDebugContext.

This helper is called very often. The memory ownership shall not be transfered, so just return the raw pointer.

.travis.yml

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ matrix:
       install: "./.travis/linux/deps.sh"
       script: "./.travis/linux/build.sh"
       after_success: "./.travis/linux/upload.sh"
+      cache: ccache
     - os: osx
       env: NAME="macos build"
       sudo: false
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ matrix:
       install: "./.travis/macos/deps.sh"
       script: "./.travis/macos/build.sh"
       after_success: "./.travis/macos/upload.sh"
+      cache: ccache
 
 deploy:
   provider: releases
@@ -42,7 +44,3 @@ notifications:
   webhooks:
     urls:
       - https://api.yuzu-emu.org/code/travis/notify
-
-cache:
-  directories:
-    - $HOME/.ccache

.travis/common/travis-ci.env

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# List of environment variables to be shared with Docker containers
+CI
+TRAVIS
+CONTINUOUS_INTEGRATION
+TRAVIS_BRANCH
+TRAVIS_BUILD_ID
+TRAVIS_BUILD_NUMBER
+TRAVIS_COMMIT
+TRAVIS_JOB_ID
+TRAVIS_JOB_NUMBER
+TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG
+TRAVIS_TAG

.travis/linux/build.sh

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 #!/bin/bash -ex
 
-docker run -e CCACHE_DIR=/ccache -v $HOME/.ccache:/ccache -v $(pwd):/yuzu ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash /yuzu/.travis/linux/docker.sh
+mkdir -p "$HOME/.ccache"
+docker run --env-file .travis/common/travis-ci.env -v $(pwd):/yuzu -v "$HOME/.ccache":/root/.ccache ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash /yuzu/.travis/linux/docker.sh

.travis/linux/docker.sh

@@ -5,14 +5,8 @@ apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y build-essential git libqt5opengl5-dev
 
 cd /yuzu
 
-export PATH=/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH
-ln -sf /usr/bin/ccache /usr/lib/ccache/cc
-ln -sf /usr/bin/ccache /usr/lib/ccache/c++
 mkdir build && cd build
-ccache --show-stats > ccache_before
-cmake .. -DYUZU_BUILD_UNICORN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -G Ninja
+cmake .. -DYUZU_BUILD_UNICORN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/lib/ccache/gcc -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/lib/ccache/g++ -DENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_LIST_DOWNLOAD=ON -G Ninja
 ninja
-ccache --show-stats > ccache_after
-diff -U100 ccache_before ccache_after || true
 
 ctest -VV -C Release

.travis/macos/build.sh

@@ -5,14 +5,11 @@ set -o pipefail
 export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.12
 export Qt5_DIR=$(brew --prefix)/opt/qt5
 export UNICORNDIR=$(pwd)/externals/unicorn
+export PATH="/usr/local/opt/ccache/libexec:$PATH"
 
 mkdir build && cd build
-export PATH=/usr/local/opt/ccache/libexec:$PATH
-ccache --show-stats > ccache_before
 cmake --version
-cmake .. -DYUZU_BUILD_UNICORN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+cmake .. -DYUZU_BUILD_UNICORN=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_LIST_DOWNLOAD=ON
 make -j4
-ccache --show-stats > ccache_after
-diff -U100 ccache_before ccache_after || true
 
 ctest -VV -C Release

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -41,6 +41,19 @@ function(check_submodules_present)
 endfunction()
 check_submodules_present()
 
+configure_file(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/dist/compatibility_list/compatibility_list.qrc
+               ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/dist/compatibility_list/compatibility_list.qrc
+               COPYONLY)
+if (ENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_LIST_DOWNLOAD AND NOT EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/dist/compatibility_list/compatibility_list.json)
+    message(STATUS "Downloading compatibility list for yuzu...")
+    file(DOWNLOAD
+        https://api.yuzu-emu.org/gamedb/
+        "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/dist/compatibility_list/compatibility_list.json" SHOW_PROGRESS)
+endif()
+if (NOT EXISTS ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/dist/compatibility_list/compatibility_list.json)
+    file(WRITE ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/dist/compatibility_list/compatibility_list.json "")
+endif()
+
 # Detect current compilation architecture and create standard definitions
 # =======================================================================
 

appveyor.yml

@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ before_build:
   - ps: |
         if ($env:BUILD_TYPE -eq 'msvc') {
           # redirect stderr and change the exit code to prevent powershell from cancelling the build if cmake prints a warning
-          cmd /C 'cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT=1 -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_SDL2=1 -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_UNICORN=1 .. 2>&1 && exit 0'
+          cmd /C 'cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_QT=1 -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_SDL2=1 -DYUZU_USE_BUNDLED_UNICORN=1 -DENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_LIST_DOWNLOAD=ON .. 2>&1 && exit 0'
         } else {
-          C:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc "cmake -G 'MSYS Makefiles' -DYUZU_BUILD_UNICORN=1 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .. 2>&1"
+          C:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc "cmake -G 'MSYS Makefiles' -DYUZU_BUILD_UNICORN=1 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DENABLE_COMPATIBILITY_LIST_DOWNLOAD=ON .. 2>&1"
         }
   - cd ..
 
@@ -162,10 +162,6 @@ artifacts:
   - path: $(BUILD_ZIP)
     name: build
     type: zip
-  - path: $(BUILD_SYMBOLS)
-    name: debugsymbols
-  - path: $(BUILD_UPDATE)
-    name: update
 
 deploy:
   provider: GitHub

dist/compatibility_list/compatibility_list.qrc

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<RCC>
+  <qresource prefix="compatibility_list">
+      <file>compatibility_list.json</file>
+  </qresource>
+</RCC>

src/common/file_util.cpp

@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ size_t ReadFileToString(bool text_file, const char* filename, std::string& str)
     IOFile file(filename, text_file ? "r" : "rb");
 
     if (!file.IsOpen())
-        return false;
+        return 0;
 
     str.resize(static_cast<u32>(file.GetSize()));
     return file.ReadArray(&str[0], str.size());

src/common/hex_util.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include "common/hex_util.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
 
 namespace Common {
 
@@ -13,18 +14,29 @@ u8 ToHexNibble(char c1) {
         return c1 - 87;
     if (c1 >= 48 && c1 <= 57)
         return c1 - 48;
-    throw std::logic_error("Invalid hex digit");
+    LOG_ERROR(Common, "Invalid hex digit: 0x{:02X}", c1);
+    return 0;
 }
 
 std::array<u8, 16> operator""_array16(const char* str, size_t len) {
-    if (len != 32)
-        throw std::logic_error("Not of correct size.");
+    if (len != 32) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Common,
+                  "Attempting to parse string to array that is not of correct size (expected=32, "
+                  "actual={}).",
+                  len);
+        return {};
+    }
     return HexStringToArray<16>(str);
 }
 
 std::array<u8, 32> operator""_array32(const char* str, size_t len) {
-    if (len != 64)
-        throw std::logic_error("Not of correct size.");
+    if (len != 64) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Common,
+                  "Attempting to parse string to array that is not of correct size (expected=64, "
+                  "actual={}).",
+                  len);
+        return {};
+    }
     return HexStringToArray<32>(str);
 }
 

src/core/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     crypto/key_manager.h
     crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.cpp
     crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.h
+    crypto/xts_encryption_layer.cpp
+    crypto/xts_encryption_layer.h
     file_sys/bis_factory.cpp
     file_sys/bis_factory.h
     file_sys/card_image.cpp
@@ -57,6 +59,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     file_sys/vfs_real.h
     file_sys/vfs_vector.cpp
     file_sys/vfs_vector.h
+    file_sys/xts_archive.cpp
+    file_sys/xts_archive.h
     frontend/emu_window.cpp
     frontend/emu_window.h
     frontend/framebuffer_layout.cpp
@@ -347,6 +351,8 @@ add_library(core STATIC
     loader/linker.h
     loader/loader.cpp
     loader/loader.h
+    loader/nax.cpp
+    loader/nax.h
     loader/nca.cpp
     loader/nca.h
     loader/nro.cpp

src/core/arm/arm_interface.h

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h"
 
+namespace Core {
+
 /// Generic ARM11 CPU interface
 class ARM_Interface : NonCopyable {
 public:
@@ -122,3 +124,5 @@ public:
     /// Prepare core for thread reschedule (if needed to correctly handle state)
     virtual void PrepareReschedule() = 0;
 };
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.cpp

@@ -9,11 +9,14 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_cpu.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 
+namespace Core {
+
 using Vector = Dynarmic::A64::Vector;
 
 class ARM_Dynarmic_Callbacks : public Dynarmic::A64::UserCallbacks {
@@ -300,3 +303,5 @@ bool DynarmicExclusiveMonitor::ExclusiveWrite128(size_t core_index, VAddr vaddr,
         Memory::Write64(vaddr, value[1]);
     });
 }
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/arm/dynarmic/arm_dynarmic.h

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
 #include "core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.h"
 
+namespace Core {
+
 class ARM_Dynarmic_Callbacks;
 class DynarmicExclusiveMonitor;
 
@@ -81,3 +83,5 @@ private:
     friend class ARM_Dynarmic;
     Dynarmic::A64::ExclusiveMonitor monitor;
 };
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/arm/exclusive_monitor.cpp

@@ -4,4 +4,8 @@
 
 #include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
 
+namespace Core {
+
 ExclusiveMonitor::~ExclusiveMonitor() = default;
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 
+namespace Core {
+
 class ExclusiveMonitor {
 public:
     virtual ~ExclusiveMonitor();
@@ -19,3 +21,5 @@ public:
     virtual bool ExclusiveWrite64(size_t core_index, VAddr vaddr, u64 value) = 0;
     virtual bool ExclusiveWrite128(size_t core_index, VAddr vaddr, u128 value) = 0;
 };
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc.h"
 
+namespace Core {
+
 // Load Unicorn DLL once on Windows using RAII
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 #include <unicorn_dynload.h>
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ void ARM_Unicorn::ExecuteInstructions(int num_instructions) {
     }
 }
 
-void ARM_Unicorn::SaveContext(ARM_Interface::ThreadContext& ctx) {
+void ARM_Unicorn::SaveContext(ThreadContext& ctx) {
     int uregs[32];
     void* tregs[32];
 
@@ -238,7 +240,7 @@ void ARM_Unicorn::SaveContext(ARM_Interface::ThreadContext& ctx) {
     CHECKED(uc_reg_read_batch(uc, uregs, tregs, 32));
 }
 
-void ARM_Unicorn::LoadContext(const ARM_Interface::ThreadContext& ctx) {
+void ARM_Unicorn::LoadContext(const ThreadContext& ctx) {
     int uregs[32];
     void* tregs[32];
 
@@ -277,3 +279,5 @@ void ARM_Unicorn::RecordBreak(GDBStub::BreakpointAddress bkpt) {
     last_bkpt = bkpt;
     last_bkpt_hit = true;
 }
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/arm/unicorn/arm_unicorn.h

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 #include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
 #include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
 
+namespace Core {
+
 class ARM_Unicorn final : public ARM_Interface {
 public:
     ARM_Unicorn();
@@ -46,3 +48,5 @@ private:
     GDBStub::BreakpointAddress last_bkpt{};
     bool last_bkpt_hit;
 };
+
+} // namespace Core

src/core/core.cpp

@@ -2,24 +2,36 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <array>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <thread>
 #include <utility>
+
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
+#include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_cpu.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/mode.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_concat.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_real.h"
 #include "core/gdbstub/gdbstub.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/client_port.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/controller.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/sm/sm.h"
 #include "core/loader/loader.h"
+#include "core/perf_stats.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
-#include "file_sys/vfs_concat.h"
-#include "file_sys/vfs_real.h"
+#include "core/telemetry_session.h"
+#include "video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h"
+#include "video_core/gpu.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
 #include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
@@ -27,71 +39,9 @@ namespace Core {
 
 /*static*/ System System::s_instance;
 
-System::System() = default;
-
-System::~System() = default;
-
-/// Runs a CPU core while the system is powered on
-static void RunCpuCore(std::shared_ptr<Cpu> cpu_state) {
-    while (Core::System::GetInstance().IsPoweredOn()) {
-        cpu_state->RunLoop(true);
-    }
-}
-
-Cpu& System::CurrentCpuCore() {
-    // If multicore is enabled, use host thread to figure out the current CPU core
-    if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
-        const auto& search = thread_to_cpu.find(std::this_thread::get_id());
-        ASSERT(search != thread_to_cpu.end());
-        ASSERT(search->second);
-        return *search->second;
-    }
-
-    // Otherwise, use single-threaded mode active_core variable
-    return *cpu_cores[active_core];
-}
-
-System::ResultStatus System::RunLoop(bool tight_loop) {
-    status = ResultStatus::Success;
-
-    // Update thread_to_cpu in case Core 0 is run from a different host thread
-    thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cpu_cores[0];
-
-    if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
-        GDBStub::HandlePacket();
-
-        // If the loop is halted and we want to step, use a tiny (1) number of instructions to
-        // execute. Otherwise, get out of the loop function.
-        if (GDBStub::GetCpuHaltFlag()) {
-            if (GDBStub::GetCpuStepFlag()) {
-                tight_loop = false;
-            } else {
-                return ResultStatus::Success;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (active_core = 0; active_core < NUM_CPU_CORES; ++active_core) {
-        cpu_cores[active_core]->RunLoop(tight_loop);
-        if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
-            // Cores 1-3 are run on other threads in this mode
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
-        GDBStub::SetCpuStepFlag(false);
-    }
-
-    return status;
-}
-
-System::ResultStatus System::SingleStep() {
-    return RunLoop(false);
-}
-
-static FileSys::VirtualFile GetGameFileFromPath(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs,
-                                                const std::string& path) {
+namespace {
+FileSys::VirtualFile GetGameFileFromPath(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs,
+                                         const std::string& path) {
     // To account for split 00+01+etc files.
     std::string dir_name;
     std::string filename;
@@ -121,168 +71,402 @@ static FileSys::VirtualFile GetGameFileFromPath(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem
     return vfs->OpenFile(path, FileSys::Mode::Read);
 }
 
-System::ResultStatus System::Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath) {
-    app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath));
-
-    if (!app_loader) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to obtain loader for {}!", filepath);
-        return ResultStatus::ErrorGetLoader;
+/// Runs a CPU core while the system is powered on
+void RunCpuCore(std::shared_ptr<Cpu> cpu_state) {
+    while (Core::System::GetInstance().IsPoweredOn()) {
+        cpu_state->RunLoop(true);
     }
-    std::pair<boost::optional<u32>, Loader::ResultStatus> system_mode =
-        app_loader->LoadKernelSystemMode();
+}
+} // Anonymous namespace
 
-    if (system_mode.second != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to determine system mode (Error {})!",
-                     static_cast<int>(system_mode.second));
+struct System::Impl {
+    Cpu& CurrentCpuCore() {
+        if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+            const auto& search = thread_to_cpu.find(std::this_thread::get_id());
+            ASSERT(search != thread_to_cpu.end());
+            ASSERT(search->second);
+            return *search->second;
+        }
+
+        // Otherwise, use single-threaded mode active_core variable
+        return *cpu_cores[active_core];
+    }
+
+    ResultStatus RunLoop(bool tight_loop) {
+        status = ResultStatus::Success;
+
+        // Update thread_to_cpu in case Core 0 is run from a different host thread
+        thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cpu_cores[0];
+
+        if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
+            GDBStub::HandlePacket();
+
+            // If the loop is halted and we want to step, use a tiny (1) number of instructions to
+            // execute. Otherwise, get out of the loop function.
+            if (GDBStub::GetCpuHaltFlag()) {
+                if (GDBStub::GetCpuStepFlag()) {
+                    tight_loop = false;
+                } else {
+                    return ResultStatus::Success;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (active_core = 0; active_core < NUM_CPU_CORES; ++active_core) {
+            cpu_cores[active_core]->RunLoop(tight_loop);
+            if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+                // Cores 1-3 are run on other threads in this mode
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (GDBStub::IsServerEnabled()) {
+            GDBStub::SetCpuStepFlag(false);
+        }
+
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    ResultStatus Init(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window) {
+        LOG_DEBUG(HW_Memory, "initialized OK");
+
+        CoreTiming::Init();
+        kernel.Initialize();
+
+        // Create a default fs if one doesn't already exist.
+        if (virtual_filesystem == nullptr)
+            virtual_filesystem = std::make_shared<FileSys::RealVfsFilesystem>();
+
+        current_process = Kernel::Process::Create(kernel, "main");
+
+        cpu_barrier = std::make_shared<CpuBarrier>();
+        cpu_exclusive_monitor = Cpu::MakeExclusiveMonitor(cpu_cores.size());
+        for (size_t index = 0; index < cpu_cores.size(); ++index) {
+            cpu_cores[index] = std::make_shared<Cpu>(cpu_exclusive_monitor, cpu_barrier, index);
+        }
+
+        telemetry_session = std::make_unique<Core::TelemetrySession>();
+        service_manager = std::make_shared<Service::SM::ServiceManager>();
+
+        Service::Init(service_manager, virtual_filesystem);
+        GDBStub::Init();
+
+        renderer = VideoCore::CreateRenderer(emu_window);
+        if (!renderer->Init()) {
+            return ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore;
+        }
+
+        gpu_core = std::make_unique<Tegra::GPU>(renderer->Rasterizer());
+
+        // Create threads for CPU cores 1-3, and build thread_to_cpu map
+        // CPU core 0 is run on the main thread
+        thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cpu_cores[0];
+        if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+            for (size_t index = 0; index < cpu_core_threads.size(); ++index) {
+                cpu_core_threads[index] =
+                    std::make_unique<std::thread>(RunCpuCore, cpu_cores[index + 1]);
+                thread_to_cpu[cpu_core_threads[index]->get_id()] = cpu_cores[index + 1];
+            }
+        }
+
+        LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Initialized OK");
+
+        // Reset counters and set time origin to current frame
+        GetAndResetPerfStats();
+        perf_stats.BeginSystemFrame();
+
+        return ResultStatus::Success;
+    }
+
+    ResultStatus Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath) {
+        app_loader = Loader::GetLoader(GetGameFileFromPath(virtual_filesystem, filepath));
+
+        if (!app_loader) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to obtain loader for {}!", filepath);
+            return ResultStatus::ErrorGetLoader;
+        }
+        std::pair<boost::optional<u32>, Loader::ResultStatus> system_mode =
+            app_loader->LoadKernelSystemMode();
+
+        if (system_mode.second != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to determine system mode (Error {})!",
+                         static_cast<int>(system_mode.second));
 
-        if (system_mode.second != Loader::ResultStatus::Success)
             return ResultStatus::ErrorSystemMode;
-    }
+        }
 
-    ResultStatus init_result{Init(emu_window)};
-    if (init_result != ResultStatus::Success) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to initialize system (Error {})!",
-                     static_cast<int>(init_result));
-        System::Shutdown();
-        return init_result;
-    }
-
-    const Loader::ResultStatus load_result{app_loader->Load(current_process)};
-    if (Loader::ResultStatus::Success != load_result) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to load ROM (Error {})!", static_cast<int>(load_result));
-        System::Shutdown();
+        ResultStatus init_result{Init(emu_window)};
+        if (init_result != ResultStatus::Success) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to initialize system (Error {})!",
+                         static_cast<int>(init_result));
+            Shutdown();
+            return init_result;
+        }
 
+        const Loader::ResultStatus load_result{app_loader->Load(current_process)};
         if (load_result != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+            LOG_CRITICAL(Core, "Failed to load ROM (Error {})!", static_cast<int>(load_result));
+            Shutdown();
+
             return static_cast<ResultStatus>(static_cast<u32>(ResultStatus::ErrorLoader) +
                                              static_cast<u32>(load_result));
         }
+        status = ResultStatus::Success;
+        return status;
     }
-    status = ResultStatus::Success;
-    return status;
+
+    void Shutdown() {
+        // Log last frame performance stats
+        auto perf_results = GetAndResetPerfStats();
+        Telemetry().AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::Performance, "Shutdown_EmulationSpeed",
+                             perf_results.emulation_speed * 100.0);
+        Telemetry().AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::Performance, "Shutdown_Framerate",
+                             perf_results.game_fps);
+        Telemetry().AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::Performance, "Shutdown_Frametime",
+                             perf_results.frametime * 1000.0);
+
+        // Shutdown emulation session
+        renderer.reset();
+        GDBStub::Shutdown();
+        Service::Shutdown();
+        service_manager.reset();
+        telemetry_session.reset();
+        gpu_core.reset();
+
+        // Close all CPU/threading state
+        cpu_barrier->NotifyEnd();
+        if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
+            for (auto& thread : cpu_core_threads) {
+                thread->join();
+                thread.reset();
+            }
+        }
+        thread_to_cpu.clear();
+        for (auto& cpu_core : cpu_cores) {
+            cpu_core.reset();
+        }
+        cpu_barrier.reset();
+
+        // Shutdown kernel and core timing
+        kernel.Shutdown();
+        CoreTiming::Shutdown();
+
+        // Close app loader
+        app_loader.reset();
+
+        LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Shutdown OK");
+    }
+
+    Loader::ResultStatus GetGameName(std::string& out) const {
+        if (app_loader == nullptr)
+            return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNotInitialized;
+        return app_loader->ReadTitle(out);
+    }
+
+    void SetStatus(ResultStatus new_status, const char* details = nullptr) {
+        status = new_status;
+        if (details) {
+            status_details = details;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PerfStatsResults GetAndResetPerfStats() {
+        return perf_stats.GetAndResetStats(CoreTiming::GetGlobalTimeUs());
+    }
+
+    Kernel::KernelCore kernel;
+    /// RealVfsFilesystem instance
+    FileSys::VirtualFilesystem virtual_filesystem;
+    /// AppLoader used to load the current executing application
+    std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> app_loader;
+    std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer;
+    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> gpu_core;
+    std::shared_ptr<Tegra::DebugContext> debug_context;
+    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Process> current_process;
+    std::shared_ptr<ExclusiveMonitor> cpu_exclusive_monitor;
+    std::shared_ptr<CpuBarrier> cpu_barrier;
+    std::array<std::shared_ptr<Cpu>, NUM_CPU_CORES> cpu_cores;
+    std::array<std::unique_ptr<std::thread>, NUM_CPU_CORES - 1> cpu_core_threads;
+    size_t active_core{}; ///< Active core, only used in single thread mode
+
+    /// Service manager
+    std::shared_ptr<Service::SM::ServiceManager> service_manager;
+
+    /// Telemetry session for this emulation session
+    std::unique_ptr<Core::TelemetrySession> telemetry_session;
+
+    ResultStatus status = ResultStatus::Success;
+    std::string status_details = "";
+
+    /// Map of guest threads to CPU cores
+    std::map<std::thread::id, std::shared_ptr<Cpu>> thread_to_cpu;
+
+    Core::PerfStats perf_stats;
+    Core::FrameLimiter frame_limiter;
+};
+
+System::System() : impl{std::make_unique<Impl>()} {}
+System::~System() = default;
+
+Cpu& System::CurrentCpuCore() {
+    return impl->CurrentCpuCore();
+}
+
+System::ResultStatus System::RunLoop(bool tight_loop) {
+    return impl->RunLoop(tight_loop);
+}
+
+System::ResultStatus System::SingleStep() {
+    return RunLoop(false);
+}
+
+void System::InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches() {
+    for (auto& cpu : impl->cpu_cores) {
+        cpu->ArmInterface().ClearInstructionCache();
+    }
+}
+
+System::ResultStatus System::Load(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window, const std::string& filepath) {
+    return impl->Load(emu_window, filepath);
+}
+
+bool System::IsPoweredOn() const {
+    return impl->cpu_barrier && impl->cpu_barrier->IsAlive();
 }
 
 void System::PrepareReschedule() {
     CurrentCpuCore().PrepareReschedule();
 }
 
-PerfStats::Results System::GetAndResetPerfStats() {
-    return perf_stats.GetAndResetStats(CoreTiming::GetGlobalTimeUs());
+PerfStatsResults System::GetAndResetPerfStats() {
+    return impl->GetAndResetPerfStats();
+}
+
+Core::TelemetrySession& System::TelemetrySession() const {
+    return *impl->telemetry_session;
+}
+
+ARM_Interface& System::CurrentArmInterface() {
+    return CurrentCpuCore().ArmInterface();
+}
+
+size_t System::CurrentCoreIndex() {
+    return CurrentCpuCore().CoreIndex();
+}
+
+Kernel::Scheduler& System::CurrentScheduler() {
+    return *CurrentCpuCore().Scheduler();
 }
 
 const std::shared_ptr<Kernel::Scheduler>& System::Scheduler(size_t core_index) {
     ASSERT(core_index < NUM_CPU_CORES);
-    return cpu_cores[core_index]->Scheduler();
+    return impl->cpu_cores[core_index]->Scheduler();
+}
+
+Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Process>& System::CurrentProcess() {
+    return impl->current_process;
 }
 
 ARM_Interface& System::ArmInterface(size_t core_index) {
     ASSERT(core_index < NUM_CPU_CORES);
-    return cpu_cores[core_index]->ArmInterface();
+    return impl->cpu_cores[core_index]->ArmInterface();
 }
 
 Cpu& System::CpuCore(size_t core_index) {
     ASSERT(core_index < NUM_CPU_CORES);
-    return *cpu_cores[core_index];
+    return *impl->cpu_cores[core_index];
+}
+
+ExclusiveMonitor& System::Monitor() {
+    return *impl->cpu_exclusive_monitor;
+}
+
+Tegra::GPU& System::GPU() {
+    return *impl->gpu_core;
+}
+
+const Tegra::GPU& System::GPU() const {
+    return *impl->gpu_core;
+}
+
+VideoCore::RendererBase& System::Renderer() {
+    return *impl->renderer;
+}
+
+const VideoCore::RendererBase& System::Renderer() const {
+    return *impl->renderer;
+}
+
+Kernel::KernelCore& System::Kernel() {
+    return impl->kernel;
+}
+
+const Kernel::KernelCore& System::Kernel() const {
+    return impl->kernel;
+}
+
+Core::PerfStats& System::GetPerfStats() {
+    return impl->perf_stats;
+}
+
+const Core::PerfStats& System::GetPerfStats() const {
+    return impl->perf_stats;
+}
+
+Core::FrameLimiter& System::FrameLimiter() {
+    return impl->frame_limiter;
+}
+
+const Core::FrameLimiter& System::FrameLimiter() const {
+    return impl->frame_limiter;
+}
+
+Loader::ResultStatus System::GetGameName(std::string& out) const {
+    return impl->GetGameName(out);
+}
+
+void System::SetStatus(ResultStatus new_status, const char* details) {
+    impl->SetStatus(new_status, details);
+}
+
+const std::string& System::GetStatusDetails() const {
+    return impl->status_details;
+}
+
+Loader::AppLoader& System::GetAppLoader() const {
+    return *impl->app_loader;
+}
+
+void System::SetGPUDebugContext(std::shared_ptr<Tegra::DebugContext> context) {
+    impl->debug_context = std::move(context);
+}
+
+Tegra::DebugContext* System::GetGPUDebugContext() const {
+    return impl->debug_context.get();
+}
+
+void System::SetFilesystem(std::shared_ptr<FileSys::VfsFilesystem> vfs) {
+    impl->virtual_filesystem = std::move(vfs);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<FileSys::VfsFilesystem> System::GetFilesystem() const {
+    return impl->virtual_filesystem;
 }
 
 System::ResultStatus System::Init(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window) {
-    LOG_DEBUG(HW_Memory, "initialized OK");
-
-    CoreTiming::Init();
-
-    // Create a default fs if one doesn't already exist.
-    if (virtual_filesystem == nullptr)
-        virtual_filesystem = std::make_shared<FileSys::RealVfsFilesystem>();
-
-    current_process = Kernel::Process::Create("main");
-
-    cpu_barrier = std::make_shared<CpuBarrier>();
-    cpu_exclusive_monitor = Cpu::MakeExclusiveMonitor(cpu_cores.size());
-    for (size_t index = 0; index < cpu_cores.size(); ++index) {
-        cpu_cores[index] = std::make_shared<Cpu>(cpu_exclusive_monitor, cpu_barrier, index);
-    }
-
-    telemetry_session = std::make_unique<Core::TelemetrySession>();
-    service_manager = std::make_shared<Service::SM::ServiceManager>();
-
-    Kernel::Init();
-    Service::Init(service_manager, virtual_filesystem);
-    GDBStub::Init();
-
-    renderer = VideoCore::CreateRenderer(emu_window);
-    if (!renderer->Init()) {
-        return ResultStatus::ErrorVideoCore;
-    }
-
-    gpu_core = std::make_unique<Tegra::GPU>(renderer->Rasterizer());
-
-    // Create threads for CPU cores 1-3, and build thread_to_cpu map
-    // CPU core 0 is run on the main thread
-    thread_to_cpu[std::this_thread::get_id()] = cpu_cores[0];
-    if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
-        for (size_t index = 0; index < cpu_core_threads.size(); ++index) {
-            cpu_core_threads[index] =
-                std::make_unique<std::thread>(RunCpuCore, cpu_cores[index + 1]);
-            thread_to_cpu[cpu_core_threads[index]->get_id()] = cpu_cores[index + 1];
-        }
-    }
-
-    LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Initialized OK");
-
-    // Reset counters and set time origin to current frame
-    GetAndResetPerfStats();
-    perf_stats.BeginSystemFrame();
-
-    return ResultStatus::Success;
+    return impl->Init(emu_window);
 }
 
 void System::Shutdown() {
-    // Log last frame performance stats
-    auto perf_results = GetAndResetPerfStats();
-    Telemetry().AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::Performance, "Shutdown_EmulationSpeed",
-                         perf_results.emulation_speed * 100.0);
-    Telemetry().AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::Performance, "Shutdown_Framerate",
-                         perf_results.game_fps);
-    Telemetry().AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::Performance, "Shutdown_Frametime",
-                         perf_results.frametime * 1000.0);
-
-    // Shutdown emulation session
-    renderer.reset();
-    GDBStub::Shutdown();
-    Service::Shutdown();
-    Kernel::Shutdown();
-    service_manager.reset();
-    telemetry_session.reset();
-    gpu_core.reset();
-
-    // Close all CPU/threading state
-    cpu_barrier->NotifyEnd();
-    if (Settings::values.use_multi_core) {
-        for (auto& thread : cpu_core_threads) {
-            thread->join();
-            thread.reset();
-        }
-    }
-    thread_to_cpu.clear();
-    for (auto& cpu_core : cpu_cores) {
-        cpu_core.reset();
-    }
-    cpu_barrier.reset();
-
-    // Close core timing
-    CoreTiming::Shutdown();
-
-    // Close app loader
-    app_loader.reset();
-
-    LOG_DEBUG(Core, "Shutdown OK");
+    impl->Shutdown();
 }
 
 Service::SM::ServiceManager& System::ServiceManager() {
-    return *service_manager;
+    return *impl->service_manager;
 }
 
 const Service::SM::ServiceManager& System::ServiceManager() const {
-    return *service_manager;
+    return *impl->service_manager;
 }
 
 } // namespace Core

src/core/core.h

@@ -4,40 +4,56 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
-#include <thread>
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
-#include "core/core_cpu.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h"
-#include "core/loader/loader.h"
-#include "core/memory.h"
-#include "core/perf_stats.h"
-#include "core/telemetry_session.h"
-#include "file_sys/vfs_real.h"
-#include "hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.h"
-#include "video_core/debug_utils/debug_utils.h"
-#include "video_core/gpu.h"
 
-class ARM_Interface;
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 
 namespace Core::Frontend {
 class EmuWindow;
-}
+} // namespace Core::Frontend
+
+namespace FileSys {
+class VfsFilesystem;
+} // namespace FileSys
+
+namespace Kernel {
+class KernelCore;
+class Process;
+class Scheduler;
+} // namespace Kernel
+
+namespace Loader {
+class AppLoader;
+enum class ResultStatus : u16;
+} // namespace Loader
 
 namespace Service::SM {
 class ServiceManager;
-}
+} // namespace Service::SM
+
+namespace Tegra {
+class DebugContext;
+class GPU;
+} // namespace Tegra
 
 namespace VideoCore {
 class RendererBase;
-}
+} // namespace VideoCore
 
 namespace Core {
 
+class ARM_Interface;
+class Cpu;
+class ExclusiveMonitor;
+class FrameLimiter;
+class PerfStats;
+class TelemetrySession;
+
+struct PerfStatsResults;
+
 class System {
 public:
     System(const System&) = delete;
@@ -92,11 +108,7 @@ public:
      * This function should only be used by GDB Stub to support breakpoints, memory updates and
      * step/continue commands.
      */
-    void InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches() {
-        for (auto& cpu : cpu_cores) {
-            cpu->ArmInterface().ClearInstructionCache();
-        }
-    }
+    void InvalidateCpuInstructionCaches();
 
     /// Shutdown the emulated system.
     void Shutdown();
@@ -115,33 +127,28 @@ public:
      * application).
      * @returns True if the emulated system is powered on, otherwise false.
      */
-    bool IsPoweredOn() const {
-        return cpu_barrier && cpu_barrier->IsAlive();
-    }
+    bool IsPoweredOn() const;
 
     /**
      * Returns a reference to the telemetry session for this emulation session.
      * @returns Reference to the telemetry session.
      */
-    Core::TelemetrySession& TelemetrySession() const {
-        return *telemetry_session;
-    }
+    Core::TelemetrySession& TelemetrySession() const;
 
     /// Prepare the core emulation for a reschedule
     void PrepareReschedule();
 
     /// Gets and resets core performance statistics
-    PerfStats::Results GetAndResetPerfStats();
+    PerfStatsResults GetAndResetPerfStats();
 
     /// Gets an ARM interface to the CPU core that is currently running
-    ARM_Interface& CurrentArmInterface() {
-        return CurrentCpuCore().ArmInterface();
-    }
+    ARM_Interface& CurrentArmInterface();
 
     /// Gets the index of the currently running CPU core
-    size_t CurrentCoreIndex() {
-        return CurrentCpuCore().CoreIndex();
-    }
+    size_t CurrentCoreIndex();
+
+    /// Gets the scheduler for the CPU core that is currently running
+    Kernel::Scheduler& CurrentScheduler();
 
     /// Gets an ARM interface to the CPU core with the specified index
     ARM_Interface& ArmInterface(size_t core_index);
@@ -149,80 +156,64 @@ public:
     /// Gets a CPU interface to the CPU core with the specified index
     Cpu& CpuCore(size_t core_index);
 
+    /// Gets the exclusive monitor
+    ExclusiveMonitor& Monitor();
+
     /// Gets a mutable reference to the GPU interface
-    Tegra::GPU& GPU() {
-        return *gpu_core;
-    }
+    Tegra::GPU& GPU();
 
     /// Gets an immutable reference to the GPU interface.
-    const Tegra::GPU& GPU() const {
-        return *gpu_core;
-    }
+    const Tegra::GPU& GPU() const;
 
     /// Gets a mutable reference to the renderer.
-    VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() {
-        return *renderer;
-    }
+    VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer();
 
     /// Gets an immutable reference to the renderer.
-    const VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() const {
-        return *renderer;
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the scheduler for the CPU core that is currently running
-    Kernel::Scheduler& CurrentScheduler() {
-        return *CurrentCpuCore().Scheduler();
-    }
-
-    /// Gets the exclusive monitor
-    ExclusiveMonitor& Monitor() {
-        return *cpu_exclusive_monitor;
-    }
+    const VideoCore::RendererBase& Renderer() const;
 
     /// Gets the scheduler for the CPU core with the specified index
     const std::shared_ptr<Kernel::Scheduler>& Scheduler(size_t core_index);
 
     /// Gets the current process
-    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Process>& CurrentProcess() {
-        return current_process;
-    }
+    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Process>& CurrentProcess();
 
-    PerfStats perf_stats;
-    FrameLimiter frame_limiter;
+    /// Provides a reference to the kernel instance.
+    Kernel::KernelCore& Kernel();
 
-    void SetStatus(ResultStatus new_status, const char* details = nullptr) {
-        status = new_status;
-        if (details) {
-            status_details = details;
-        }
-    }
+    /// Provides a constant reference to the kernel instance.
+    const Kernel::KernelCore& Kernel() const;
 
-    const std::string& GetStatusDetails() const {
-        return status_details;
-    }
+    /// Provides a reference to the internal PerfStats instance.
+    Core::PerfStats& GetPerfStats();
 
-    Loader::AppLoader& GetAppLoader() const {
-        return *app_loader;
-    }
+    /// Provides a constant reference to the internal PerfStats instance.
+    const Core::PerfStats& GetPerfStats() const;
+
+    /// Provides a reference to the frame limiter;
+    Core::FrameLimiter& FrameLimiter();
+
+    /// Provides a constant referent to the frame limiter
+    const Core::FrameLimiter& FrameLimiter() const;
+
+    /// Gets the name of the current game
+    Loader::ResultStatus GetGameName(std::string& out) const;
+
+    void SetStatus(ResultStatus new_status, const char* details);
+
+    const std::string& GetStatusDetails() const;
+
+    Loader::AppLoader& GetAppLoader() const;
 
     Service::SM::ServiceManager& ServiceManager();
     const Service::SM::ServiceManager& ServiceManager() const;
 
-    void SetGPUDebugContext(std::shared_ptr<Tegra::DebugContext> context) {
-        debug_context = std::move(context);
-    }
+    void SetGPUDebugContext(std::shared_ptr<Tegra::DebugContext> context);
 
-    std::shared_ptr<Tegra::DebugContext> GetGPUDebugContext() const {
-        return debug_context;
-    }
+    Tegra::DebugContext* GetGPUDebugContext() const;
 
-    void SetFilesystem(FileSys::VirtualFilesystem vfs) {
-        virtual_filesystem = std::move(vfs);
-    }
+    void SetFilesystem(std::shared_ptr<FileSys::VfsFilesystem> vfs);
 
-    FileSys::VirtualFilesystem GetFilesystem() const {
-        return virtual_filesystem;
-    }
+    std::shared_ptr<FileSys::VfsFilesystem> GetFilesystem() const;
 
 private:
     System();
@@ -238,33 +229,10 @@ private:
      */
     ResultStatus Init(Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window);
 
-    /// RealVfsFilesystem instance
-    FileSys::VirtualFilesystem virtual_filesystem;
-    /// AppLoader used to load the current executing application
-    std::unique_ptr<Loader::AppLoader> app_loader;
-    std::unique_ptr<VideoCore::RendererBase> renderer;
-    std::unique_ptr<Tegra::GPU> gpu_core;
-    std::shared_ptr<Tegra::DebugContext> debug_context;
-    Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Process> current_process;
-    std::shared_ptr<ExclusiveMonitor> cpu_exclusive_monitor;
-    std::shared_ptr<CpuBarrier> cpu_barrier;
-    std::array<std::shared_ptr<Cpu>, NUM_CPU_CORES> cpu_cores;
-    std::array<std::unique_ptr<std::thread>, NUM_CPU_CORES - 1> cpu_core_threads;
-    size_t active_core{}; ///< Active core, only used in single thread mode
-
-    /// Service manager
-    std::shared_ptr<Service::SM::ServiceManager> service_manager;
-
-    /// Telemetry session for this emulation session
-    std::unique_ptr<Core::TelemetrySession> telemetry_session;
+    struct Impl;
+    std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl;
 
     static System s_instance;
-
-    ResultStatus status = ResultStatus::Success;
-    std::string status_details = "";
-
-    /// Map of guest threads to CPU cores
-    std::map<std::thread::id, std::shared_ptr<Cpu>> thread_to_cpu;
 };
 
 inline ARM_Interface& CurrentArmInterface() {

src/core/core_cpu.h

@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
 
-class ARM_Interface;
-
 namespace Kernel {
 class Scheduler;
 }
 
 namespace Core {
 
+class ARM_Interface;
+
 constexpr unsigned NUM_CPU_CORES{4};
 
 class CpuBarrier {

src/core/crypto/aes_util.cpp

@@ -99,10 +99,7 @@ void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::Transcode(const u8* src, size_t size, u8* dest, Op
 template <typename Key, size_t KeySize>
 void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::XTSTranscode(const u8* src, size_t size, u8* dest, size_t sector_id,
                                            size_t sector_size, Op op) {
-    if (size % sector_size > 0) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Crypto, "Data size must be a multiple of sector size.");
-        return;
-    }
+    ASSERT_MSG(size % sector_size == 0, "XTS decryption size must be a multiple of sector size.");
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += sector_size) {
         SetIV(CalculateNintendoTweak(sector_id++));
@@ -112,4 +109,4 @@ void AESCipher<Key, KeySize>::XTSTranscode(const u8* src, size_t size, u8* dest,
 
 template class AESCipher<Key128>;
 template class AESCipher<Key256>;
-} // namespace Core::Crypto
+} // namespace Core::Crypto

src/core/crypto/ctr_encryption_layer.cpp

@@ -20,10 +20,8 @@ size_t CTREncryptionLayer::Read(u8* data, size_t length, size_t offset) const {
     if (sector_offset == 0) {
         UpdateIV(base_offset + offset);
         std::vector<u8> raw = base->ReadBytes(length, offset);
-        if (raw.size() != length)
-            return Read(data, raw.size(), offset);
-        cipher.Transcode(raw.data(), length, data, Op::Decrypt);
-        return length;
+        cipher.Transcode(raw.data(), raw.size(), data, Op::Decrypt);
+        return raw.size();
     }
 
     // offset does not fall on block boundary (0x10)
@@ -34,7 +32,7 @@ size_t CTREncryptionLayer::Read(u8* data, size_t length, size_t offset) const {
 
     if (length + sector_offset < 0x10) {
         std::memcpy(data, block.data() + sector_offset, std::min<u64>(length, read));
-        return read;
+        return std::min<u64>(length, read);
     }
     std::memcpy(data, block.data() + sector_offset, read);
     return read + Read(data + read, length - read, offset + read);

src/core/crypto/key_manager.cpp

@@ -12,11 +12,112 @@
 #include "common/file_util.h"
 #include "common/hex_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
 #include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
 
 namespace Core::Crypto {
 
+Key128 GenerateKeyEncryptionKey(Key128 source, Key128 master, Key128 kek_seed, Key128 key_seed) {
+    Key128 out{};
+
+    AESCipher<Key128> cipher1(master, Mode::ECB);
+    cipher1.Transcode(kek_seed.data(), kek_seed.size(), out.data(), Op::Decrypt);
+    AESCipher<Key128> cipher2(out, Mode::ECB);
+    cipher2.Transcode(source.data(), source.size(), out.data(), Op::Decrypt);
+
+    if (key_seed != Key128{}) {
+        AESCipher<Key128> cipher3(out, Mode::ECB);
+        cipher3.Transcode(key_seed.data(), key_seed.size(), out.data(), Op::Decrypt);
+    }
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+boost::optional<Key128> DeriveSDSeed() {
+    const FileUtil::IOFile save_43(FileUtil::GetUserPath(FileUtil::UserPath::NANDDir) +
+                                       "/system/save/8000000000000043",
+                                   "rb+");
+    if (!save_43.IsOpen())
+        return boost::none;
+    const FileUtil::IOFile sd_private(
+        FileUtil::GetUserPath(FileUtil::UserPath::SDMCDir) + "/Nintendo/Contents/private", "rb+");
+    if (!sd_private.IsOpen())
+        return boost::none;
+
+    sd_private.Seek(0, SEEK_SET);
+    std::array<u8, 0x10> private_seed{};
+    if (sd_private.ReadBytes(private_seed.data(), private_seed.size()) != 0x10)
+        return boost::none;
+
+    std::array<u8, 0x10> buffer{};
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    for (; offset + 0x10 < save_43.GetSize(); ++offset) {
+        save_43.Seek(offset, SEEK_SET);
+        save_43.ReadBytes(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+        if (buffer == private_seed)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (offset + 0x10 >= save_43.GetSize())
+        return boost::none;
+
+    Key128 seed{};
+    save_43.Seek(offset + 0x10, SEEK_SET);
+    save_43.ReadBytes(seed.data(), seed.size());
+    return seed;
+}
+
+Loader::ResultStatus DeriveSDKeys(std::array<Key256, 2>& sd_keys, const KeyManager& keys) {
+    if (!keys.HasKey(S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::SDKEK)))
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingSDKEKSource;
+    if (!keys.HasKey(S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::AESKEKGeneration)))
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingAESKEKGenerationSource;
+    if (!keys.HasKey(S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::AESKeyGeneration)))
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingAESKeyGenerationSource;
+
+    const auto sd_kek_source =
+        keys.GetKey(S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::SDKEK));
+    const auto aes_kek_gen =
+        keys.GetKey(S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::AESKEKGeneration));
+    const auto aes_key_gen =
+        keys.GetKey(S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::AESKeyGeneration));
+    const auto master_00 = keys.GetKey(S128KeyType::Master);
+    const auto sd_kek =
+        GenerateKeyEncryptionKey(sd_kek_source, master_00, aes_kek_gen, aes_key_gen);
+
+    if (!keys.HasKey(S128KeyType::SDSeed))
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingSDSeed;
+    const auto sd_seed = keys.GetKey(S128KeyType::SDSeed);
+
+    if (!keys.HasKey(S256KeyType::SDKeySource, static_cast<u64>(SDKeyType::Save)))
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingSDSaveKeySource;
+    if (!keys.HasKey(S256KeyType::SDKeySource, static_cast<u64>(SDKeyType::NCA)))
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorMissingSDNCAKeySource;
+
+    std::array<Key256, 2> sd_key_sources{
+        keys.GetKey(S256KeyType::SDKeySource, static_cast<u64>(SDKeyType::Save)),
+        keys.GetKey(S256KeyType::SDKeySource, static_cast<u64>(SDKeyType::NCA)),
+    };
+
+    // Combine sources and seed
+    for (auto& source : sd_key_sources) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < source.size(); ++i)
+            source[i] ^= sd_seed[i & 0xF];
+    }
+
+    AESCipher<Key128> cipher(sd_kek, Mode::ECB);
+    // The transform manipulates sd_keys as part of the Transcode, so the return/output is
+    // unnecessary. This does not alter sd_keys_sources.
+    std::transform(sd_key_sources.begin(), sd_key_sources.end(), sd_keys.begin(),
+                   sd_key_sources.begin(), [&cipher](const Key256& source, Key256& out) {
+                       cipher.Transcode(source.data(), source.size(), out.data(), Op::Decrypt);
+                       return source; ///< Return unaltered source to satisfy output requirement.
+                   });
+
+    return Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
+}
+
 KeyManager::KeyManager() {
     // Initialize keys
     const std::string hactool_keys_dir = FileUtil::GetHactoolConfigurationPath();
@@ -24,12 +125,15 @@ KeyManager::KeyManager() {
     if (Settings::values.use_dev_keys) {
         dev_mode = true;
         AttemptLoadKeyFile(yuzu_keys_dir, hactool_keys_dir, "dev.keys", false);
+        AttemptLoadKeyFile(yuzu_keys_dir, yuzu_keys_dir, "dev.keys_autogenerated", false);
     } else {
         dev_mode = false;
         AttemptLoadKeyFile(yuzu_keys_dir, hactool_keys_dir, "prod.keys", false);
+        AttemptLoadKeyFile(yuzu_keys_dir, yuzu_keys_dir, "prod.keys_autogenerated", false);
     }
 
     AttemptLoadKeyFile(yuzu_keys_dir, hactool_keys_dir, "title.keys", true);
+    AttemptLoadKeyFile(yuzu_keys_dir, yuzu_keys_dir, "title.keys_autogenerated", true);
 }
 
 void KeyManager::LoadFromFile(const std::string& filename, bool is_title_keys) {
@@ -56,17 +160,17 @@ void KeyManager::LoadFromFile(const std::string& filename, bool is_title_keys) {
             u128 rights_id{};
             std::memcpy(rights_id.data(), rights_id_raw.data(), rights_id_raw.size());
             Key128 key = Common::HexStringToArray<16>(out[1]);
-            SetKey(S128KeyType::Titlekey, key, rights_id[1], rights_id[0]);
+            s128_keys[{S128KeyType::Titlekey, rights_id[1], rights_id[0]}] = key;
         } else {
             std::transform(out[0].begin(), out[0].end(), out[0].begin(), ::tolower);
             if (s128_file_id.find(out[0]) != s128_file_id.end()) {
                 const auto index = s128_file_id.at(out[0]);
                 Key128 key = Common::HexStringToArray<16>(out[1]);
-                SetKey(index.type, key, index.field1, index.field2);
+                s128_keys[{index.type, index.field1, index.field2}] = key;
             } else if (s256_file_id.find(out[0]) != s256_file_id.end()) {
                 const auto index = s256_file_id.at(out[0]);
                 Key256 key = Common::HexStringToArray<32>(out[1]);
-                SetKey(index.type, key, index.field1, index.field2);
+                s256_keys[{index.type, index.field1, index.field2}] = key;
             }
         }
     }
@@ -100,11 +204,50 @@ Key256 KeyManager::GetKey(S256KeyType id, u64 field1, u64 field2) const {
     return s256_keys.at({id, field1, field2});
 }
 
+template <size_t Size>
+void KeyManager::WriteKeyToFile(bool title_key, std::string_view keyname,
+                                const std::array<u8, Size>& key) {
+    const std::string yuzu_keys_dir = FileUtil::GetUserPath(FileUtil::UserPath::KeysDir);
+    std::string filename = "title.keys_autogenerated";
+    if (!title_key)
+        filename = dev_mode ? "dev.keys_autogenerated" : "prod.keys_autogenerated";
+    const auto add_info_text = !FileUtil::Exists(yuzu_keys_dir + DIR_SEP + filename);
+    FileUtil::CreateFullPath(yuzu_keys_dir + DIR_SEP + filename);
+    std::ofstream file(yuzu_keys_dir + DIR_SEP + filename, std::ios::app);
+    if (!file.is_open())
+        return;
+    if (add_info_text) {
+        file
+            << "# This file is autogenerated by Yuzu\n"
+            << "# It serves to store keys that were automatically generated from the normal keys\n"
+            << "# If you are experiencing issues involving keys, it may help to delete this file\n";
+    }
+
+    file << fmt::format("\n{} = {}", keyname, Common::HexArrayToString(key));
+    AttemptLoadKeyFile(yuzu_keys_dir, yuzu_keys_dir, filename, title_key);
+}
+
 void KeyManager::SetKey(S128KeyType id, Key128 key, u64 field1, u64 field2) {
+    const auto iter = std::find_if(
+        s128_file_id.begin(), s128_file_id.end(),
+        [&id, &field1, &field2](const std::pair<std::string, KeyIndex<S128KeyType>> elem) {
+            return std::tie(elem.second.type, elem.second.field1, elem.second.field2) ==
+                   std::tie(id, field1, field2);
+        });
+    if (iter != s128_file_id.end())
+        WriteKeyToFile(id == S128KeyType::Titlekey, iter->first, key);
     s128_keys[{id, field1, field2}] = key;
 }
 
 void KeyManager::SetKey(S256KeyType id, Key256 key, u64 field1, u64 field2) {
+    const auto iter = std::find_if(
+        s256_file_id.begin(), s256_file_id.end(),
+        [&id, &field1, &field2](const std::pair<std::string, KeyIndex<S256KeyType>> elem) {
+            return std::tie(elem.second.type, elem.second.field1, elem.second.field2) ==
+                   std::tie(id, field1, field2);
+        });
+    if (iter != s256_file_id.end())
+        WriteKeyToFile(false, iter->first, key);
     s256_keys[{id, field1, field2}] = key;
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +268,16 @@ bool KeyManager::KeyFileExists(bool title) {
            FileUtil::Exists(yuzu_keys_dir + DIR_SEP + "prod.keys");
 }
 
-const std::unordered_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S128KeyType>> KeyManager::s128_file_id = {
+void KeyManager::DeriveSDSeedLazy() {
+    if (HasKey(S128KeyType::SDSeed))
+        return;
+
+    const auto res = DeriveSDSeed();
+    if (res != boost::none)
+        SetKey(S128KeyType::SDSeed, res.get());
+}
+
+const boost::container::flat_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S128KeyType>> KeyManager::s128_file_id = {
     {"master_key_00", {S128KeyType::Master, 0, 0}},
     {"master_key_01", {S128KeyType::Master, 1, 0}},
     {"master_key_02", {S128KeyType::Master, 2, 0}},
@@ -167,11 +319,17 @@ const std::unordered_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S128KeyType>> KeyManager::s128_fi
     {"key_area_key_system_02", {S128KeyType::KeyArea, 2, static_cast<u64>(KeyAreaKeyType::System)}},
     {"key_area_key_system_03", {S128KeyType::KeyArea, 3, static_cast<u64>(KeyAreaKeyType::System)}},
     {"key_area_key_system_04", {S128KeyType::KeyArea, 4, static_cast<u64>(KeyAreaKeyType::System)}},
+    {"sd_card_kek_source", {S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::SDKEK), 0}},
+    {"aes_kek_generation_source",
+     {S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::AESKEKGeneration), 0}},
+    {"aes_key_generation_source",
+     {S128KeyType::Source, static_cast<u64>(SourceKeyType::AESKeyGeneration), 0}},
+    {"sd_seed", {S128KeyType::SDSeed, 0, 0}},
 };
 
-const std::unordered_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S256KeyType>> KeyManager::s256_file_id = {
+const boost::container::flat_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S256KeyType>> KeyManager::s256_file_id = {
     {"header_key", {S256KeyType::Header, 0, 0}},
-    {"sd_card_save_key", {S256KeyType::SDSave, 0, 0}},
-    {"sd_card_nca_key", {S256KeyType::SDNCA, 0, 0}},
+    {"sd_card_save_key_source", {S256KeyType::SDKeySource, static_cast<u64>(SDKeyType::Save), 0}},
+    {"sd_card_nca_key_source", {S256KeyType::SDKeySource, static_cast<u64>(SDKeyType::NCA), 0}},
 };
 } // namespace Core::Crypto

src/core/crypto/key_manager.h

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@
 
 #include <array>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <type_traits>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
+#include <boost/container/flat_map.hpp>
 #include <fmt/format.h>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "core/loader/loader.h"
 
 namespace Core::Crypto {
 
@@ -22,9 +24,8 @@ static_assert(sizeof(Key128) == 16, "Key128 must be 128 bytes big.");
 static_assert(sizeof(Key256) == 32, "Key128 must be 128 bytes big.");
 
 enum class S256KeyType : u64 {
-    Header, //
-    SDSave, //
-    SDNCA,  //
+    Header,      //
+    SDKeySource, // f1=SDKeyType
 };
 
 enum class S128KeyType : u64 {
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ enum class S128KeyType : u64 {
     KeyArea,       // f1=crypto revision f2=type {app, ocean, system}
     SDSeed,        //
     Titlekey,      // f1=rights id LSB f2=rights id MSB
+    Source,        // f1=source type, f2= sub id
 };
 
 enum class KeyAreaKeyType : u8 {
@@ -44,6 +46,17 @@ enum class KeyAreaKeyType : u8 {
     System,
 };
 
+enum class SourceKeyType : u8 {
+    SDKEK,
+    AESKEKGeneration,
+    AESKeyGeneration,
+};
+
+enum class SDKeyType : u8 {
+    Save,
+    NCA,
+};
+
 template <typename KeyType>
 struct KeyIndex {
     KeyType type;
@@ -59,34 +72,12 @@ struct KeyIndex {
     }
 };
 
-// The following two (== and hash) are so KeyIndex can be a key in unordered_map
-
+// boost flat_map requires operator< for O(log(n)) lookups.
 template <typename KeyType>
-bool operator==(const KeyIndex<KeyType>& lhs, const KeyIndex<KeyType>& rhs) {
-    return std::tie(lhs.type, lhs.field1, lhs.field2) == std::tie(rhs.type, rhs.field1, rhs.field2);
+bool operator<(const KeyIndex<KeyType>& lhs, const KeyIndex<KeyType>& rhs) {
+    return std::tie(lhs.type, lhs.field1, lhs.field2) < std::tie(rhs.type, rhs.field1, rhs.field2);
 }
 
-template <typename KeyType>
-bool operator!=(const KeyIndex<KeyType>& lhs, const KeyIndex<KeyType>& rhs) {
-    return !operator==(lhs, rhs);
-}
-
-} // namespace Core::Crypto
-
-namespace std {
-template <typename KeyType>
-struct hash<Core::Crypto::KeyIndex<KeyType>> {
-    size_t operator()(const Core::Crypto::KeyIndex<KeyType>& k) const {
-        using std::hash;
-
-        return ((hash<u64>()(static_cast<u64>(k.type)) ^ (hash<u64>()(k.field1) << 1)) >> 1) ^
-               (hash<u64>()(k.field2) << 1);
-    }
-};
-} // namespace std
-
-namespace Core::Crypto {
-
 class KeyManager {
 public:
     KeyManager();
@@ -102,16 +93,27 @@ public:
 
     static bool KeyFileExists(bool title);
 
+    // Call before using the sd seed to attempt to derive it if it dosen't exist. Needs system save
+    // 8*43 and the private file to exist.
+    void DeriveSDSeedLazy();
+
 private:
-    std::unordered_map<KeyIndex<S128KeyType>, Key128> s128_keys;
-    std::unordered_map<KeyIndex<S256KeyType>, Key256> s256_keys;
+    boost::container::flat_map<KeyIndex<S128KeyType>, Key128> s128_keys;
+    boost::container::flat_map<KeyIndex<S256KeyType>, Key256> s256_keys;
 
     bool dev_mode;
     void LoadFromFile(const std::string& filename, bool is_title_keys);
     void AttemptLoadKeyFile(const std::string& dir1, const std::string& dir2,
                             const std::string& filename, bool title);
+    template <size_t Size>
+    void WriteKeyToFile(bool title_key, std::string_view keyname, const std::array<u8, Size>& key);
 
-    static const std::unordered_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S128KeyType>> s128_file_id;
-    static const std::unordered_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S256KeyType>> s256_file_id;
+    static const boost::container::flat_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S128KeyType>> s128_file_id;
+    static const boost::container::flat_map<std::string, KeyIndex<S256KeyType>> s256_file_id;
 };
+
+Key128 GenerateKeyEncryptionKey(Key128 source, Key128 master, Key128 kek_seed, Key128 key_seed);
+boost::optional<Key128> DeriveSDSeed();
+Loader::ResultStatus DeriveSDKeys(std::array<Key256, 2>& sd_keys, const KeyManager& keys);
+
 } // namespace Core::Crypto

src/core/crypto/xts_encryption_layer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "core/crypto/xts_encryption_layer.h"
+
+namespace Core::Crypto {
+
+constexpr u64 XTS_SECTOR_SIZE = 0x4000;
+
+XTSEncryptionLayer::XTSEncryptionLayer(FileSys::VirtualFile base_, Key256 key_)
+    : EncryptionLayer(std::move(base_)), cipher(key_, Mode::XTS) {}
+
+size_t XTSEncryptionLayer::Read(u8* data, size_t length, size_t offset) const {
+    if (length == 0)
+        return 0;
+
+    const auto sector_offset = offset & 0x3FFF;
+    if (sector_offset == 0) {
+        if (length % XTS_SECTOR_SIZE == 0) {
+            std::vector<u8> raw = base->ReadBytes(length, offset);
+            cipher.XTSTranscode(raw.data(), raw.size(), data, offset / XTS_SECTOR_SIZE,
+                                XTS_SECTOR_SIZE, Op::Decrypt);
+            return raw.size();
+        }
+        if (length > XTS_SECTOR_SIZE) {
+            const auto rem = length % XTS_SECTOR_SIZE;
+            const auto read = length - rem;
+            return Read(data, read, offset) + Read(data + read, rem, offset + read);
+        }
+        std::vector<u8> buffer = base->ReadBytes(XTS_SECTOR_SIZE, offset);
+        if (buffer.size() < XTS_SECTOR_SIZE)
+            buffer.resize(XTS_SECTOR_SIZE);
+        cipher.XTSTranscode(buffer.data(), buffer.size(), buffer.data(), offset / XTS_SECTOR_SIZE,
+                            XTS_SECTOR_SIZE, Op::Decrypt);
+        std::memcpy(data, buffer.data(), std::min(buffer.size(), length));
+        return std::min(buffer.size(), length);
+    }
+
+    // offset does not fall on block boundary (0x4000)
+    std::vector<u8> block = base->ReadBytes(0x4000, offset - sector_offset);
+    if (block.size() < XTS_SECTOR_SIZE)
+        block.resize(XTS_SECTOR_SIZE);
+    cipher.XTSTranscode(block.data(), block.size(), block.data(),
+                        (offset - sector_offset) / XTS_SECTOR_SIZE, XTS_SECTOR_SIZE, Op::Decrypt);
+    const size_t read = XTS_SECTOR_SIZE - sector_offset;
+
+    if (length + sector_offset < XTS_SECTOR_SIZE) {
+        std::memcpy(data, block.data() + sector_offset, std::min<u64>(length, read));
+        return std::min<u64>(length, read);
+    }
+    std::memcpy(data, block.data() + sector_offset, read);
+    return read + Read(data + read, length - read, offset + read);
+}
+} // namespace Core::Crypto

src/core/crypto/xts_encryption_layer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
+#include "core/crypto/encryption_layer.h"
+#include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
+
+namespace Core::Crypto {
+
+// Sits on top of a VirtualFile and provides XTS-mode AES decription.
+class XTSEncryptionLayer : public EncryptionLayer {
+public:
+    XTSEncryptionLayer(FileSys::VirtualFile base, Key256 key);
+
+    size_t Read(u8* data, size_t length, size_t offset) const override;
+
+private:
+    // Must be mutable as operations modify cipher contexts.
+    mutable AESCipher<Key256> cipher;
+};
+
+} // namespace Core::Crypto

src/core/file_sys/bis_factory.cpp

@@ -6,19 +6,12 @@
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
-static VirtualDir GetOrCreateDirectory(const VirtualDir& dir, std::string_view path) {
-    const auto res = dir->GetDirectoryRelative(path);
-    if (res == nullptr)
-        return dir->CreateDirectoryRelative(path);
-    return res;
-}
-
 BISFactory::BISFactory(VirtualDir nand_root_)
     : nand_root(std::move(nand_root_)),
       sysnand_cache(std::make_shared<RegisteredCache>(
-          GetOrCreateDirectory(nand_root, "/system/Contents/registered"))),
+          GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(nand_root, "/system/Contents/registered"))),
       usrnand_cache(std::make_shared<RegisteredCache>(
-          GetOrCreateDirectory(nand_root, "/user/Contents/registered"))) {}
+          GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(nand_root, "/user/Contents/registered"))) {}
 
 std::shared_ptr<RegisteredCache> BISFactory::GetSystemNANDContents() const {
     return sysnand_cache;

src/core/file_sys/card_image.cpp

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ XCI::XCI(VirtualFile file_) : file(std::move(file_)), partitions(0x4) {
             partitions[static_cast<size_t>(partition)] = std::make_shared<PartitionFilesystem>(raw);
     }
 
+    program_nca_status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorXCIMissingProgramNCA;
+
     auto result = AddNCAFromPartition(XCIPartition::Secure);
     if (result != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
         status = result;
@@ -76,6 +78,10 @@ Loader::ResultStatus XCI::GetStatus() const {
     return status;
 }
 
+Loader::ResultStatus XCI::GetProgramNCAStatus() const {
+    return program_nca_status;
+}
+
 VirtualDir XCI::GetPartition(XCIPartition partition) const {
     return partitions[static_cast<size_t>(partition)];
 }
@@ -143,6 +149,12 @@ Loader::ResultStatus XCI::AddNCAFromPartition(XCIPartition part) {
         if (file->GetExtension() != "nca")
             continue;
         auto nca = std::make_shared<NCA>(file);
+        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Add proper Rev1+ Support
+        if (nca->IsUpdate())
+            continue;
+        if (nca->GetType() == NCAContentType::Program) {
+            program_nca_status = nca->GetStatus();
+        }
         if (nca->GetStatus() == Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
             ncas.push_back(std::move(nca));
         } else {

src/core/file_sys/card_image.h

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ public:
     explicit XCI(VirtualFile file);
 
     Loader::ResultStatus GetStatus() const;
+    Loader::ResultStatus GetProgramNCAStatus() const;
 
     u8 GetFormatVersion() const;
 
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ private:
     GamecardHeader header{};
 
     Loader::ResultStatus status;
+    Loader::ResultStatus program_nca_status;
 
     std::vector<VirtualDir> partitions;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<NCA>> ncas;

src/core/file_sys/content_archive.cpp

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ VirtualFile NCA::Decrypt(NCASectionHeader s_header, VirtualFile in, u64 starting
             return std::static_pointer_cast<VfsFile>(out);
         }
     case NCASectionCryptoType::XTS:
-        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Implement XTSEncryptionLayer.
+        // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a test case for XTS-encrypted NCAs
     default:
         LOG_ERROR(Crypto, "called with unhandled crypto type={:02X}",
                   static_cast<u8>(s_header.raw.header.crypto_type));
@@ -258,6 +258,10 @@ NCA::NCA(VirtualFile file_) : file(std::move(file_)) {
         file->ReadBytes(sections.data(), length_sections, SECTION_HEADER_OFFSET);
     }
 
+    is_update = std::find_if(sections.begin(), sections.end(), [](const NCASectionHeader& header) {
+                    return header.raw.header.crypto_type == NCASectionCryptoType::BKTR;
+                }) != sections.end();
+
     for (std::ptrdiff_t i = 0; i < number_sections; ++i) {
         auto section = sections[i];
 
@@ -358,6 +362,10 @@ VirtualFile NCA::GetBaseFile() const {
     return file;
 }
 
+bool NCA::IsUpdate() const {
+    return is_update;
+}
+
 bool NCA::ReplaceFileWithSubdirectory(VirtualFile file, VirtualDir dir) {
     return false;
 }

src/core/file_sys/content_archive.h

@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ public:
 
     VirtualFile GetBaseFile() const;
 
+    bool IsUpdate() const;
+
 protected:
     bool ReplaceFileWithSubdirectory(VirtualFile file, VirtualDir dir) override;
 
@@ -111,6 +113,7 @@ private:
 
     NCAHeader header{};
     bool has_rights_id{};
+    bool is_update{};
 
     Loader::ResultStatus status{};
 

src/core/file_sys/registered_cache.cpp

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 #include <regex>
 #include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/file_util.h"
 #include "common/hex_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "core/crypto/encryption_layer.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/card_image.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/nca_metadata.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/registered_cache.h"
@@ -216,11 +216,11 @@ void RegisteredCache::ProcessFiles(const std::vector<NcaID>& ids) {
 
         const auto section0 = nca->GetSubdirectories()[0];
 
-        for (const auto& file : section0->GetFiles()) {
-            if (file->GetExtension() != "cnmt")
+        for (const auto& section0_file : section0->GetFiles()) {
+            if (section0_file->GetExtension() != "cnmt")
                 continue;
 
-            meta.insert_or_assign(nca->GetTitleId(), CNMT(file));
+            meta.insert_or_assign(nca->GetTitleId(), CNMT(section0_file));
             meta_id.insert_or_assign(nca->GetTitleId(), id);
             break;
         }
@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ RegisteredCache::RegisteredCache(VirtualDir dir_, RegisteredCacheParsingFunction
     Refresh();
 }
 
+RegisteredCache::~RegisteredCache() = default;
+
 bool RegisteredCache::HasEntry(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type) const {
     return GetEntryRaw(title_id, type) != nullptr;
 }
@@ -262,6 +264,18 @@ bool RegisteredCache::HasEntry(RegisteredCacheEntry entry) const {
     return GetEntryRaw(entry) != nullptr;
 }
 
+VirtualFile RegisteredCache::GetEntryUnparsed(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type) const {
+    const auto id = GetNcaIDFromMetadata(title_id, type);
+    if (id == boost::none)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    return GetFileAtID(id.get());
+}
+
+VirtualFile RegisteredCache::GetEntryUnparsed(RegisteredCacheEntry entry) const {
+    return GetEntryUnparsed(entry.title_id, entry.type);
+}
+
 VirtualFile RegisteredCache::GetEntryRaw(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type) const {
     const auto id = GetNcaIDFromMetadata(title_id, type);
     if (id == boost::none)

src/core/file_sys/registered_cache.h

@@ -63,12 +63,16 @@ public:
     explicit RegisteredCache(VirtualDir dir,
                              RegisteredCacheParsingFunction parsing_function =
                                  [](const VirtualFile& file, const NcaID& id) { return file; });
+    ~RegisteredCache();
 
     void Refresh();
 
     bool HasEntry(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type) const;
     bool HasEntry(RegisteredCacheEntry entry) const;
 
+    VirtualFile GetEntryUnparsed(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type) const;
+    VirtualFile GetEntryUnparsed(RegisteredCacheEntry entry) const;
+
     VirtualFile GetEntryRaw(u64 title_id, ContentRecordType type) const;
     VirtualFile GetEntryRaw(RegisteredCacheEntry entry) const;
 

src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/savedata_factory.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 
 namespace FileSys {

src/core/file_sys/savedata_factory.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/swap.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 
 namespace FileSys {

src/core/file_sys/sdmc_factory.cpp

@@ -3,14 +3,27 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <memory>
+#include "core/file_sys/registered_cache.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/sdmc_factory.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/xts_archive.h"
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
-SDMCFactory::SDMCFactory(VirtualDir dir) : dir(std::move(dir)) {}
+SDMCFactory::SDMCFactory(VirtualDir dir_)
+    : dir(std::move(dir_)), contents(std::make_shared<RegisteredCache>(
+                                GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(dir, "/Nintendo/Contents/registered"),
+                                [](const VirtualFile& file, const NcaID& id) {
+                                    return std::make_shared<NAX>(file, id)->GetDecrypted();
+                                })) {}
+
+SDMCFactory::~SDMCFactory() = default;
 
 ResultVal<VirtualDir> SDMCFactory::Open() {
     return MakeResult<VirtualDir>(dir);
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<RegisteredCache> SDMCFactory::GetSDMCContents() const {
+    return contents;
+}
+
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/sdmc_factory.h

@@ -4,20 +4,27 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <memory>
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 
 namespace FileSys {
 
+class RegisteredCache;
+
 /// File system interface to the SDCard archive
 class SDMCFactory {
 public:
     explicit SDMCFactory(VirtualDir dir);
+    ~SDMCFactory();
 
     ResultVal<VirtualDir> Open();
+    std::shared_ptr<RegisteredCache> GetSDMCContents() const;
 
 private:
     VirtualDir dir;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<RegisteredCache> contents;
 };
 
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/vfs.cpp

@@ -462,4 +462,11 @@ bool VfsRawCopy(VirtualFile src, VirtualFile dest) {
     std::vector<u8> data = src->ReadAllBytes();
     return dest->WriteBytes(data, 0) == data.size();
 }
+
+VirtualDir GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(const VirtualDir& rel, std::string_view path) {
+    const auto res = rel->GetDirectoryRelative(path);
+    if (res == nullptr)
+        return rel->CreateDirectoryRelative(path);
+    return res;
+}
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/vfs.h

@@ -318,4 +318,8 @@ bool DeepEquals(const VirtualFile& file1, const VirtualFile& file2, size_t block
 // directory of src/dest.
 bool VfsRawCopy(VirtualFile src, VirtualFile dest);
 
+// Checks if the directory at path relative to rel exists. If it does, returns that. If it does not
+// it attempts to create it and returns the new dir or nullptr on failure.
+VirtualDir GetOrCreateDirectoryRelative(const VirtualDir& rel, std::string_view path);
+
 } // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/vfs_real.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common_paths.h"
+#include "common/file_util.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs_real.h"
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ static std::string ModeFlagsToString(Mode mode) {
 }
 
 RealVfsFilesystem::RealVfsFilesystem() : VfsFilesystem(nullptr) {}
+RealVfsFilesystem::~RealVfsFilesystem() = default;
 
 std::string RealVfsFilesystem::GetName() const {
     return "Real";
@@ -219,6 +221,8 @@ RealVfsFile::RealVfsFile(RealVfsFilesystem& base_, std::shared_ptr<FileUtil::IOF
       parent_components(FileUtil::SliceVector(path_components, 0, path_components.size() - 1)),
       perms(perms_) {}
 
+RealVfsFile::~RealVfsFile() = default;
+
 std::string RealVfsFile::GetName() const {
     return path_components.back();
 }
@@ -312,6 +316,8 @@ RealVfsDirectory::RealVfsDirectory(RealVfsFilesystem& base_, const std::string&
         FileUtil::CreateDir(path);
 }
 
+RealVfsDirectory::~RealVfsDirectory() = default;
+
 std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> RealVfsDirectory::GetFileRelative(std::string_view path) const {
     const auto full_path = FileUtil::SanitizePath(this->path + DIR_SEP + std::string(path));
     if (!FileUtil::Exists(full_path) || FileUtil::IsDirectory(full_path))
@@ -341,7 +347,6 @@ std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> RealVfsDirectory::CreateFileRelative(std::string_view p
 
 std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> RealVfsDirectory::CreateDirectoryRelative(std::string_view path) {
     const auto full_path = FileUtil::SanitizePath(this->path + DIR_SEP + std::string(path));
-    auto parent = std::string(FileUtil::GetParentPath(full_path));
     return base.CreateDirectory(full_path, perms);
 }
 

src/core/file_sys/vfs_real.h

@@ -6,15 +6,19 @@
 
 #include <string_view>
 #include <boost/container/flat_map.hpp>
-#include "common/file_util.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/mode.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 
+namespace FileUtil {
+class IOFile;
+}
+
 namespace FileSys {
 
 class RealVfsFilesystem : public VfsFilesystem {
 public:
     RealVfsFilesystem();
+    ~RealVfsFilesystem() override;
 
     std::string GetName() const override;
     bool IsReadable() const override;
@@ -40,10 +44,9 @@ class RealVfsFile : public VfsFile {
     friend class RealVfsDirectory;
     friend class RealVfsFilesystem;
 
-    RealVfsFile(RealVfsFilesystem& base, std::shared_ptr<FileUtil::IOFile> backing,
-                const std::string& path, Mode perms = Mode::Read);
-
 public:
+    ~RealVfsFile() override;
+
     std::string GetName() const override;
     size_t GetSize() const override;
     bool Resize(size_t new_size) override;
@@ -55,6 +58,9 @@ public:
     bool Rename(std::string_view name) override;
 
 private:
+    RealVfsFile(RealVfsFilesystem& base, std::shared_ptr<FileUtil::IOFile> backing,
+                const std::string& path, Mode perms = Mode::Read);
+
     bool Close();
 
     RealVfsFilesystem& base;
@@ -70,9 +76,9 @@ private:
 class RealVfsDirectory : public VfsDirectory {
     friend class RealVfsFilesystem;
 
-    RealVfsDirectory(RealVfsFilesystem& base, const std::string& path, Mode perms = Mode::Read);
-
 public:
+    ~RealVfsDirectory() override;
+
     std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> GetFileRelative(std::string_view path) const override;
     std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> GetDirectoryRelative(std::string_view path) const override;
     std::shared_ptr<VfsFile> GetFile(std::string_view name) const override;
@@ -97,6 +103,8 @@ protected:
     bool ReplaceFileWithSubdirectory(VirtualFile file, VirtualDir dir) override;
 
 private:
+    RealVfsDirectory(RealVfsFilesystem& base, const std::string& path, Mode perms = Mode::Read);
+
     template <typename T, typename R>
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<R>> IterateEntries() const;
 

src/core/file_sys/xts_archive.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <regex>
+#include <string>
+#include <mbedtls/md.h>
+#include <mbedtls/sha256.h>
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/file_util.h"
+#include "common/hex_util.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/crypto/aes_util.h"
+#include "core/crypto/xts_encryption_layer.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/partition_filesystem.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs_offset.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/xts_archive.h"
+#include "core/loader/loader.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+constexpr u64 NAX_HEADER_PADDING_SIZE = 0x4000;
+
+template <typename SourceData, typename SourceKey, typename Destination>
+static bool CalculateHMAC256(Destination* out, const SourceKey* key, size_t key_length,
+                             const SourceData* data, size_t data_length) {
+    mbedtls_md_context_t context;
+    mbedtls_md_init(&context);
+
+    const auto key_f = reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(key);
+    const std::vector<u8> key_v(key_f, key_f + key_length);
+
+    if (mbedtls_md_setup(&context, mbedtls_md_info_from_type(MBEDTLS_MD_SHA256), 1) ||
+        mbedtls_md_hmac_starts(&context, reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(key), key_length) ||
+        mbedtls_md_hmac_update(&context, reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(data), data_length) ||
+        mbedtls_md_hmac_finish(&context, reinterpret_cast<u8*>(out))) {
+        mbedtls_md_free(&context);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mbedtls_md_free(&context);
+    return true;
+}
+
+NAX::NAX(VirtualFile file_) : file(std::move(file_)), header(std::make_unique<NAXHeader>()) {
+    std::string path = FileUtil::SanitizePath(file->GetFullPath());
+    static const std::regex nax_path_regex("/registered/(000000[0-9A-F]{2})/([0-9A-F]{32})\\.nca",
+                                           std::regex_constants::ECMAScript |
+                                               std::regex_constants::icase);
+    std::smatch match;
+    if (!std::regex_search(path, match, nax_path_regex)) {
+        status = Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadNAXFilePath;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::string two_dir = match[1];
+    std::string nca_id = match[2];
+    std::transform(two_dir.begin(), two_dir.end(), two_dir.begin(), ::toupper);
+    std::transform(nca_id.begin(), nca_id.end(), nca_id.begin(), ::tolower);
+
+    status = Parse(fmt::format("/registered/{}/{}.nca", two_dir, nca_id));
+}
+
+NAX::NAX(VirtualFile file_, std::array<u8, 0x10> nca_id)
+    : file(std::move(file_)), header(std::make_unique<NAXHeader>()) {
+    Core::Crypto::SHA256Hash hash{};
+    mbedtls_sha256(nca_id.data(), nca_id.size(), hash.data(), 0);
+    status = Parse(fmt::format("/registered/000000{:02X}/{}.nca", hash[0],
+                               Common::HexArrayToString(nca_id, false)));
+}
+
+Loader::ResultStatus NAX::Parse(std::string_view path) {
+    if (file->ReadObject(header.get()) != sizeof(NAXHeader))
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadNAXHeader;
+
+    if (header->magic != Common::MakeMagic('N', 'A', 'X', '0'))
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorBadNAXHeader;
+
+    if (file->GetSize() < NAX_HEADER_PADDING_SIZE + header->file_size)
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorIncorrectNAXFileSize;
+
+    keys.DeriveSDSeedLazy();
+    std::array<Core::Crypto::Key256, 2> sd_keys{};
+    const auto sd_keys_res = Core::Crypto::DeriveSDKeys(sd_keys, keys);
+    if (sd_keys_res != Loader::ResultStatus::Success) {
+        return sd_keys_res;
+    }
+
+    const auto enc_keys = header->key_area;
+
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < sd_keys.size(); ++i) {
+        std::array<Core::Crypto::Key128, 2> nax_keys{};
+        if (!CalculateHMAC256(nax_keys.data(), sd_keys[i].data(), 0x10, std::string(path).c_str(),
+                              path.size())) {
+            return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNAXKeyHMACFailed;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < nax_keys.size(); ++j) {
+            Core::Crypto::AESCipher<Core::Crypto::Key128> cipher(nax_keys[j],
+                                                                 Core::Crypto::Mode::ECB);
+            cipher.Transcode(enc_keys[j].data(), 0x10, header->key_area[j].data(),
+                             Core::Crypto::Op::Decrypt);
+        }
+
+        Core::Crypto::SHA256Hash validation{};
+        if (!CalculateHMAC256(validation.data(), &header->magic, 0x60, sd_keys[i].data() + 0x10,
+                              0x10)) {
+            return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNAXValidationHMACFailed;
+        }
+        if (header->hmac == validation)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (i == 2) {
+        return Loader::ResultStatus::ErrorNAXKeyDerivationFailed;
+    }
+
+    type = static_cast<NAXContentType>(i);
+
+    Core::Crypto::Key256 final_key{};
+    std::memcpy(final_key.data(), &header->key_area, final_key.size());
+    const auto enc_file =
+        std::make_shared<OffsetVfsFile>(file, header->file_size, NAX_HEADER_PADDING_SIZE);
+    dec_file = std::make_shared<Core::Crypto::XTSEncryptionLayer>(enc_file, final_key);
+
+    return Loader::ResultStatus::Success;
+}
+
+Loader::ResultStatus NAX::GetStatus() const {
+    return status;
+}
+
+VirtualFile NAX::GetDecrypted() const {
+    return dec_file;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<NCA> NAX::AsNCA() const {
+    if (type == NAXContentType::NCA)
+        return std::make_shared<NCA>(GetDecrypted());
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+NAXContentType NAX::GetContentType() const {
+    return type;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<VfsFile>> NAX::GetFiles() const {
+    return {dec_file};
+}
+
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory>> NAX::GetSubdirectories() const {
+    return {};
+}
+
+std::string NAX::GetName() const {
+    return file->GetName();
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> NAX::GetParentDirectory() const {
+    return file->GetContainingDirectory();
+}
+
+bool NAX::ReplaceFileWithSubdirectory(VirtualFile file, VirtualDir dir) {
+    return false;
+}
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/file_sys/xts_archive.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu emulator team
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <vector>
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/swap.h"
+#include "core/crypto/key_manager.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/content_archive.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
+#include "core/loader/loader.h"
+
+namespace FileSys {
+
+struct NAXHeader {
+    std::array<u8, 0x20> hmac;
+    u64_le magic;
+    std::array<Core::Crypto::Key128, 2> key_area;
+    u64_le file_size;
+    INSERT_PADDING_BYTES(0x30);
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(NAXHeader) == 0x80, "NAXHeader has incorrect size.");
+
+enum class NAXContentType : u8 {
+    Save = 0,
+    NCA = 1,
+};
+
+class NAX : public ReadOnlyVfsDirectory {
+public:
+    explicit NAX(VirtualFile file);
+    explicit NAX(VirtualFile file, std::array<u8, 0x10> nca_id);
+
+    Loader::ResultStatus GetStatus() const;
+
+    VirtualFile GetDecrypted() const;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<NCA> AsNCA() const;
+
+    NAXContentType GetContentType() const;
+
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<VfsFile>> GetFiles() const override;
+
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory>> GetSubdirectories() const override;
+
+    std::string GetName() const override;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<VfsDirectory> GetParentDirectory() const override;
+
+protected:
+    bool ReplaceFileWithSubdirectory(VirtualFile file, VirtualDir dir) override;
+
+private:
+    Loader::ResultStatus Parse(std::string_view path);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<NAXHeader> header;
+
+    VirtualFile file;
+    Loader::ResultStatus status;
+    NAXContentType type;
+
+    VirtualFile dec_file;
+
+    Core::Crypto::KeyManager keys;
+};
+} // namespace FileSys

src/core/hle/ipc_helpers.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/client_port.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/client_session.h"
@@ -135,7 +136,9 @@ public:
         if (context->Session()->IsDomain()) {
             context->AddDomainObject(std::move(iface));
         } else {
-            auto sessions = Kernel::ServerSession::CreateSessionPair(iface->GetServiceName());
+            auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+            auto sessions =
+                Kernel::ServerSession::CreateSessionPair(kernel, iface->GetServiceName());
             auto server = std::get<Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::ServerSession>>(sessions);
             auto client = std::get<Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::ClientSession>>(sessions);
             iface->ClientConnected(server);

src/core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.cpp

@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_cpu.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/errors.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"

src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-ClientPort::ClientPort() = default;
+ClientPort::ClientPort(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
 ClientPort::~ClientPort() = default;
 
 ResultVal<SharedPtr<ClientSession>> ClientPort::Connect() {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ ResultVal<SharedPtr<ClientSession>> ClientPort::Connect() {
     active_sessions++;
 
     // Create a new session pair, let the created sessions inherit the parent port's HLE handler.
-    auto sessions = ServerSession::CreateSessionPair(server_port->GetName(), this);
+    auto sessions = ServerSession::CreateSessionPair(kernel, server_port->GetName(), this);
 
     if (server_port->hle_handler)
         server_port->hle_handler->ClientConnected(std::get<SharedPtr<ServerSession>>(sessions));

src/core/hle/kernel/client_port.h

@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-class ServerPort;
 class ClientSession;
+class KernelCore;
+class ServerPort;
 
 class ClientPort final : public Object {
 public:
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ public:
     void ConnectionClosed();
 
 private:
-    ClientPort();
+    explicit ClientPort(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~ClientPort() override;
 
     SharedPtr<ServerPort> server_port; ///< ServerPort associated with this client port.

src/core/hle/kernel/client_session.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-ClientSession::ClientSession() = default;
+ClientSession::ClientSession(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
 ClientSession::~ClientSession() {
     // This destructor will be called automatically when the last ClientSession handle is closed by
     // the emulated application.

src/core/hle/kernel/client_session.h

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-class ServerSession;
+class KernelCore;
 class Session;
+class ServerSession;
 class Thread;
 
 class ClientSession final : public Object {
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public:
     std::shared_ptr<Session> parent;
 
 private:
-    ClientSession();
+    explicit ClientSession(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~ClientSession() override;
 };
 

src/core/hle/kernel/errors.h

@@ -11,17 +11,16 @@ namespace Kernel {
 namespace ErrCodes {
 enum {
     // TODO(Subv): Remove these 3DS OS error codes.
-    OutOfHandles = 19,
     SessionClosedByRemote = 26,
-    PortNameTooLong = 30,
     NoPendingSessions = 35,
-    WrongPermission = 46,
     InvalidBufferDescriptor = 48,
-    MaxConnectionsReached = 52,
 
     // Confirmed Switch OS error codes
+    MaxConnectionsReached = 7,
     InvalidAddress = 102,
+    HandleTableFull = 105,
     InvalidMemoryState = 106,
+    InvalidMemoryPermissions = 108,
     InvalidProcessorId = 113,
     InvalidHandle = 114,
     InvalidCombination = 116,
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ enum {
     TooLarge = 119,
     InvalidEnumValue = 120,
     InvalidState = 125,
+    ResourceLimitExceeded = 132,
 };
 }
 
@@ -37,18 +37,21 @@ enum {
 // double check that the code matches before re-using the constant.
 
 // TODO(bunnei): Replace these with correct errors for Switch OS
-constexpr ResultCode ERR_OUT_OF_HANDLES(-1);
+constexpr ResultCode ERR_HANDLE_TABLE_FULL(ErrorModule::Kernel, ErrCodes::HandleTableFull);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_SESSION_CLOSED_BY_REMOTE(-1);
-constexpr ResultCode ERR_PORT_NAME_TOO_LONG(-1);
-constexpr ResultCode ERR_WRONG_PERMISSION(-1);
-constexpr ResultCode ERR_MAX_CONNECTIONS_REACHED(-1);
+constexpr ResultCode ERR_PORT_NAME_TOO_LONG(ErrorModule::Kernel, ErrCodes::TooLarge);
+constexpr ResultCode ERR_MAX_CONNECTIONS_REACHED(ErrorModule::Kernel,
+                                                 ErrCodes::MaxConnectionsReached);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_ENUM_VALUE(ErrorModule::Kernel, ErrCodes::InvalidEnumValue);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_ENUM_VALUE_FND(-1);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION(-1);
-constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION_KERNEL(-1);
+constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_COMBINATION_KERNEL(ErrorModule::Kernel,
+                                                    ErrCodes::InvalidCombination);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY(-1);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS(ErrorModule::Kernel, ErrCodes::InvalidAddress);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS_STATE(ErrorModule::Kernel, ErrCodes::InvalidMemoryState);
+constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_MEMORY_PERMISSIONS(ErrorModule::Kernel,
+                                                    ErrCodes::InvalidMemoryPermissions);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_HANDLE(ErrorModule::Kernel, ErrCodes::InvalidHandle);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_STATE(ErrorModule::Kernel, ErrCodes::InvalidState);
 constexpr ResultCode ERR_INVALID_POINTER(-1);

src/core/hle/kernel/event.cpp

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-Event::Event() {}
-Event::~Event() {}
+Event::Event(KernelCore& kernel) : WaitObject{kernel} {}
+Event::~Event() = default;
 
-SharedPtr<Event> Event::Create(ResetType reset_type, std::string name) {
-    SharedPtr<Event> evt(new Event);
+SharedPtr<Event> Event::Create(KernelCore& kernel, ResetType reset_type, std::string name) {
+    SharedPtr<Event> evt(new Event(kernel));
 
     evt->signaled = false;
     evt->reset_type = reset_type;

src/core/hle/kernel/event.h

@@ -10,14 +10,18 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class KernelCore;
+
 class Event final : public WaitObject {
 public:
     /**
      * Creates an event
+     * @param kernel The kernel instance to create this event under.
      * @param reset_type ResetType describing how to create event
      * @param name Optional name of event
      */
-    static SharedPtr<Event> Create(ResetType reset_type, std::string name = "Unknown");
+    static SharedPtr<Event> Create(KernelCore& kernel, ResetType reset_type,
+                                   std::string name = "Unknown");
 
     std::string GetTypeName() const override {
         return "Event";
@@ -44,7 +48,7 @@ public:
     void Clear();
 
 private:
-    Event();
+    explicit Event(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~Event() override;
 
     ResetType reset_type; ///< Current ResetType

src/core/hle/kernel/handle_table.cpp

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-HandleTable g_handle_table;
-
 HandleTable::HandleTable() {
     next_generation = 1;
     Clear();
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ ResultVal<Handle> HandleTable::Create(SharedPtr<Object> obj) {
     u16 slot = next_free_slot;
     if (slot >= generations.size()) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel, "Unable to allocate Handle, too many slots in use.");
-        return ERR_OUT_OF_HANDLES;
+        return ERR_HANDLE_TABLE_FULL;
     }
     next_free_slot = generations[slot];
 

src/core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
     /**
      * Allocates a handle for the given object.
      * @return The created Handle or one of the following errors:
-     *           - `ERR_OUT_OF_HANDLES`: the maximum number of handles has been exceeded.
+     *           - `ERR_HANDLE_TABLE_FULL`: the maximum number of handles has been exceeded.
      */
     ResultVal<Handle> Create(SharedPtr<Object> obj);
 
@@ -121,6 +121,4 @@ private:
     u16 next_free_slot;
 };
 
-extern HandleTable g_handle_table;
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.cpp

@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/server_session.h"
@@ -51,7 +53,9 @@ SharedPtr<Event> HLERequestContext::SleepClientThread(SharedPtr<Thread> thread,
 
     if (!event) {
         // Create event if not provided
-        event = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "HLE Pause Event: " + reason);
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+        event =
+            Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "HLE Pause Event: " + reason);
     }
 
     event->Clear();
@@ -90,12 +94,14 @@ void HLERequestContext::ParseCommandBuffer(u32_le* src_cmdbuf, bool incoming) {
             rp.Skip(2, false);
         }
         if (incoming) {
+            auto& handle_table = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel().HandleTable();
+
             // Populate the object lists with the data in the IPC request.
             for (u32 handle = 0; handle < handle_descriptor_header->num_handles_to_copy; ++handle) {
-                copy_objects.push_back(Kernel::g_handle_table.GetGeneric(rp.Pop<Handle>()));
+                copy_objects.push_back(handle_table.GetGeneric(rp.Pop<Handle>()));
             }
             for (u32 handle = 0; handle < handle_descriptor_header->num_handles_to_move; ++handle) {
-                move_objects.push_back(Kernel::g_handle_table.GetGeneric(rp.Pop<Handle>()));
+                move_objects.push_back(handle_table.GetGeneric(rp.Pop<Handle>()));
             }
         } else {
             // For responses we just ignore the handles, they're empty and will be populated when
@@ -230,17 +236,19 @@ ResultCode HLERequestContext::WriteToOutgoingCommandBuffer(const Thread& thread)
         ASSERT(copy_objects.size() == handle_descriptor_header->num_handles_to_copy);
         ASSERT(move_objects.size() == handle_descriptor_header->num_handles_to_move);
 
+        auto& handle_table = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel().HandleTable();
+
         // We don't make a distinction between copy and move handles when translating since HLE
         // services don't deal with handles directly. However, the guest applications might check
         // for specific values in each of these descriptors.
         for (auto& object : copy_objects) {
             ASSERT(object != nullptr);
-            dst_cmdbuf[current_offset++] = Kernel::g_handle_table.Create(object).Unwrap();
+            dst_cmdbuf[current_offset++] = handle_table.Create(object).Unwrap();
         }
 
         for (auto& object : move_objects) {
             ASSERT(object != nullptr);
-            dst_cmdbuf[current_offset++] = Kernel::g_handle_table.Create(object).Unwrap();
+            dst_cmdbuf[current_offset++] = handle_table.Create(object).Unwrap();
         }
     }
 

src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.cpp

@@ -2,38 +2,315 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include <array>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_timing.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/client_port.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/resource_limit.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/timer.h"
+#include "core/hle/lock.h"
+#include "core/hle/result.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-std::atomic<u32> Object::next_object_id{0};
+/**
+ * Callback that will wake up the thread it was scheduled for
+ * @param thread_handle The handle of the thread that's been awoken
+ * @param cycles_late The number of CPU cycles that have passed since the desired wakeup time
+ */
+static void ThreadWakeupCallback(u64 thread_handle, [[maybe_unused]] int cycles_late) {
+    const auto proper_handle = static_cast<Handle>(thread_handle);
+    auto& system = Core::System::GetInstance();
 
-/// Initialize the kernel
-void Init() {
-    Kernel::ResourceLimitsInit();
-    Kernel::ThreadingInit();
-    Kernel::TimersInit();
+    // Lock the global kernel mutex when we enter the kernel HLE.
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(HLE::g_hle_lock);
 
-    Object::next_object_id = 0;
-    // TODO(Subv): Start the process ids from 10 for now, as lower PIDs are
-    // reserved for low-level services
-    Process::next_process_id = 10;
+    SharedPtr<Thread> thread =
+        system.Kernel().RetrieveThreadFromWakeupCallbackHandleTable(proper_handle);
+    if (thread == nullptr) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Kernel, "Callback fired for invalid thread {:08X}", proper_handle);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bool resume = true;
+
+    if (thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitSynchAny ||
+        thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitSynchAll ||
+        thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitHLEEvent) {
+        // Remove the thread from each of its waiting objects' waitlists
+        for (auto& object : thread->wait_objects) {
+            object->RemoveWaitingThread(thread.get());
+        }
+        thread->wait_objects.clear();
+
+        // Invoke the wakeup callback before clearing the wait objects
+        if (thread->wakeup_callback) {
+            resume = thread->wakeup_callback(ThreadWakeupReason::Timeout, thread, nullptr, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (thread->mutex_wait_address != 0 || thread->condvar_wait_address != 0 ||
+        thread->wait_handle) {
+        ASSERT(thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitMutex);
+        thread->mutex_wait_address = 0;
+        thread->condvar_wait_address = 0;
+        thread->wait_handle = 0;
+
+        auto lock_owner = thread->lock_owner;
+        // Threads waking up by timeout from WaitProcessWideKey do not perform priority inheritance
+        // and don't have a lock owner unless SignalProcessWideKey was called first and the thread
+        // wasn't awakened due to the mutex already being acquired.
+        if (lock_owner) {
+            lock_owner->RemoveMutexWaiter(thread);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (thread->arb_wait_address != 0) {
+        ASSERT(thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitArb);
+        thread->arb_wait_address = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (resume) {
+        thread->ResumeFromWait();
+    }
 }
 
-/// Shutdown the kernel
-void Shutdown() {
-    // Free all kernel objects
-    g_handle_table.Clear();
+/// The timer callback event, called when a timer is fired
+static void TimerCallback(u64 timer_handle, int cycles_late) {
+    const auto proper_handle = static_cast<Handle>(timer_handle);
+    auto& system = Core::System::GetInstance();
+    SharedPtr<Timer> timer = system.Kernel().RetrieveTimerFromCallbackHandleTable(proper_handle);
 
-    Kernel::ThreadingShutdown();
+    if (timer == nullptr) {
+        LOG_CRITICAL(Kernel, "Callback fired for invalid timer {:016X}", timer_handle);
+        return;
+    }
 
-    Kernel::TimersShutdown();
-    Kernel::ResourceLimitsShutdown();
+    timer->Signal(cycles_late);
+}
+
+struct KernelCore::Impl {
+    void Initialize(KernelCore& kernel) {
+        Shutdown();
+
+        InitializeResourceLimits(kernel);
+        InitializeThreads();
+        InitializeTimers();
+    }
+
+    void Shutdown() {
+        next_object_id = 0;
+        next_process_id = 10;
+        next_thread_id = 1;
+
+        process_list.clear();
+
+        handle_table.Clear();
+        resource_limits.fill(nullptr);
+
+        thread_wakeup_callback_handle_table.Clear();
+        thread_wakeup_event_type = nullptr;
+
+        timer_callback_handle_table.Clear();
+        timer_callback_event_type = nullptr;
+
+        named_ports.clear();
+    }
+
+    void InitializeResourceLimits(KernelCore& kernel) {
+        // Create the four resource limits that the system uses
+        // Create the APPLICATION resource limit
+        SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> resource_limit = ResourceLimit::Create(kernel, "Applications");
+        resource_limit->max_priority = 0x18;
+        resource_limit->max_commit = 0x4000000;
+        resource_limit->max_threads = 0x20;
+        resource_limit->max_events = 0x20;
+        resource_limit->max_mutexes = 0x20;
+        resource_limit->max_semaphores = 0x8;
+        resource_limit->max_timers = 0x8;
+        resource_limit->max_shared_mems = 0x10;
+        resource_limit->max_address_arbiters = 0x2;
+        resource_limit->max_cpu_time = 0x1E;
+        resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(ResourceLimitCategory::APPLICATION)] = resource_limit;
+
+        // Create the SYS_APPLET resource limit
+        resource_limit = ResourceLimit::Create(kernel, "System Applets");
+        resource_limit->max_priority = 0x4;
+        resource_limit->max_commit = 0x5E00000;
+        resource_limit->max_threads = 0x1D;
+        resource_limit->max_events = 0xB;
+        resource_limit->max_mutexes = 0x8;
+        resource_limit->max_semaphores = 0x4;
+        resource_limit->max_timers = 0x4;
+        resource_limit->max_shared_mems = 0x8;
+        resource_limit->max_address_arbiters = 0x3;
+        resource_limit->max_cpu_time = 0x2710;
+        resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(ResourceLimitCategory::SYS_APPLET)] = resource_limit;
+
+        // Create the LIB_APPLET resource limit
+        resource_limit = ResourceLimit::Create(kernel, "Library Applets");
+        resource_limit->max_priority = 0x4;
+        resource_limit->max_commit = 0x600000;
+        resource_limit->max_threads = 0xE;
+        resource_limit->max_events = 0x8;
+        resource_limit->max_mutexes = 0x8;
+        resource_limit->max_semaphores = 0x4;
+        resource_limit->max_timers = 0x4;
+        resource_limit->max_shared_mems = 0x8;
+        resource_limit->max_address_arbiters = 0x1;
+        resource_limit->max_cpu_time = 0x2710;
+        resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(ResourceLimitCategory::LIB_APPLET)] = resource_limit;
+
+        // Create the OTHER resource limit
+        resource_limit = ResourceLimit::Create(kernel, "Others");
+        resource_limit->max_priority = 0x4;
+        resource_limit->max_commit = 0x2180000;
+        resource_limit->max_threads = 0xE1;
+        resource_limit->max_events = 0x108;
+        resource_limit->max_mutexes = 0x25;
+        resource_limit->max_semaphores = 0x43;
+        resource_limit->max_timers = 0x2C;
+        resource_limit->max_shared_mems = 0x1F;
+        resource_limit->max_address_arbiters = 0x2D;
+        resource_limit->max_cpu_time = 0x3E8;
+        resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(ResourceLimitCategory::OTHER)] = resource_limit;
+    }
+
+    void InitializeThreads() {
+        thread_wakeup_event_type =
+            CoreTiming::RegisterEvent("ThreadWakeupCallback", ThreadWakeupCallback);
+    }
+
+    void InitializeTimers() {
+        timer_callback_handle_table.Clear();
+        timer_callback_event_type = CoreTiming::RegisterEvent("TimerCallback", TimerCallback);
+    }
+
+    std::atomic<u32> next_object_id{0};
+    // TODO(Subv): Start the process ids from 10 for now, as lower PIDs are
+    // reserved for low-level services
+    std::atomic<u32> next_process_id{10};
+    std::atomic<u32> next_thread_id{1};
+
+    // Lists all processes that exist in the current session.
+    std::vector<SharedPtr<Process>> process_list;
+
+    Kernel::HandleTable handle_table;
+    std::array<SharedPtr<ResourceLimit>, 4> resource_limits;
+
+    /// The event type of the generic timer callback event
+    CoreTiming::EventType* timer_callback_event_type = nullptr;
+    // TODO(yuriks): This can be removed if Timer objects are explicitly pooled in the future,
+    // allowing us to simply use a pool index or similar.
+    Kernel::HandleTable timer_callback_handle_table;
+
+    CoreTiming::EventType* thread_wakeup_event_type = nullptr;
+    // TODO(yuriks): This can be removed if Thread objects are explicitly pooled in the future,
+    // allowing us to simply use a pool index or similar.
+    Kernel::HandleTable thread_wakeup_callback_handle_table;
+
+    /// Map of named ports managed by the kernel, which can be retrieved using
+    /// the ConnectToPort SVC.
+    NamedPortTable named_ports;
+};
+
+KernelCore::KernelCore() : impl{std::make_unique<Impl>()} {}
+KernelCore::~KernelCore() {
+    Shutdown();
+}
+
+void KernelCore::Initialize() {
+    impl->Initialize(*this);
+}
+
+void KernelCore::Shutdown() {
+    impl->Shutdown();
+}
+
+Kernel::HandleTable& KernelCore::HandleTable() {
+    return impl->handle_table;
+}
+
+const Kernel::HandleTable& KernelCore::HandleTable() const {
+    return impl->handle_table;
+}
+
+SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> KernelCore::ResourceLimitForCategory(
+    ResourceLimitCategory category) const {
+    return impl->resource_limits.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(category));
+}
+
+SharedPtr<Thread> KernelCore::RetrieveThreadFromWakeupCallbackHandleTable(Handle handle) const {
+    return impl->thread_wakeup_callback_handle_table.Get<Thread>(handle);
+}
+
+SharedPtr<Timer> KernelCore::RetrieveTimerFromCallbackHandleTable(Handle handle) const {
+    return impl->timer_callback_handle_table.Get<Timer>(handle);
+}
+
+void KernelCore::AppendNewProcess(SharedPtr<Process> process) {
+    impl->process_list.push_back(std::move(process));
+}
+
+void KernelCore::AddNamedPort(std::string name, SharedPtr<ClientPort> port) {
+    impl->named_ports.emplace(std::move(name), std::move(port));
+}
+
+KernelCore::NamedPortTable::iterator KernelCore::FindNamedPort(const std::string& name) {
+    return impl->named_ports.find(name);
+}
+
+KernelCore::NamedPortTable::const_iterator KernelCore::FindNamedPort(
+    const std::string& name) const {
+    return impl->named_ports.find(name);
+}
+
+bool KernelCore::IsValidNamedPort(NamedPortTable::const_iterator port) const {
+    return port != impl->named_ports.cend();
+}
+
+u32 KernelCore::CreateNewObjectID() {
+    return impl->next_object_id++;
+}
+
+u32 KernelCore::CreateNewThreadID() {
+    return impl->next_thread_id++;
+}
+
+u32 KernelCore::CreateNewProcessID() {
+    return impl->next_process_id++;
+}
+
+ResultVal<Handle> KernelCore::CreateTimerCallbackHandle(const SharedPtr<Timer>& timer) {
+    return impl->timer_callback_handle_table.Create(timer);
+}
+
+CoreTiming::EventType* KernelCore::ThreadWakeupCallbackEventType() const {
+    return impl->thread_wakeup_event_type;
+}
+
+CoreTiming::EventType* KernelCore::TimerCallbackEventType() const {
+    return impl->timer_callback_event_type;
+}
+
+Kernel::HandleTable& KernelCore::ThreadWakeupCallbackHandleTable() {
+    return impl->thread_wakeup_callback_handle_table;
+}
+
+const Kernel::HandleTable& KernelCore::ThreadWakeupCallbackHandleTable() const {
+    return impl->thread_wakeup_callback_handle_table;
 }
 
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/kernel.h

@@ -4,14 +4,111 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
+
+template <typename T>
+class ResultVal;
+
+namespace CoreTiming {
+struct EventType;
+}
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-/// Initialize the kernel with the specified system mode.
-void Init();
+class ClientPort;
+class HandleTable;
+class Process;
+class ResourceLimit;
+class Thread;
+class Timer;
 
-/// Shutdown the kernel
-void Shutdown();
+enum class ResourceLimitCategory : u8;
+
+/// Represents a single instance of the kernel.
+class KernelCore {
+private:
+    using NamedPortTable = std::unordered_map<std::string, SharedPtr<ClientPort>>;
+
+public:
+    KernelCore();
+    ~KernelCore();
+
+    KernelCore(const KernelCore&) = delete;
+    KernelCore& operator=(const KernelCore&) = delete;
+
+    KernelCore(KernelCore&&) = delete;
+    KernelCore& operator=(KernelCore&&) = delete;
+
+    /// Resets the kernel to a clean slate for use.
+    void Initialize();
+
+    /// Clears all resources in use by the kernel instance.
+    void Shutdown();
+
+    /// Provides a reference to the handle table.
+    Kernel::HandleTable& HandleTable();
+
+    /// Provides a const reference to the handle table.
+    const Kernel::HandleTable& HandleTable() const;
+
+    /// Retrieves a shared pointer to a ResourceLimit identified by the given category.
+    SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> ResourceLimitForCategory(ResourceLimitCategory category) const;
+
+    /// Retrieves a shared pointer to a Thread instance within the thread wakeup handle table.
+    SharedPtr<Thread> RetrieveThreadFromWakeupCallbackHandleTable(Handle handle) const;
+
+    /// Retrieves a shared pointer to a Timer instance within the timer callback handle table.
+    SharedPtr<Timer> RetrieveTimerFromCallbackHandleTable(Handle handle) const;
+
+    /// Adds the given shared pointer to an internal list of active processes.
+    void AppendNewProcess(SharedPtr<Process> process);
+
+    /// Adds a port to the named port table
+    void AddNamedPort(std::string name, SharedPtr<ClientPort> port);
+
+    /// Finds a port within the named port table with the given name.
+    NamedPortTable::iterator FindNamedPort(const std::string& name);
+
+    /// Finds a port within the named port table with the given name.
+    NamedPortTable::const_iterator FindNamedPort(const std::string& name) const;
+
+    /// Determines whether or not the given port is a valid named port.
+    bool IsValidNamedPort(NamedPortTable::const_iterator port) const;
+
+private:
+    friend class Object;
+    friend class Process;
+    friend class Thread;
+    friend class Timer;
+
+    /// Creates a new object ID, incrementing the internal object ID counter.
+    u32 CreateNewObjectID();
+
+    /// Creates a new process ID, incrementing the internal process ID counter;
+    u32 CreateNewProcessID();
+
+    /// Creates a new thread ID, incrementing the internal thread ID counter.
+    u32 CreateNewThreadID();
+
+    /// Creates a timer callback handle for the given timer.
+    ResultVal<Handle> CreateTimerCallbackHandle(const SharedPtr<Timer>& timer);
+
+    /// Retrieves the event type used for thread wakeup callbacks.
+    CoreTiming::EventType* ThreadWakeupCallbackEventType() const;
+
+    /// Retrieves the event type used for timer callbacks.
+    CoreTiming::EventType* TimerCallbackEventType() const;
+
+    /// Provides a reference to the thread wakeup callback handle table.
+    Kernel::HandleTable& ThreadWakeupCallbackHandleTable();
+
+    /// Provides a const reference to the thread wakeup callback handle table.
+    const Kernel::HandleTable& ThreadWakeupCallbackHandleTable() const;
+
+    struct Impl;
+    std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl;
+};
 
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/mutex.cpp

@@ -58,15 +58,15 @@ static void TransferMutexOwnership(VAddr mutex_addr, SharedPtr<Thread> current_t
     }
 }
 
-ResultCode Mutex::TryAcquire(VAddr address, Handle holding_thread_handle,
+ResultCode Mutex::TryAcquire(HandleTable& handle_table, VAddr address, Handle holding_thread_handle,
                              Handle requesting_thread_handle) {
     // The mutex address must be 4-byte aligned
     if ((address % sizeof(u32)) != 0) {
         return ResultCode(ErrorModule::Kernel, ErrCodes::InvalidAddress);
     }
 
-    SharedPtr<Thread> holding_thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(holding_thread_handle);
-    SharedPtr<Thread> requesting_thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(requesting_thread_handle);
+    SharedPtr<Thread> holding_thread = handle_table.Get<Thread>(holding_thread_handle);
+    SharedPtr<Thread> requesting_thread = handle_table.Get<Thread>(requesting_thread_handle);
 
     // TODO(Subv): It is currently unknown if it is possible to lock a mutex in behalf of another
     // thread.

src/core/hle/kernel/mutex.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ union ResultCode;
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class HandleTable;
 class Thread;
 
 class Mutex final {
@@ -21,8 +22,8 @@ public:
     static constexpr u32 MutexOwnerMask = 0xBFFFFFFF;
 
     /// Attempts to acquire a mutex at the specified address.
-    static ResultCode TryAcquire(VAddr address, Handle holding_thread_handle,
-                                 Handle requesting_thread_handle);
+    static ResultCode TryAcquire(HandleTable& handle_table, VAddr address,
+                                 Handle holding_thread_handle, Handle requesting_thread_handle);
 
     /// Releases the mutex at the specified address.
     static ResultCode Release(VAddr address);

src/core/hle/kernel/object.cpp

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+Object::Object(KernelCore& kernel) : kernel{kernel}, object_id{kernel.CreateNewObjectID()} {}
 Object::~Object() = default;
 
 bool Object::IsWaitable() const {

src/core/hle/kernel/object.h

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class KernelCore;
+
 using Handle = u32;
 
 enum class HandleType : u32 {
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ enum class ResetType {
 
 class Object : NonCopyable {
 public:
+    explicit Object(KernelCore& kernel);
     virtual ~Object();
 
     /// Returns a unique identifier for the object. For debugging purposes only.
@@ -61,15 +64,16 @@ public:
      */
     bool IsWaitable() const;
 
-public:
-    static std::atomic<u32> next_object_id;
+protected:
+    /// The kernel instance this object was created under.
+    KernelCore& kernel;
 
 private:
     friend void intrusive_ptr_add_ref(Object*);
     friend void intrusive_ptr_release(Object*);
 
     std::atomic<u32> ref_count{0};
-    std::atomic<u32> object_id{next_object_id++};
+    std::atomic<u32> object_id{0};
 };
 
 // Special functions used by boost::instrusive_ptr to do automatic ref-counting

src/core/hle/kernel/process.cpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/errors.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/resource_limit.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
@@ -16,30 +17,26 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-// Lists all processes that exist in the current session.
-static std::vector<SharedPtr<Process>> process_list;
-
-SharedPtr<CodeSet> CodeSet::Create(std::string name) {
-    SharedPtr<CodeSet> codeset(new CodeSet);
+SharedPtr<CodeSet> CodeSet::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name) {
+    SharedPtr<CodeSet> codeset(new CodeSet(kernel));
     codeset->name = std::move(name);
     return codeset;
 }
 
-CodeSet::CodeSet() {}
-CodeSet::~CodeSet() {}
+CodeSet::CodeSet(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
+CodeSet::~CodeSet() = default;
 
-u32 Process::next_process_id;
-
-SharedPtr<Process> Process::Create(std::string&& name) {
-    SharedPtr<Process> process(new Process);
+SharedPtr<Process> Process::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string&& name) {
+    SharedPtr<Process> process(new Process(kernel));
 
     process->name = std::move(name);
     process->flags.raw = 0;
     process->flags.memory_region.Assign(MemoryRegion::APPLICATION);
     process->status = ProcessStatus::Created;
     process->program_id = 0;
+    process->process_id = kernel.CreateNewProcessID();
 
-    process_list.push_back(process);
+    kernel.AppendNewProcess(process);
     return process;
 }
 
@@ -128,7 +125,7 @@ void Process::Run(VAddr entry_point, s32 main_thread_priority, u32 stack_size) {
     vm_manager.LogLayout();
     status = ProcessStatus::Running;
 
-    Kernel::SetupMainThread(entry_point, main_thread_priority, this);
+    Kernel::SetupMainThread(kernel, entry_point, main_thread_priority, this);
 }
 
 void Process::LoadModule(SharedPtr<CodeSet> module_, VAddr base_addr) {
@@ -231,22 +228,7 @@ ResultCode Process::UnmapMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr /*src_addr*/, u64 size) {
     return vm_manager.UnmapRange(dst_addr, size);
 }
 
-Kernel::Process::Process() {}
+Kernel::Process::Process(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
 Kernel::Process::~Process() {}
 
-void ClearProcessList() {
-    process_list.clear();
-}
-
-SharedPtr<Process> GetProcessById(u32 process_id) {
-    auto itr = std::find_if(
-        process_list.begin(), process_list.end(),
-        [&](const SharedPtr<Process>& process) { return process->process_id == process_id; });
-
-    if (itr == process_list.end())
-        return nullptr;
-
-    return *itr;
-}
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/process.h

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class KernelCore;
+
 struct AddressMapping {
     // Address and size must be page-aligned
     VAddr address;
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ struct CodeSet final : public Object {
         u32 size = 0;
     };
 
-    static SharedPtr<CodeSet> Create(std::string name);
+    static SharedPtr<CodeSet> Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name);
 
     std::string GetTypeName() const override {
         return "CodeSet";
@@ -109,13 +111,13 @@ struct CodeSet final : public Object {
     std::string name;
 
 private:
-    CodeSet();
+    explicit CodeSet(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~CodeSet() override;
 };
 
 class Process final : public Object {
 public:
-    static SharedPtr<Process> Create(std::string&& name);
+    static SharedPtr<Process> Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string&& name);
 
     std::string GetTypeName() const override {
         return "Process";
@@ -129,8 +131,6 @@ public:
         return HANDLE_TYPE;
     }
 
-    static u32 next_process_id;
-
     /// Title ID corresponding to the process
     u64 program_id;
 
@@ -157,8 +157,8 @@ public:
     /// Current status of the process
     ProcessStatus status;
 
-    /// The id of this process
-    u32 process_id = next_process_id++;
+    /// The ID of this process
+    u32 process_id = 0;
 
     /**
      * Parses a list of kernel capability descriptors (as found in the ExHeader) and applies them
@@ -206,13 +206,8 @@ public:
     ResultCode UnmapMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr src_addr, u64 size);
 
 private:
-    Process();
+    explicit Process(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~Process() override;
 };
 
-void ClearProcessList();
-
-/// Retrieves a process from the current list of processes.
-SharedPtr<Process> GetProcessById(u32 process_id);
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/resource_limit.cpp

@@ -9,31 +9,16 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-static SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> resource_limits[4];
+ResourceLimit::ResourceLimit(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
+ResourceLimit::~ResourceLimit() = default;
 
-ResourceLimit::ResourceLimit() {}
-ResourceLimit::~ResourceLimit() {}
-
-SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> ResourceLimit::Create(std::string name) {
-    SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> resource_limit(new ResourceLimit);
+SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> ResourceLimit::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name) {
+    SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> resource_limit(new ResourceLimit(kernel));
 
     resource_limit->name = std::move(name);
     return resource_limit;
 }
 
-SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> ResourceLimit::GetForCategory(ResourceLimitCategory category) {
-    switch (category) {
-    case ResourceLimitCategory::APPLICATION:
-    case ResourceLimitCategory::SYS_APPLET:
-    case ResourceLimitCategory::LIB_APPLET:
-    case ResourceLimitCategory::OTHER:
-        return resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(category)];
-    default:
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Kernel, "Unknown resource limit category");
-        UNREACHABLE();
-    }
-}
-
 s32 ResourceLimit::GetCurrentResourceValue(ResourceType resource) const {
     switch (resource) {
     case ResourceType::Commit:
@@ -89,66 +74,4 @@ u32 ResourceLimit::GetMaxResourceValue(ResourceType resource) const {
         return 0;
     }
 }
-
-void ResourceLimitsInit() {
-    // Create the four resource limits that the system uses
-    // Create the APPLICATION resource limit
-    SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> resource_limit = ResourceLimit::Create("Applications");
-    resource_limit->max_priority = 0x18;
-    resource_limit->max_commit = 0x4000000;
-    resource_limit->max_threads = 0x20;
-    resource_limit->max_events = 0x20;
-    resource_limit->max_mutexes = 0x20;
-    resource_limit->max_semaphores = 0x8;
-    resource_limit->max_timers = 0x8;
-    resource_limit->max_shared_mems = 0x10;
-    resource_limit->max_address_arbiters = 0x2;
-    resource_limit->max_cpu_time = 0x1E;
-    resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(ResourceLimitCategory::APPLICATION)] = resource_limit;
-
-    // Create the SYS_APPLET resource limit
-    resource_limit = ResourceLimit::Create("System Applets");
-    resource_limit->max_priority = 0x4;
-    resource_limit->max_commit = 0x5E00000;
-    resource_limit->max_threads = 0x1D;
-    resource_limit->max_events = 0xB;
-    resource_limit->max_mutexes = 0x8;
-    resource_limit->max_semaphores = 0x4;
-    resource_limit->max_timers = 0x4;
-    resource_limit->max_shared_mems = 0x8;
-    resource_limit->max_address_arbiters = 0x3;
-    resource_limit->max_cpu_time = 0x2710;
-    resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(ResourceLimitCategory::SYS_APPLET)] = resource_limit;
-
-    // Create the LIB_APPLET resource limit
-    resource_limit = ResourceLimit::Create("Library Applets");
-    resource_limit->max_priority = 0x4;
-    resource_limit->max_commit = 0x600000;
-    resource_limit->max_threads = 0xE;
-    resource_limit->max_events = 0x8;
-    resource_limit->max_mutexes = 0x8;
-    resource_limit->max_semaphores = 0x4;
-    resource_limit->max_timers = 0x4;
-    resource_limit->max_shared_mems = 0x8;
-    resource_limit->max_address_arbiters = 0x1;
-    resource_limit->max_cpu_time = 0x2710;
-    resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(ResourceLimitCategory::LIB_APPLET)] = resource_limit;
-
-    // Create the OTHER resource limit
-    resource_limit = ResourceLimit::Create("Others");
-    resource_limit->max_priority = 0x4;
-    resource_limit->max_commit = 0x2180000;
-    resource_limit->max_threads = 0xE1;
-    resource_limit->max_events = 0x108;
-    resource_limit->max_mutexes = 0x25;
-    resource_limit->max_semaphores = 0x43;
-    resource_limit->max_timers = 0x2C;
-    resource_limit->max_shared_mems = 0x1F;
-    resource_limit->max_address_arbiters = 0x2D;
-    resource_limit->max_cpu_time = 0x3E8;
-    resource_limits[static_cast<u8>(ResourceLimitCategory::OTHER)] = resource_limit;
-}
-
-void ResourceLimitsShutdown() {}
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/resource_limit.h

@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class KernelCore;
+
 enum class ResourceLimitCategory : u8 {
     APPLICATION = 0,
     SYS_APPLET = 1,
@@ -34,14 +36,7 @@ public:
     /**
      * Creates a resource limit object.
      */
-    static SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> Create(std::string name = "Unknown");
-
-    /**
-     * Retrieves the resource limit associated with the specified resource limit category.
-     * @param category The resource limit category
-     * @returns The resource limit associated with the category
-     */
-    static SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> GetForCategory(ResourceLimitCategory category);
+    static SharedPtr<ResourceLimit> Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name = "Unknown");
 
     std::string GetTypeName() const override {
         return "ResourceLimit";
@@ -113,14 +108,8 @@ public:
     s32 current_cpu_time = 0;
 
 private:
-    ResourceLimit();
+    explicit ResourceLimit(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~ResourceLimit() override;
 };
 
-/// Initializes the resource limits
-void ResourceLimitsInit();
-
-// Destroys the resource limits
-void ResourceLimitsShutdown();
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace Kernel {
 
 std::mutex Scheduler::scheduler_mutex;
 
-Scheduler::Scheduler(ARM_Interface* cpu_core) : cpu_core(cpu_core) {}
+Scheduler::Scheduler(Core::ARM_Interface* cpu_core) : cpu_core(cpu_core) {}
 
 Scheduler::~Scheduler() {
     for (auto& thread : thread_list) {

src/core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h

@@ -11,13 +11,15 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
 
+namespace Core {
 class ARM_Interface;
+}
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
 class Scheduler final {
 public:
-    explicit Scheduler(ARM_Interface* cpu_core);
+    explicit Scheduler(Core::ARM_Interface* cpu_core);
     ~Scheduler();
 
     /// Returns whether there are any threads that are ready to run.
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ private:
 
     SharedPtr<Thread> current_thread = nullptr;
 
-    ARM_Interface* cpu_core;
+    Core::ARM_Interface* cpu_core;
 
     static std::mutex scheduler_mutex;
 };

src/core/hle/kernel/server_port.cpp

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-ServerPort::ServerPort() {}
-ServerPort::~ServerPort() {}
+ServerPort::ServerPort(KernelCore& kernel) : WaitObject{kernel} {}
+ServerPort::~ServerPort() = default;
 
 ResultVal<SharedPtr<ServerSession>> ServerPort::Accept() {
     if (pending_sessions.empty()) {
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ void ServerPort::Acquire(Thread* thread) {
 }
 
 std::tuple<SharedPtr<ServerPort>, SharedPtr<ClientPort>> ServerPort::CreatePortPair(
-    u32 max_sessions, std::string name) {
+    KernelCore& kernel, u32 max_sessions, std::string name) {
 
-    SharedPtr<ServerPort> server_port(new ServerPort);
-    SharedPtr<ClientPort> client_port(new ClientPort);
+    SharedPtr<ServerPort> server_port(new ServerPort(kernel));
+    SharedPtr<ClientPort> client_port(new ClientPort(kernel));
 
     server_port->name = name + "_Server";
     client_port->name = name + "_Client";

src/core/hle/kernel/server_port.h

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 namespace Kernel {
 
 class ClientPort;
+class KernelCore;
 class ServerSession;
 class SessionRequestHandler;
 
@@ -23,12 +24,13 @@ public:
     /**
      * Creates a pair of ServerPort and an associated ClientPort.
      *
+     * @param kernel The kernel instance to create the port pair under.
      * @param max_sessions Maximum number of sessions to the port
      * @param name Optional name of the ports
      * @return The created port tuple
      */
     static std::tuple<SharedPtr<ServerPort>, SharedPtr<ClientPort>> CreatePortPair(
-        u32 max_sessions, std::string name = "UnknownPort");
+        KernelCore& kernel, u32 max_sessions, std::string name = "UnknownPort");
 
     std::string GetTypeName() const override {
         return "ServerPort";
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ public:
     void Acquire(Thread* thread) override;
 
 private:
-    ServerPort();
+    explicit ServerPort(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~ServerPort() override;
 };
 

src/core/hle/kernel/server_session.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/kernel/client_session.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/hle_ipc.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/server_session.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/session.h"
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-ServerSession::ServerSession() = default;
+ServerSession::ServerSession(KernelCore& kernel) : WaitObject{kernel} {}
 ServerSession::~ServerSession() {
     // This destructor will be called automatically when the last ServerSession handle is closed by
     // the emulated application.
@@ -35,8 +36,8 @@ ServerSession::~ServerSession() {
     parent->server = nullptr;
 }
 
-ResultVal<SharedPtr<ServerSession>> ServerSession::Create(std::string name) {
-    SharedPtr<ServerSession> server_session(new ServerSession);
+ResultVal<SharedPtr<ServerSession>> ServerSession::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name) {
+    SharedPtr<ServerSession> server_session(new ServerSession(kernel));
 
     server_session->name = std::move(name);
     server_session->parent = nullptr;
@@ -104,11 +105,10 @@ ResultCode ServerSession::HandleSyncRequest(SharedPtr<Thread> thread) {
     // The ServerSession received a sync request, this means that there's new data available
     // from its ClientSession, so wake up any threads that may be waiting on a svcReplyAndReceive or
     // similar.
-
     Kernel::HLERequestContext context(this);
     u32* cmd_buf = (u32*)Memory::GetPointer(thread->GetTLSAddress());
     context.PopulateFromIncomingCommandBuffer(cmd_buf, *Core::CurrentProcess(),
-                                              Kernel::g_handle_table);
+                                              kernel.HandleTable());
 
     ResultCode result = RESULT_SUCCESS;
     // If the session has been converted to a domain, handle the domain request
@@ -160,10 +160,11 @@ ResultCode ServerSession::HandleSyncRequest(SharedPtr<Thread> thread) {
     return result;
 }
 
-ServerSession::SessionPair ServerSession::CreateSessionPair(const std::string& name,
+ServerSession::SessionPair ServerSession::CreateSessionPair(KernelCore& kernel,
+                                                            const std::string& name,
                                                             SharedPtr<ClientPort> port) {
-    auto server_session = ServerSession::Create(name + "_Server").Unwrap();
-    SharedPtr<ClientSession> client_session(new ClientSession);
+    auto server_session = ServerSession::Create(kernel, name + "_Server").Unwrap();
+    SharedPtr<ClientSession> client_session(new ClientSession(kernel));
     client_session->name = name + "_Client";
 
     std::shared_ptr<Session> parent(new Session);

src/core/hle/kernel/server_session.h

@@ -15,13 +15,14 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-class ClientSession;
 class ClientPort;
+class ClientSession;
+class HLERequestContext;
+class KernelCore;
 class ServerSession;
 class Session;
 class SessionRequestHandler;
 class Thread;
-class HLERequestContext;
 
 /**
  * Kernel object representing the server endpoint of an IPC session. Sessions are the basic CTR-OS
@@ -50,11 +51,12 @@ public:
 
     /**
      * Creates a pair of ServerSession and an associated ClientSession.
+     * @param kernel      The kernal instance to create the session pair under.
      * @param name        Optional name of the ports.
      * @param client_port Optional The ClientPort that spawned this session.
      * @return The created session tuple
      */
-    static SessionPair CreateSessionPair(const std::string& name = "Unknown",
+    static SessionPair CreateSessionPair(KernelCore& kernel, const std::string& name = "Unknown",
                                          SharedPtr<ClientPort> client_port = nullptr);
 
     /**
@@ -111,16 +113,18 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    ServerSession();
+    explicit ServerSession(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~ServerSession() override;
 
     /**
      * Creates a server session. The server session can have an optional HLE handler,
      * which will be invoked to handle the IPC requests that this session receives.
+     * @param kernel The kernel instance to create this server session under.
      * @param name Optional name of the server session.
      * @return The created server session
      */
-    static ResultVal<SharedPtr<ServerSession>> Create(std::string name = "Unknown");
+    static ResultVal<SharedPtr<ServerSession>> Create(KernelCore& kernel,
+                                                      std::string name = "Unknown");
 
     /// Handles a SyncRequest to a domain, forwarding the request to the proper object or closing an
     /// object handle.

src/core/hle/kernel/shared_memory.cpp

@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-SharedMemory::SharedMemory() {}
-SharedMemory::~SharedMemory() {}
+SharedMemory::SharedMemory(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
+SharedMemory::~SharedMemory() = default;
 
-SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::Create(SharedPtr<Process> owner_process, u64 size,
-                                             MemoryPermission permissions,
+SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::Create(KernelCore& kernel, SharedPtr<Process> owner_process,
+                                             u64 size, MemoryPermission permissions,
                                              MemoryPermission other_permissions, VAddr address,
                                              MemoryRegion region, std::string name) {
-    SharedPtr<SharedMemory> shared_memory(new SharedMemory);
+    SharedPtr<SharedMemory> shared_memory(new SharedMemory(kernel));
 
     shared_memory->owner_process = std::move(owner_process);
     shared_memory->name = std::move(name);
@@ -59,12 +59,10 @@ SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::Create(SharedPtr<Process> owner_process, u
     return shared_memory;
 }
 
-SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::CreateForApplet(std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> heap_block,
-                                                      u32 offset, u32 size,
-                                                      MemoryPermission permissions,
-                                                      MemoryPermission other_permissions,
-                                                      std::string name) {
-    SharedPtr<SharedMemory> shared_memory(new SharedMemory);
+SharedPtr<SharedMemory> SharedMemory::CreateForApplet(
+    KernelCore& kernel, std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> heap_block, u32 offset, u32 size,
+    MemoryPermission permissions, MemoryPermission other_permissions, std::string name) {
+    SharedPtr<SharedMemory> shared_memory(new SharedMemory(kernel));
 
     shared_memory->owner_process = nullptr;
     shared_memory->name = std::move(name);
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ ResultCode SharedMemory::Map(Process* target_process, VAddr address, MemoryPermi
         static_cast<u32>(this->permissions) & ~static_cast<u32>(other_permissions)) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel, "cannot map id={}, address=0x{:X} name={}, permissions don't match",
                   GetObjectId(), address, name);
-        return ERR_WRONG_PERMISSION;
+        return ERR_INVALID_MEMORY_PERMISSIONS;
     }
 
     VAddr target_address = address;

src/core/hle/kernel/shared_memory.h

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class KernelCore;
+
 /// Permissions for mapped shared memory blocks
 enum class MemoryPermission : u32 {
     None = 0,
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ class SharedMemory final : public Object {
 public:
     /**
      * Creates a shared memory object.
+     * @param kernel The kernel instance to create a shared memory instance under.
      * @param owner_process Process that created this shared memory object.
      * @param size Size of the memory block. Must be page-aligned.
      * @param permissions Permission restrictions applied to the process which created the block.
@@ -42,14 +45,15 @@ public:
      * linear heap.
      * @param name Optional object name, used for debugging purposes.
      */
-    static SharedPtr<SharedMemory> Create(SharedPtr<Process> owner_process, u64 size,
-                                          MemoryPermission permissions,
+    static SharedPtr<SharedMemory> Create(KernelCore& kernel, SharedPtr<Process> owner_process,
+                                          u64 size, MemoryPermission permissions,
                                           MemoryPermission other_permissions, VAddr address = 0,
                                           MemoryRegion region = MemoryRegion::BASE,
                                           std::string name = "Unknown");
 
     /**
      * Creates a shared memory object from a block of memory managed by an HLE applet.
+     * @param kernel The kernel instance to create a shared memory instance under.
      * @param heap_block Heap block of the HLE applet.
      * @param offset The offset into the heap block that the SharedMemory will map.
      * @param size Size of the memory block. Must be page-aligned.
@@ -58,7 +62,8 @@ public:
      * block.
      * @param name Optional object name, used for debugging purposes.
      */
-    static SharedPtr<SharedMemory> CreateForApplet(std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> heap_block,
+    static SharedPtr<SharedMemory> CreateForApplet(KernelCore& kernel,
+                                                   std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> heap_block,
                                                    u32 offset, u32 size,
                                                    MemoryPermission permissions,
                                                    MemoryPermission other_permissions,
@@ -125,7 +130,7 @@ public:
     std::string name;
 
 private:
-    SharedMemory();
+    explicit SharedMemory(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~SharedMemory() override;
 };
 

src/core/hle/kernel/svc.cpp

@@ -12,16 +12,20 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
 #include "common/string_util.h"
+#include "core/arm/exclusive_monitor.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_cpu.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/address_arbiter.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/client_port.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/client_session.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/mutex.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/resource_limit.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/shared_memory.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/svc_wrap.h"
@@ -64,19 +68,22 @@ static ResultCode UnmapMemory(VAddr dst_addr, VAddr src_addr, u64 size) {
 
 /// Connect to an OS service given the port name, returns the handle to the port to out
 static ResultCode ConnectToNamedPort(Handle* out_handle, VAddr port_name_address) {
-    if (!Memory::IsValidVirtualAddress(port_name_address))
+    if (!Memory::IsValidVirtualAddress(port_name_address)) {
         return ERR_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
 
     static constexpr std::size_t PortNameMaxLength = 11;
     // Read 1 char beyond the max allowed port name to detect names that are too long.
     std::string port_name = Memory::ReadCString(port_name_address, PortNameMaxLength + 1);
-    if (port_name.size() > PortNameMaxLength)
+    if (port_name.size() > PortNameMaxLength) {
         return ERR_PORT_NAME_TOO_LONG;
+    }
 
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called port_name={}", port_name);
 
-    auto it = Service::g_kernel_named_ports.find(port_name);
-    if (it == Service::g_kernel_named_ports.end()) {
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    auto it = kernel.FindNamedPort(port_name);
+    if (!kernel.IsValidNamedPort(it)) {
         LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC, "tried to connect to unknown port: {}", port_name);
         return ERR_NOT_FOUND;
     }
@@ -87,13 +94,14 @@ static ResultCode ConnectToNamedPort(Handle* out_handle, VAddr port_name_address
     CASCADE_RESULT(client_session, client_port->Connect());
 
     // Return the client session
-    CASCADE_RESULT(*out_handle, g_handle_table.Create(client_session));
+    CASCADE_RESULT(*out_handle, kernel.HandleTable().Create(client_session));
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 /// Makes a blocking IPC call to an OS service.
 static ResultCode SendSyncRequest(Handle handle) {
-    SharedPtr<ClientSession> session = g_handle_table.Get<ClientSession>(handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    SharedPtr<ClientSession> session = kernel.HandleTable().Get<ClientSession>(handle);
     if (!session) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_SVC, "called with invalid handle=0x{:08X}", handle);
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
@@ -112,7 +120,8 @@ static ResultCode SendSyncRequest(Handle handle) {
 static ResultCode GetThreadId(u32* thread_id, Handle thread_handle) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called thread=0x{:08X}", thread_handle);
 
-    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
     if (!thread) {
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -125,7 +134,8 @@ static ResultCode GetThreadId(u32* thread_id, Handle thread_handle) {
 static ResultCode GetProcessId(u32* process_id, Handle process_handle) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called process=0x{:08X}", process_handle);
 
-    const SharedPtr<Process> process = g_handle_table.Get<Process>(process_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    const SharedPtr<Process> process = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Process>(process_handle);
     if (!process) {
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -168,10 +178,11 @@ static ResultCode WaitSynchronization(Handle* index, VAddr handles_address, u64
 
     using ObjectPtr = SharedPtr<WaitObject>;
     std::vector<ObjectPtr> objects(handle_count);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
 
     for (u64 i = 0; i < handle_count; ++i) {
         const Handle handle = Memory::Read32(handles_address + i * sizeof(Handle));
-        const auto object = g_handle_table.Get<WaitObject>(handle);
+        const auto object = kernel.HandleTable().Get<WaitObject>(handle);
 
         if (object == nullptr) {
             return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
@@ -219,7 +230,8 @@ static ResultCode WaitSynchronization(Handle* index, VAddr handles_address, u64
 static ResultCode CancelSynchronization(Handle thread_handle) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called thread=0x{:X}", thread_handle);
 
-    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
     if (!thread) {
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -239,7 +251,9 @@ static ResultCode ArbitrateLock(Handle holding_thread_handle, VAddr mutex_addr,
               "requesting_current_thread_handle=0x{:08X}",
               holding_thread_handle, mutex_addr, requesting_thread_handle);
 
-    return Mutex::TryAcquire(mutex_addr, holding_thread_handle, requesting_thread_handle);
+    auto& handle_table = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel().HandleTable();
+    return Mutex::TryAcquire(handle_table, mutex_addr, holding_thread_handle,
+                             requesting_thread_handle);
 }
 
 /// Unlock a mutex
@@ -319,8 +333,7 @@ static ResultCode GetInfo(u64* result, u64 info_id, u64 handle, u64 info_sub_id)
         *result = Core::CurrentProcess()->is_virtual_address_memory_enabled;
         break;
     case GetInfoType::TitleId:
-        LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC, "(STUBBED) Attempted to query titleid, returned 0");
-        *result = 0;
+        *result = Core::CurrentProcess()->program_id;
         break;
     case GetInfoType::PrivilegedProcessId:
         LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC,
@@ -353,7 +366,8 @@ static ResultCode GetThreadContext(Handle handle, VAddr addr) {
 
 /// Gets the priority for the specified thread
 static ResultCode GetThreadPriority(u32* priority, Handle handle) {
-    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(handle);
     if (!thread)
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
 
@@ -367,7 +381,8 @@ static ResultCode SetThreadPriority(Handle handle, u32 priority) {
         return ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE;
     }
 
-    SharedPtr<Thread> thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    SharedPtr<Thread> thread = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(handle);
     if (!thread)
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
 
@@ -396,7 +411,8 @@ static ResultCode MapSharedMemory(Handle shared_memory_handle, VAddr addr, u64 s
               "called, shared_memory_handle=0x{:X}, addr=0x{:X}, size=0x{:X}, permissions=0x{:08X}",
               shared_memory_handle, addr, size, permissions);
 
-    SharedPtr<SharedMemory> shared_memory = g_handle_table.Get<SharedMemory>(shared_memory_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    auto shared_memory = kernel.HandleTable().Get<SharedMemory>(shared_memory_handle);
     if (!shared_memory) {
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -424,7 +440,8 @@ static ResultCode UnmapSharedMemory(Handle shared_memory_handle, VAddr addr, u64
     LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC, "called, shared_memory_handle=0x{:08X}, addr=0x{:X}, size=0x{:X}",
                 shared_memory_handle, addr, size);
 
-    SharedPtr<SharedMemory> shared_memory = g_handle_table.Get<SharedMemory>(shared_memory_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    auto shared_memory = kernel.HandleTable().Get<SharedMemory>(shared_memory_handle);
 
     return shared_memory->Unmap(Core::CurrentProcess().get(), addr);
 }
@@ -432,7 +449,9 @@ static ResultCode UnmapSharedMemory(Handle shared_memory_handle, VAddr addr, u64
 /// Query process memory
 static ResultCode QueryProcessMemory(MemoryInfo* memory_info, PageInfo* /*page_info*/,
                                      Handle process_handle, u64 addr) {
-    SharedPtr<Process> process = g_handle_table.Get<Process>(process_handle);
+
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    SharedPtr<Process> process = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Process>(process_handle);
     if (!process) {
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -529,10 +548,11 @@ static ResultCode CreateThread(Handle* out_handle, VAddr entry_point, u64 arg, V
         break;
     }
 
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
     CASCADE_RESULT(SharedPtr<Thread> thread,
-                   Thread::Create(name, entry_point, priority, arg, processor_id, stack_top,
+                   Thread::Create(kernel, name, entry_point, priority, arg, processor_id, stack_top,
                                   Core::CurrentProcess()));
-    CASCADE_RESULT(thread->guest_handle, g_handle_table.Create(thread));
+    CASCADE_RESULT(thread->guest_handle, kernel.HandleTable().Create(thread));
     *out_handle = thread->guest_handle;
 
     Core::System::GetInstance().CpuCore(thread->processor_id).PrepareReschedule();
@@ -549,7 +569,8 @@ static ResultCode CreateThread(Handle* out_handle, VAddr entry_point, u64 arg, V
 static ResultCode StartThread(Handle thread_handle) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called thread=0x{:08X}", thread_handle);
 
-    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
     if (!thread) {
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -596,7 +617,8 @@ static ResultCode WaitProcessWideKeyAtomic(VAddr mutex_addr, VAddr condition_var
         "called mutex_addr={:X}, condition_variable_addr={:X}, thread_handle=0x{:08X}, timeout={}",
         mutex_addr, condition_variable_addr, thread_handle, nano_seconds);
 
-    SharedPtr<Thread> thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    SharedPtr<Thread> thread = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
     ASSERT(thread);
 
     CASCADE_CODE(Mutex::Release(mutex_addr));
@@ -705,8 +727,9 @@ static ResultCode SignalProcessWideKey(VAddr condition_variable_addr, s32 target
                                                mutex_val | Mutex::MutexHasWaitersFlag));
 
             // The mutex is already owned by some other thread, make this thread wait on it.
+            auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
             Handle owner_handle = static_cast<Handle>(mutex_val & Mutex::MutexOwnerMask);
-            auto owner = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(owner_handle);
+            auto owner = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(owner_handle);
             ASSERT(owner);
             ASSERT(thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitMutex);
             thread->wakeup_callback = nullptr;
@@ -784,14 +807,20 @@ static u64 GetSystemTick() {
 /// Close a handle
 static ResultCode CloseHandle(Handle handle) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "Closing handle 0x{:08X}", handle);
-    return g_handle_table.Close(handle);
+
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    return kernel.HandleTable().Close(handle);
 }
 
 /// Reset an event
 static ResultCode ResetSignal(Handle handle) {
     LOG_WARNING(Kernel_SVC, "(STUBBED) called handle 0x{:08X}", handle);
-    auto event = g_handle_table.Get<Event>(handle);
+
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    auto event = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Event>(handle);
+
     ASSERT(event != nullptr);
+
     event->Clear();
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -807,7 +836,8 @@ static ResultCode CreateTransferMemory(Handle* handle, VAddr addr, u64 size, u32
 static ResultCode GetThreadCoreMask(Handle thread_handle, u32* core, u64* mask) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called, handle=0x{:08X}", thread_handle);
 
-    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
     if (!thread) {
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -822,7 +852,8 @@ static ResultCode SetThreadCoreMask(Handle thread_handle, u32 core, u64 mask) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Kernel_SVC, "called, handle=0x{:08X}, mask=0x{:16X}, core=0x{:X}", thread_handle,
               mask, core);
 
-    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = g_handle_table.Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    const SharedPtr<Thread> thread = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Thread>(thread_handle);
     if (!thread) {
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     }
@@ -862,19 +893,23 @@ static ResultCode CreateSharedMemory(Handle* handle, u64 size, u32 local_permiss
                                      u32 remote_permissions) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called, size=0x{:X}, localPerms=0x{:08X}, remotePerms=0x{:08X}", size,
               local_permissions, remote_permissions);
-    auto sharedMemHandle =
-        SharedMemory::Create(g_handle_table.Get<Process>(KernelHandle::CurrentProcess), size,
+
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    auto& handle_table = kernel.HandleTable();
+    auto shared_mem_handle =
+        SharedMemory::Create(kernel, handle_table.Get<Process>(KernelHandle::CurrentProcess), size,
                              static_cast<MemoryPermission>(local_permissions),
                              static_cast<MemoryPermission>(remote_permissions));
 
-    CASCADE_RESULT(*handle, g_handle_table.Create(sharedMemHandle));
+    CASCADE_RESULT(*handle, handle_table.Create(shared_mem_handle));
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static ResultCode ClearEvent(Handle handle) {
     LOG_TRACE(Kernel_SVC, "called, event=0x{:08X}", handle);
 
-    SharedPtr<Event> evt = g_handle_table.Get<Event>(handle);
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    SharedPtr<Event> evt = kernel.HandleTable().Get<Event>(handle);
     if (evt == nullptr)
         return ERR_INVALID_HANDLE;
     evt->Clear();

src/core/hle/kernel/thread.cpp

@@ -16,22 +16,21 @@
 #include "common/thread_queue_list.h"
 #include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
+#include "core/core_cpu.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/core_timing_util.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/errors.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/scheduler.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
-#include "core/hle/lock.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-/// Event type for the thread wake up event
-static CoreTiming::EventType* ThreadWakeupEventType = nullptr;
-
 bool Thread::ShouldWait(Thread* thread) const {
     return status != ThreadStatus::Dead;
 }
@@ -40,32 +39,17 @@ void Thread::Acquire(Thread* thread) {
     ASSERT_MSG(!ShouldWait(thread), "object unavailable!");
 }
 
-// TODO(yuriks): This can be removed if Thread objects are explicitly pooled in the future, allowing
-//               us to simply use a pool index or similar.
-static Kernel::HandleTable wakeup_callback_handle_table;
-
-// The first available thread id at startup
-static u32 next_thread_id;
-
-/**
- * Creates a new thread ID
- * @return The new thread ID
- */
-inline static u32 const NewThreadId() {
-    return next_thread_id++;
-}
-
-Thread::Thread() {}
-Thread::~Thread() {}
+Thread::Thread(KernelCore& kernel) : WaitObject{kernel} {}
+Thread::~Thread() = default;
 
 void Thread::Stop() {
     // Cancel any outstanding wakeup events for this thread
-    CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(ThreadWakeupEventType, callback_handle);
-    wakeup_callback_handle_table.Close(callback_handle);
+    CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(kernel.ThreadWakeupCallbackEventType(), callback_handle);
+    kernel.ThreadWakeupCallbackHandleTable().Close(callback_handle);
     callback_handle = 0;
 
     // Clean up thread from ready queue
-    // This is only needed when the thread is termintated forcefully (SVC TerminateProcess)
+    // This is only needed when the thread is terminated forcefully (SVC TerminateProcess)
     if (status == ThreadStatus::Ready) {
         scheduler->UnscheduleThread(this, current_priority);
     }
@@ -98,63 +82,6 @@ void ExitCurrentThread() {
     Core::System::GetInstance().CurrentScheduler().RemoveThread(thread);
 }
 
-/**
- * Callback that will wake up the thread it was scheduled for
- * @param thread_handle The handle of the thread that's been awoken
- * @param cycles_late The number of CPU cycles that have passed since the desired wakeup time
- */
-static void ThreadWakeupCallback(u64 thread_handle, int cycles_late) {
-    const auto proper_handle = static_cast<Handle>(thread_handle);
-
-    // Lock the global kernel mutex when we enter the kernel HLE.
-    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(HLE::g_hle_lock);
-
-    SharedPtr<Thread> thread = wakeup_callback_handle_table.Get<Thread>(proper_handle);
-    if (thread == nullptr) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Kernel, "Callback fired for invalid thread {:08X}", proper_handle);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    bool resume = true;
-
-    if (thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitSynchAny ||
-        thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitSynchAll ||
-        thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitHLEEvent) {
-        // Remove the thread from each of its waiting objects' waitlists
-        for (auto& object : thread->wait_objects)
-            object->RemoveWaitingThread(thread.get());
-        thread->wait_objects.clear();
-
-        // Invoke the wakeup callback before clearing the wait objects
-        if (thread->wakeup_callback)
-            resume = thread->wakeup_callback(ThreadWakeupReason::Timeout, thread, nullptr, 0);
-    }
-
-    if (thread->mutex_wait_address != 0 || thread->condvar_wait_address != 0 ||
-        thread->wait_handle) {
-        ASSERT(thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitMutex);
-        thread->mutex_wait_address = 0;
-        thread->condvar_wait_address = 0;
-        thread->wait_handle = 0;
-
-        auto lock_owner = thread->lock_owner;
-        // Threads waking up by timeout from WaitProcessWideKey do not perform priority inheritance
-        // and don't have a lock owner unless SignalProcessWideKey was called first and the thread
-        // wasn't awakened due to the mutex already being acquired.
-        if (lock_owner) {
-            lock_owner->RemoveMutexWaiter(thread);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (thread->arb_wait_address != 0) {
-        ASSERT(thread->status == ThreadStatus::WaitArb);
-        thread->arb_wait_address = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (resume)
-        thread->ResumeFromWait();
-}
-
 void Thread::WakeAfterDelay(s64 nanoseconds) {
     // Don't schedule a wakeup if the thread wants to wait forever
     if (nanoseconds == -1)
@@ -162,12 +89,12 @@ void Thread::WakeAfterDelay(s64 nanoseconds) {
 
     // This function might be called from any thread so we have to be cautious and use the
     // thread-safe version of ScheduleEvent.
-    CoreTiming::ScheduleEventThreadsafe(CoreTiming::nsToCycles(nanoseconds), ThreadWakeupEventType,
-                                        callback_handle);
+    CoreTiming::ScheduleEventThreadsafe(CoreTiming::nsToCycles(nanoseconds),
+                                        kernel.ThreadWakeupCallbackEventType(), callback_handle);
 }
 
 void Thread::CancelWakeupTimer() {
-    CoreTiming::UnscheduleEventThreadsafe(ThreadWakeupEventType, callback_handle);
+    CoreTiming::UnscheduleEventThreadsafe(kernel.ThreadWakeupCallbackEventType(), callback_handle);
 }
 
 static boost::optional<s32> GetNextProcessorId(u64 mask) {
@@ -283,9 +210,9 @@ static std::tuple<std::size_t, std::size_t, bool> GetFreeThreadLocalSlot(
  * @param entry_point Address of entry point for execution
  * @param arg User argument for thread
  */
-static void ResetThreadContext(ARM_Interface::ThreadContext& context, VAddr stack_top,
+static void ResetThreadContext(Core::ARM_Interface::ThreadContext& context, VAddr stack_top,
                                VAddr entry_point, u64 arg) {
-    memset(&context, 0, sizeof(ARM_Interface::ThreadContext));
+    memset(&context, 0, sizeof(Core::ARM_Interface::ThreadContext));
 
     context.cpu_registers[0] = arg;
     context.pc = entry_point;
@@ -294,9 +221,9 @@ static void ResetThreadContext(ARM_Interface::ThreadContext& context, VAddr stac
     context.fpscr = 0;
 }
 
-ResultVal<SharedPtr<Thread>> Thread::Create(std::string name, VAddr entry_point, u32 priority,
-                                            u64 arg, s32 processor_id, VAddr stack_top,
-                                            SharedPtr<Process> owner_process) {
+ResultVal<SharedPtr<Thread>> Thread::Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name, VAddr entry_point,
+                                            u32 priority, u64 arg, s32 processor_id,
+                                            VAddr stack_top, SharedPtr<Process> owner_process) {
     // Check if priority is in ranged. Lowest priority -> highest priority id.
     if (priority > THREADPRIO_LOWEST) {
         LOG_ERROR(Kernel_SVC, "Invalid thread priority: {}", priority);
@@ -316,9 +243,9 @@ ResultVal<SharedPtr<Thread>> Thread::Create(std::string name, VAddr entry_point,
         return ResultCode(-1);
     }
 
-    SharedPtr<Thread> thread(new Thread);
+    SharedPtr<Thread> thread(new Thread(kernel));
 
-    thread->thread_id = NewThreadId();
+    thread->thread_id = kernel.CreateNewThreadID();
     thread->status = ThreadStatus::Dormant;
     thread->entry_point = entry_point;
     thread->stack_top = stack_top;
@@ -333,7 +260,7 @@ ResultVal<SharedPtr<Thread>> Thread::Create(std::string name, VAddr entry_point,
     thread->condvar_wait_address = 0;
     thread->wait_handle = 0;
     thread->name = std::move(name);
-    thread->callback_handle = wakeup_callback_handle_table.Create(thread).Unwrap();
+    thread->callback_handle = kernel.ThreadWakeupCallbackHandleTable().Create(thread).Unwrap();
     thread->owner_process = owner_process;
     thread->scheduler = Core::System::GetInstance().Scheduler(processor_id);
     thread->scheduler->AddThread(thread, priority);
@@ -383,19 +310,19 @@ void Thread::BoostPriority(u32 priority) {
     current_priority = priority;
 }
 
-SharedPtr<Thread> SetupMainThread(VAddr entry_point, u32 priority,
+SharedPtr<Thread> SetupMainThread(KernelCore& kernel, VAddr entry_point, u32 priority,
                                   SharedPtr<Process> owner_process) {
     // Setup page table so we can write to memory
     SetCurrentPageTable(&Core::CurrentProcess()->vm_manager.page_table);
 
     // Initialize new "main" thread
-    auto thread_res = Thread::Create("main", entry_point, priority, 0, THREADPROCESSORID_0,
+    auto thread_res = Thread::Create(kernel, "main", entry_point, priority, 0, THREADPROCESSORID_0,
                                      Memory::STACK_AREA_VADDR_END, std::move(owner_process));
 
     SharedPtr<Thread> thread = std::move(thread_res).Unwrap();
 
     // Register 1 must be a handle to the main thread
-    thread->guest_handle = Kernel::g_handle_table.Create(thread).Unwrap();
+    thread->guest_handle = kernel.HandleTable().Create(thread).Unwrap();
 
     thread->context.cpu_registers[1] = thread->guest_handle;
 
@@ -528,13 +455,4 @@ Thread* GetCurrentThread() {
     return Core::System::GetInstance().CurrentScheduler().GetCurrentThread();
 }
 
-void ThreadingInit() {
-    ThreadWakeupEventType = CoreTiming::RegisterEvent("ThreadWakeupCallback", ThreadWakeupCallback);
-    next_thread_id = 1;
-}
-
-void ThreadingShutdown() {
-    Kernel::ClearProcessList();
-}
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/thread.h

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ enum class ThreadWakeupReason {
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class KernelCore;
 class Process;
 class Scheduler;
 
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ class Thread final : public WaitObject {
 public:
     /**
      * Creates and returns a new thread. The new thread is immediately scheduled
+     * @param kernel The kernel instance this thread will be created under.
      * @param name The friendly name desired for the thread
      * @param entry_point The address at which the thread should start execution
      * @param priority The thread's priority
@@ -72,8 +74,9 @@ public:
      * @param owner_process The parent process for the thread
      * @return A shared pointer to the newly created thread
      */
-    static ResultVal<SharedPtr<Thread>> Create(std::string name, VAddr entry_point, u32 priority,
-                                               u64 arg, s32 processor_id, VAddr stack_top,
+    static ResultVal<SharedPtr<Thread>> Create(KernelCore& kernel, std::string name,
+                                               VAddr entry_point, u32 priority, u64 arg,
+                                               s32 processor_id, VAddr stack_top,
                                                SharedPtr<Process> owner_process);
 
     std::string GetName() const override {
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ public:
         return status == ThreadStatus::WaitSynchAll;
     }
 
-    ARM_Interface::ThreadContext context;
+    Core::ARM_Interface::ThreadContext context;
 
     u32 thread_id;
 
@@ -263,7 +266,7 @@ public:
     u64 affinity_mask{0x1};
 
 private:
-    Thread();
+    explicit Thread(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~Thread() override;
 
     std::shared_ptr<std::vector<u8>> tls_memory = std::make_shared<std::vector<u8>>();
@@ -271,12 +274,13 @@ private:
 
 /**
  * Sets up the primary application thread
+ * @param kernel The kernel instance to create the main thread under.
  * @param entry_point The address at which the thread should start execution
  * @param priority The priority to give the main thread
  * @param owner_process The parent process for the main thread
  * @return A shared pointer to the main thread
  */
-SharedPtr<Thread> SetupMainThread(VAddr entry_point, u32 priority,
+SharedPtr<Thread> SetupMainThread(KernelCore& kernel, VAddr entry_point, u32 priority,
                                   SharedPtr<Process> owner_process);
 
 /**
@@ -294,14 +298,4 @@ void WaitCurrentThread_Sleep();
  */
 void ExitCurrentThread();
 
-/**
- * Initialize threading
- */
-void ThreadingInit();
-
-/**
- * Shutdown threading
- */
-void ThreadingShutdown();
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/timer.cpp

@@ -2,36 +2,31 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <cinttypes>
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/core_timing_util.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/handle_table.h"
+#include "core/hle/kernel/kernel.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/thread.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/timer.h"
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-/// The event type of the generic timer callback event
-static CoreTiming::EventType* timer_callback_event_type = nullptr;
-// TODO(yuriks): This can be removed if Timer objects are explicitly pooled in the future, allowing
-//               us to simply use a pool index or similar.
-static Kernel::HandleTable timer_callback_handle_table;
+Timer::Timer(KernelCore& kernel) : WaitObject{kernel} {}
+Timer::~Timer() = default;
 
-Timer::Timer() {}
-Timer::~Timer() {}
-
-SharedPtr<Timer> Timer::Create(ResetType reset_type, std::string name) {
-    SharedPtr<Timer> timer(new Timer);
+SharedPtr<Timer> Timer::Create(KernelCore& kernel, ResetType reset_type, std::string name) {
+    SharedPtr<Timer> timer(new Timer(kernel));
 
     timer->reset_type = reset_type;
     timer->signaled = false;
     timer->name = std::move(name);
     timer->initial_delay = 0;
     timer->interval_delay = 0;
-    timer->callback_handle = timer_callback_handle_table.Create(timer).Unwrap();
+    timer->callback_handle = kernel.CreateTimerCallbackHandle(timer).Unwrap();
 
     return timer;
 }
@@ -58,13 +53,13 @@ void Timer::Set(s64 initial, s64 interval) {
         // Immediately invoke the callback
         Signal(0);
     } else {
-        CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(CoreTiming::nsToCycles(initial), timer_callback_event_type,
+        CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(CoreTiming::nsToCycles(initial), kernel.TimerCallbackEventType(),
                                   callback_handle);
     }
 }
 
 void Timer::Cancel() {
-    CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(timer_callback_event_type, callback_handle);
+    CoreTiming::UnscheduleEvent(kernel.TimerCallbackEventType(), callback_handle);
 }
 
 void Timer::Clear() {
@@ -89,28 +84,8 @@ void Timer::Signal(int cycles_late) {
     if (interval_delay != 0) {
         // Reschedule the timer with the interval delay
         CoreTiming::ScheduleEvent(CoreTiming::nsToCycles(interval_delay) - cycles_late,
-                                  timer_callback_event_type, callback_handle);
+                                  kernel.TimerCallbackEventType(), callback_handle);
     }
 }
 
-/// The timer callback event, called when a timer is fired
-static void TimerCallback(u64 timer_handle, int cycles_late) {
-    SharedPtr<Timer> timer =
-        timer_callback_handle_table.Get<Timer>(static_cast<Handle>(timer_handle));
-
-    if (timer == nullptr) {
-        LOG_CRITICAL(Kernel, "Callback fired for invalid timer {:016X}", timer_handle);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    timer->Signal(cycles_late);
-}
-
-void TimersInit() {
-    timer_callback_handle_table.Clear();
-    timer_callback_event_type = CoreTiming::RegisterEvent("TimerCallback", TimerCallback);
-}
-
-void TimersShutdown() {}
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/timer.h

@@ -10,15 +10,19 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class KernelCore;
+
 class Timer final : public WaitObject {
 public:
     /**
      * Creates a timer
+     * @param kernel The kernel instance to create the timer callback handle for.
      * @param reset_type ResetType describing how to create the timer
      * @param name Optional name of timer
      * @return The created Timer
      */
-    static SharedPtr<Timer> Create(ResetType reset_type, std::string name = "Unknown");
+    static SharedPtr<Timer> Create(KernelCore& kernel, ResetType reset_type,
+                                   std::string name = "Unknown");
 
     std::string GetTypeName() const override {
         return "Timer";
@@ -68,7 +72,7 @@ public:
     void Signal(int cycles_late);
 
 private:
-    Timer();
+    explicit Timer(KernelCore& kernel);
     ~Timer() override;
 
     ResetType reset_type; ///< The ResetType of this timer
@@ -83,9 +87,4 @@ private:
     Handle callback_handle;
 };
 
-/// Initializes the required variables for timers
-void TimersInit();
-/// Tears down the timer variables
-void TimersShutdown();
-
 } // namespace Kernel

src/core/hle/kernel/wait_object.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+WaitObject::WaitObject(KernelCore& kernel) : Object{kernel} {}
+WaitObject::~WaitObject() = default;
+
 void WaitObject::AddWaitingThread(SharedPtr<Thread> thread) {
     auto itr = std::find(waiting_threads.begin(), waiting_threads.end(), thread);
     if (itr == waiting_threads.end())

src/core/hle/kernel/wait_object.h

@@ -11,11 +11,15 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
+class KernelCore;
 class Thread;
 
 /// Class that represents a Kernel object that a thread can be waiting on
 class WaitObject : public Object {
 public:
+    explicit WaitObject(KernelCore& kernel);
+    ~WaitObject() override;
+
     /**
      * Check if the specified thread should wait until the object is available
      * @param thread The thread about which we're deciding.

src/core/hle/result.h

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    ResultVal(ResultVal&& o) : result_code(o.result_code) {
+    ResultVal(ResultVal&& o) noexcept : result_code(o.result_code) {
         if (!o.empty()) {
             new (&object) T(std::move(o.object));
         }

src/core/hle/service/am/am.cpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/apm/apm.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvflinger/nvflinger.h"
+#include "core/hle/service/pm/pm.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/set/set.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
 
@@ -159,8 +160,9 @@ ISelfController::ISelfController(std::shared_ptr<NVFlinger::NVFlinger> nvflinger
     };
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
     launchable_event =
-        Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::Sticky, "ISelfController:LaunchableEvent");
+        Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::Sticky, "ISelfController:LaunchableEvent");
 }
 
 void ISelfController::SetFocusHandlingMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@ ICommonStateGetter::ICommonStateGetter() : ServiceFramework("ICommonStateGetter"
         {5, &ICommonStateGetter::GetOperationMode, "GetOperationMode"},
         {6, &ICommonStateGetter::GetPerformanceMode, "GetPerformanceMode"},
         {7, nullptr, "GetCradleStatus"},
-        {8, nullptr, "GetBootMode"},
+        {8, &ICommonStateGetter::GetBootMode, "GetBootMode"},
         {9, &ICommonStateGetter::GetCurrentFocusState, "GetCurrentFocusState"},
         {10, nullptr, "RequestToAcquireSleepLock"},
         {11, nullptr, "ReleaseSleepLock"},
@@ -331,7 +333,17 @@ ICommonStateGetter::ICommonStateGetter() : ServiceFramework("ICommonStateGetter"
     };
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
-    event = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "ICommonStateGetter:Event");
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    event = Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "ICommonStateGetter:Event");
+}
+
+void ICommonStateGetter::GetBootMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 3};
+    rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
+
+    rb.Push<u8>(static_cast<u8>(Service::PM::SystemBootMode::Normal)); // Normal boot mode
+
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_AM, "called");
 }
 
 void ICommonStateGetter::GetEventHandle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
@@ -495,7 +507,8 @@ public:
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
-        state_changed_event = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot,
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+        state_changed_event = Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot,
                                                     "ILibraryAppletAccessor:StateChangedEvent");
     }
 

src/core/hle/service/am/am.h

@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ private:
     void GetDefaultDisplayResolutionChangeEvent(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetOperationMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetPerformanceMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void GetBootMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
 
     Kernel::SharedPtr<Kernel::Event> event;
 };

src/core/hle/service/audio/audout_u.cpp

@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ public:
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
         // This is the event handle used to check if the audio buffer was released
-        buffer_event = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::Sticky, "IAudioOutBufferReleased");
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+        buffer_event =
+            Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::Sticky, "IAudioOutBufferReleased");
 
         stream = audio_core.OpenStream(audio_params.sample_rate, audio_params.channel_count,
                                        "IAudioOut", [=]() { buffer_event->Signal(); });

src/core/hle/service/audio/audren_u.cpp

@@ -35,8 +35,9 @@ public:
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
         system_event =
-            Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::Sticky, "IAudioRenderer:SystemEvent");
+            Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::Sticky, "IAudioRenderer:SystemEvent");
         renderer = std::make_unique<AudioCore::AudioRenderer>(audren_params, system_event);
     }
 
@@ -121,8 +122,9 @@ public:
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
-        buffer_event =
-            Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IAudioOutBufferReleasedEvent");
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+        buffer_event = Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot,
+                                             "IAudioOutBufferReleasedEvent");
     }
 
 private:

src/core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.cpp

@@ -60,17 +60,20 @@ ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::CreateFile(const std::string& path_, u64
 
 ResultCode VfsDirectoryServiceWrapper::DeleteFile(const std::string& path_) const {
     std::string path(FileUtil::SanitizePath(path_));
-    auto dir = GetDirectoryRelativeWrapped(backing, FileUtil::GetParentPath(path));
     if (path.empty()) {
         // TODO(DarkLordZach): Why do games call this and what should it do? Works as is but...
         return RESULT_SUCCESS;
     }
-    if (dir->GetFile(FileUtil::GetFilename(path)) == nullptr)
+
+    auto dir = GetDirectoryRelativeWrapped(backing, FileUtil::GetParentPath(path));
+    if (dir->GetFile(FileUtil::GetFilename(path)) == nullptr) {
         return FileSys::ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
     if (!dir->DeleteFile(FileUtil::GetFilename(path))) {
         // TODO(DarkLordZach): Find a better error code for this
         return ResultCode(-1);
     }
+
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -254,7 +257,7 @@ ResultCode RegisterSDMC(std::unique_ptr<FileSys::SDMCFactory>&& factory) {
 ResultCode RegisterBIS(std::unique_ptr<FileSys::BISFactory>&& factory) {
     ASSERT_MSG(bis_factory == nullptr, "Tried to register a second BIS");
     bis_factory = std::move(factory);
-    LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Registred BIS");
+    LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "Registered BIS");
     return RESULT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -305,17 +308,38 @@ ResultVal<FileSys::VirtualDir> OpenSDMC() {
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<FileSys::RegisteredCache> GetSystemNANDContents() {
+    LOG_TRACE(Service_FS, "Opening System NAND Contents");
+
+    if (bis_factory == nullptr)
+        return nullptr;
+
     return bis_factory->GetSystemNANDContents();
 }
 
 std::shared_ptr<FileSys::RegisteredCache> GetUserNANDContents() {
+    LOG_TRACE(Service_FS, "Opening User NAND Contents");
+
+    if (bis_factory == nullptr)
+        return nullptr;
+
     return bis_factory->GetUserNANDContents();
 }
 
-void RegisterFileSystems(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs) {
-    romfs_factory = nullptr;
-    save_data_factory = nullptr;
-    sdmc_factory = nullptr;
+std::shared_ptr<FileSys::RegisteredCache> GetSDMCContents() {
+    LOG_TRACE(Service_FS, "Opening SDMC Contents");
+
+    if (sdmc_factory == nullptr)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    return sdmc_factory->GetSDMCContents();
+}
+
+void CreateFactories(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs, bool overwrite) {
+    if (overwrite) {
+        bis_factory = nullptr;
+        save_data_factory = nullptr;
+        sdmc_factory = nullptr;
+    }
 
     auto nand_directory = vfs->OpenDirectory(FileUtil::GetUserPath(FileUtil::UserPath::NANDDir),
                                              FileSys::Mode::ReadWrite);
@@ -324,16 +348,15 @@ void RegisterFileSystems(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs) {
 
     if (bis_factory == nullptr)
         bis_factory = std::make_unique<FileSys::BISFactory>(nand_directory);
-
-    auto savedata = std::make_unique<FileSys::SaveDataFactory>(std::move(nand_directory));
-    save_data_factory = std::move(savedata);
-
-    auto sdcard = std::make_unique<FileSys::SDMCFactory>(std::move(sd_directory));
-    sdmc_factory = std::move(sdcard);
+    if (save_data_factory == nullptr)
+        save_data_factory = std::make_unique<FileSys::SaveDataFactory>(std::move(nand_directory));
+    if (sdmc_factory == nullptr)
+        sdmc_factory = std::make_unique<FileSys::SDMCFactory>(std::move(sd_directory));
 }
 
 void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager, const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs) {
-    RegisterFileSystems(vfs);
+    romfs_factory = nullptr;
+    CreateFactories(vfs, false);
     std::make_shared<FSP_LDR>()->InstallAsService(service_manager);
     std::make_shared<FSP_PR>()->InstallAsService(service_manager);
     std::make_shared<FSP_SRV>()->InstallAsService(service_manager);

src/core/hle/service/filesystem/filesystem.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/file_sys/directory.h"
+#include "core/file_sys/vfs.h"
 #include "core/hle/result.h"
 
 namespace FileSys {
@@ -46,8 +47,12 @@ ResultVal<FileSys::VirtualDir> OpenSDMC();
 
 std::shared_ptr<FileSys::RegisteredCache> GetSystemNANDContents();
 std::shared_ptr<FileSys::RegisteredCache> GetUserNANDContents();
+std::shared_ptr<FileSys::RegisteredCache> GetSDMCContents();
+
+// Creates the SaveData, SDMC, and BIS Factories. Should be called once and before any function
+// above is called.
+void CreateFactories(const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs, bool overwrite = true);
 
-/// Registers all Filesystem services with the specified service manager.
 void InstallInterfaces(SM::ServiceManager& service_manager, const FileSys::VirtualFilesystem& vfs);
 
 // A class that wraps a VfsDirectory with methods that return ResultVal and ResultCode instead of

src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_srv.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,17 @@
 
 namespace Service::FileSystem {
 
+enum class FileSystemType : u8 {
+    Invalid0 = 0,
+    Invalid1 = 1,
+    Logo = 2,
+    ContentControl = 3,
+    ContentManual = 4,
+    ContentMeta = 5,
+    ContentData = 6,
+    ApplicationPackage = 7,
+};
+
 class IStorage final : public ServiceFramework<IStorage> {
 public:
     explicit IStorage(FileSys::VirtualFile backend_)
@@ -420,7 +431,7 @@ FSP_SRV::FSP_SRV() : ServiceFramework("fsp-srv") {
         {0, nullptr, "MountContent"},
         {1, &FSP_SRV::Initialize, "Initialize"},
         {2, nullptr, "OpenDataFileSystemByCurrentProcess"},
-        {7, nullptr, "OpenFileSystemWithPatch"},
+        {7, &FSP_SRV::OpenFileSystemWithPatch, "OpenFileSystemWithPatch"},
         {8, nullptr, "OpenFileSystemWithId"},
         {9, nullptr, "OpenDataFileSystemByApplicationId"},
         {11, nullptr, "OpenBisFileSystem"},
@@ -444,7 +455,7 @@ FSP_SRV::FSP_SRV() : ServiceFramework("fsp-srv") {
         {34, nullptr, "GetCacheStorageSize"},
         {51, &FSP_SRV::MountSaveData, "MountSaveData"},
         {52, nullptr, "OpenSaveDataFileSystemBySystemSaveDataId"},
-        {53, nullptr, "OpenReadOnlySaveDataFileSystem"},
+        {53, &FSP_SRV::OpenReadOnlySaveDataFileSystem, "OpenReadOnlySaveDataFileSystem"},
         {57, nullptr, "ReadSaveDataFileSystemExtraDataBySaveDataSpaceId"},
         {58, nullptr, "ReadSaveDataFileSystemExtraData"},
         {59, nullptr, "WriteSaveDataFileSystemExtraData"},
@@ -516,6 +527,16 @@ void FSP_SRV::Initialize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     rb.Push(RESULT_SUCCESS);
 }
 
+void FSP_SRV::OpenFileSystemWithPatch(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    IPC::RequestParser rp{ctx};
+
+    const auto type = rp.PopRaw<FileSystemType>();
+    const auto title_id = rp.PopRaw<u64>();
+
+    IPC::ResponseBuilder rb{ctx, 2, 0, 0};
+    rb.Push(ResultCode(-1));
+}
+
 void FSP_SRV::MountSdCard(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_DEBUG(Service_FS, "called");
 
@@ -563,6 +584,11 @@ void FSP_SRV::MountSaveData(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     rb.PushIpcInterface<IFileSystem>(std::move(filesystem));
 }
 
+void FSP_SRV::OpenReadOnlySaveDataFileSystem(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
+    LOG_WARNING(Service_FS, "(STUBBED) called, delegating to 51 OpenSaveDataFilesystem");
+    MountSaveData(ctx);
+}
+
 void FSP_SRV::GetGlobalAccessLogMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
     LOG_WARNING(Service_FS, "(STUBBED) called");
 

src/core/hle/service/filesystem/fsp_srv.h

@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ public:
 
 private:
     void Initialize(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void OpenFileSystemWithPatch(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void MountSdCard(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void CreateSaveData(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void MountSaveData(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
+    void OpenReadOnlySaveDataFileSystem(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void GetGlobalAccessLogMode(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void OpenDataStorageByCurrentProcess(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);
     void OpenDataStorageByDataId(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx);

src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include <atomic>
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/core_timing.h"
 #include "core/core_timing_util.h"
 #include "core/frontend/emu_window.h"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "core/hle/service/hid/irs.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/hid/xcd.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
+#include "core/settings.h"
 
 namespace Service::HID {
 
@@ -34,9 +36,10 @@ public:
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
         shared_mem = Kernel::SharedMemory::Create(
-            nullptr, 0x40000, Kernel::MemoryPermission::ReadWrite, Kernel::MemoryPermission::Read,
-            0, Kernel::MemoryRegion::BASE, "HID:SharedMemory");
+            kernel, nullptr, 0x40000, Kernel::MemoryPermission::ReadWrite,
+            Kernel::MemoryPermission::Read, 0, Kernel::MemoryRegion::BASE, "HID:SharedMemory");
 
         // Register update callbacks
         pad_update_event = CoreTiming::RegisterEvent(
@@ -401,7 +404,8 @@ public:
 
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
-        event = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "hid:EventHandle");
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+        event = Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "hid:EventHandle");
     }
     ~Hid() = default;
 

src/core/hle/service/hid/hid.h

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <array>
+#include "common/bit_field.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/service.h"
-#include "core/settings.h"
 
 namespace Service::HID {
 

src/core/hle/service/nfp/nfp.cpp

@@ -46,11 +46,13 @@ public:
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
-        activate_event = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IUser:ActivateEvent");
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+        activate_event =
+            Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IUser:ActivateEvent");
         deactivate_event =
-            Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IUser:DeactivateEvent");
-        availability_change_event =
-            Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IUser:AvailabilityChangeEvent");
+            Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IUser:DeactivateEvent");
+        availability_change_event = Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot,
+                                                          "IUser:AvailabilityChangeEvent");
     }
 
 private:

src/core/hle/service/nifm/nifm.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nifm/nifm.h"
@@ -54,8 +55,9 @@ public:
         };
         RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
-        event1 = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IRequest:Event1");
-        event2 = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IRequest:Event2");
+        auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+        event1 = Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IRequest:Event1");
+        event2 = Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "IRequest:Event2");
     }
 
 private:

src/core/hle/service/ns/pl_u.cpp

@@ -35,6 +35,14 @@ static constexpr std::array<std::pair<FontArchives, const char*>, 7> SHARED_FONT
     std::make_pair(FontArchives::Extension, "nintendo_ext_003.bfttf"),
     std::make_pair(FontArchives::Extension, "nintendo_ext2_003.bfttf")};
 
+static constexpr std::array<const char*, 7> SHARED_FONTS_TTF{"FontStandard.ttf",
+                                                             "FontChineseSimplified.ttf",
+                                                             "FontExtendedChineseSimplified.ttf",
+                                                             "FontChineseTraditional.ttf",
+                                                             "FontKorean.ttf",
+                                                             "FontNintendoExtended.ttf",
+                                                             "FontNintendoExtended2.ttf"};
+
 // The below data is specific to shared font data dumped from Switch on f/w 2.2
 // Virtual address and offsets/sizes likely will vary by dump
 static constexpr VAddr SHARED_FONT_MEM_VADDR{0x00000009d3016000ULL};
@@ -76,6 +84,17 @@ void DecryptSharedFont(const std::vector<u32>& input, std::vector<u8>& output, s
     offset += transformed_font.size() * sizeof(u32);
 }
 
+static void EncryptSharedFont(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output,
+                              size_t& offset) {
+    ASSERT_MSG(offset + input.size() + 8 < SHARED_FONT_MEM_SIZE, "Shared fonts exceeds 17mb!");
+    const u32 KEY = EXPECTED_MAGIC ^ EXPECTED_RESULT;
+    std::memcpy(output.data() + offset, &EXPECTED_RESULT, sizeof(u32)); // Magic header
+    const u32 ENC_SIZE = static_cast<u32>(input.size()) ^ KEY;
+    std::memcpy(output.data() + offset + sizeof(u32), &ENC_SIZE, sizeof(u32));
+    std::memcpy(output.data() + offset + (sizeof(u32) * 2), input.data(), input.size());
+    offset += input.size() + (sizeof(u32) * 2);
+}
+
 static u32 GetU32Swapped(const u8* data) {
     u32 value;
     std::memcpy(&value, data, sizeof(value));
@@ -109,10 +128,10 @@ PL_U::PL_U() : ServiceFramework("pl:u") {
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
     // Attempt to load shared font data from disk
     const auto nand = FileSystem::GetSystemNANDContents();
+    size_t offset = 0;
     // Rebuild shared fonts from data ncas
     if (nand->HasEntry(static_cast<u64>(FontArchives::Standard),
                        FileSys::ContentRecordType::Data)) {
-        size_t offset = 0;
         shared_font = std::make_shared<std::vector<u8>>(SHARED_FONT_MEM_SIZE);
         for (auto font : SHARED_FONTS) {
             const auto nca =
@@ -152,18 +171,45 @@ PL_U::PL_U() : ServiceFramework("pl:u") {
             DecryptSharedFont(font_data_u32, *shared_font, offset);
             SHARED_FONT_REGIONS.push_back(region);
         }
+
     } else {
-        const std::string filepath{FileUtil::GetUserPath(FileUtil::UserPath::SysDataDir) +
-                                   SHARED_FONT};
+        shared_font = std::make_shared<std::vector<u8>>(
+            SHARED_FONT_MEM_SIZE); // Shared memory needs to always be allocated and a fixed size
+
+        const std::string user_path = FileUtil::GetUserPath(FileUtil::UserPath::SysDataDir);
+        const std::string filepath{user_path + SHARED_FONT};
+
         // Create path if not already created
         if (!FileUtil::CreateFullPath(filepath)) {
             LOG_ERROR(Service_NS, "Failed to create sharedfonts path \"{}\"!", filepath);
             return;
         }
+
+        bool using_ttf = false;
+        for (const char* font_ttf : SHARED_FONTS_TTF) {
+            if (FileUtil::Exists(user_path + font_ttf)) {
+                using_ttf = true;
+                FileUtil::IOFile file(user_path + font_ttf, "rb");
+                if (file.IsOpen()) {
+                    std::vector<u8> ttf_bytes(file.GetSize());
+                    file.ReadBytes<u8>(ttf_bytes.data(), ttf_bytes.size());
+                    FontRegion region{
+                        static_cast<u32>(offset + 8),
+                        static_cast<u32>(ttf_bytes.size())}; // Font offset and size do not account
+                                                             // for the header
+                    EncryptSharedFont(ttf_bytes, *shared_font, offset);
+                    SHARED_FONT_REGIONS.push_back(region);
+                } else {
+                    LOG_WARNING(Service_NS, "Unable to load font: {}", font_ttf);
+                }
+            } else if (using_ttf) {
+                LOG_WARNING(Service_NS, "Unable to find font: {}", font_ttf);
+            }
+        }
+        if (using_ttf)
+            return;
         FileUtil::IOFile file(filepath, "rb");
 
-        shared_font = std::make_shared<std::vector<u8>>(
-            SHARED_FONT_MEM_SIZE); // Shared memory needs to always be allocated and a fixed size
         if (file.IsOpen()) {
             // Read shared font data
             ASSERT(file.GetSize() == SHARED_FONT_MEM_SIZE);
@@ -220,8 +266,9 @@ void PL_U::GetSharedMemoryNativeHandle(Kernel::HLERequestContext& ctx) {
         SHARED_FONT_MEM_VADDR, shared_font, 0, SHARED_FONT_MEM_SIZE, Kernel::MemoryState::Shared);
 
     // Create shared font memory object
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
     shared_font_mem = Kernel::SharedMemory::Create(
-        Core::CurrentProcess(), SHARED_FONT_MEM_SIZE, Kernel::MemoryPermission::ReadWrite,
+        kernel, Core::CurrentProcess(), SHARED_FONT_MEM_SIZE, Kernel::MemoryPermission::ReadWrite,
         Kernel::MemoryPermission::Read, SHARED_FONT_MEM_VADDR, Kernel::MemoryRegion::BASE,
         "PL_U:shared_font_mem");
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdisp_disp0.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvmap.h"
+#include "core/perf_stats.h"
 #include "video_core/gpu.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_base.h"
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ void nvdisp_disp0::flip(u32 buffer_handle, u32 offset, u32 format, u32 width, u3
         transform, crop_rect};
 
     auto& instance = Core::System::GetInstance();
-    instance.perf_stats.EndGameFrame();
+    instance.GetPerfStats().EndGameFrame();
     instance.Renderer().SwapBuffers(framebuffer);
 }
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_as_gpu.cpp

@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ u32 nvhost_as_gpu::AllocateSpace(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>&
     auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
     const u64 size{static_cast<u64>(params.pages) * static_cast<u64>(params.page_size)};
     if (params.flags & 1) {
-        params.offset = gpu.memory_manager->AllocateSpace(params.offset, size, 1);
+        params.offset = gpu.MemoryManager().AllocateSpace(params.offset, size, 1);
     } else {
-        params.offset = gpu.memory_manager->AllocateSpace(size, params.align);
+        params.offset = gpu.MemoryManager().AllocateSpace(size, params.align);
     }
 
     std::memcpy(output.data(), &params, output.size());
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ u32 nvhost_as_gpu::Remap(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& output)
         u64 size = static_cast<u64>(entry.pages) << 0x10;
         ASSERT(size <= object->size);
 
-        Tegra::GPUVAddr returned = gpu.memory_manager->MapBufferEx(object->addr, offset, size);
+        Tegra::GPUVAddr returned = gpu.MemoryManager().MapBufferEx(object->addr, offset, size);
         ASSERT(returned == offset);
     }
     std::memcpy(output.data(), entries.data(), output.size());
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ u32 nvhost_as_gpu::MapBufferEx(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& ou
     auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
 
     if (params.flags & 1) {
-        params.offset = gpu.memory_manager->MapBufferEx(object->addr, params.offset, object->size);
+        params.offset = gpu.MemoryManager().MapBufferEx(object->addr, params.offset, object->size);
     } else {
-        params.offset = gpu.memory_manager->MapBufferEx(object->addr, object->size);
+        params.offset = gpu.MemoryManager().MapBufferEx(object->addr, object->size);
     }
 
     // Create a new mapping entry for this operation.
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ u32 nvhost_as_gpu::UnmapBuffer(const std::vector<u8>& input, std::vector<u8>& ou
                                                                      itr->second.size);
 
     auto& gpu = system_instance.GPU();
-    params.offset = gpu.memory_manager->UnmapBuffer(params.offset, itr->second.size);
+    params.offset = gpu.MemoryManager().UnmapBuffer(params.offset, itr->second.size);
 
     buffer_mappings.erase(itr->second.offset);
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvhost_gpu.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/swap.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/devices/nvdevice.h"
+#include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
 
 namespace Service::Nvidia::Devices {
 

src/core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
 #include "core/hle/ipc_helpers.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/event.h"
 #include "core/hle/service/nvdrv/interface.h"
@@ -107,7 +108,8 @@ NVDRV::NVDRV(std::shared_ptr<Module> nvdrv, const char* name)
     };
     RegisterHandlers(functions);
 
-    query_event = Kernel::Event::Create(Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "NVDRV::query_event");
+    auto& kernel = Core::System::GetInstance().Kernel();
+    query_event = Kernel::Event::Create(kernel, Kernel::ResetType::OneShot, "NVDRV::query_event");
 }
 
 } // namespace Service::Nvidia